Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla A. Kubitz ◽  
Konstantinos Pothakos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group Effects

In the present study, participants were randomly assigned to an exercise or a nonexercise group to measure brain activation (spontaneous EEG activity), affect, and cognitive functioning before and after a 15-min treatment period. Exercisers (a) sat quietly for 5 min, (b) exercised for 15 min, (c) recovered for 5 min, and (d) completed a 15-min vigilance task. Nonexercisers did not exercise. There was a significant (a) Condition × Band × Time interaction for EEG activity, (b) Condition × Time interaction for Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD ACL) scores, and (c) Condition × Time interaction for reaction times (RTs). Post hoc tests showed (a) no significant group effects at the baseline and 15-min vigilance periods, and (b) significant group effects at the postexercise and 5-min vigilance periods. Exercisers had lower levels of brain activation (i.e., more theta and alpha activity and less beta activity), higher AD ACL scores, and slower RTs than nonexercisers during these periods.

Differential Experimental Effects of a Short Bout of Walking, Meditation, or Combination of Walking and Meditation on State Anxiety Among Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Edwards ◽  
Simon Rosenbaum ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
P 75 ◽  
Short Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to improve anxiety states. Yet to be evaluated in the literature, we sought to examine the effects of a single, short bout of aerobic exercise or meditation, as well as exercise and meditation combined on state anxiety among young adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University. Subjects: Participants (N = 110, mean age = 21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). Measures: All walking and meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants’ state anxiety was monitored before and after the intervention using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Results: Significant group × time interaction effects were observed ( P = .01). Post hoc paired t tests revealed that state anxiety significantly decreased from baseline to postintervention in the meditation ( P = .002), meditation then walk ( P = .002), and walk then meditation ( P = .03) groups but not the walk ( P = .75) or control ( P = .45) groups. Conclusion: Meditation (vs a brisk walk) may be a preferred method of attenuating anxiety symptomology. Individuals desiring the health benefits associated with aerobic exercise may achieve additional anxiolytic benefits if they employ a brief meditation session before or after exercising.

Affective Responses to Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Meditation, and Combinations of Exercise and Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Edwards ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Positive Engagement

Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to induce positive affect. In a novel experimental paradigm, we sought to examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meditation, as well as exercise and meditation combined on affect among young adults. Participants ( N = 110, mean age = 21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). All walking and meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants’ affect was monitored before and after the intervention using the Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for three Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory subscales, including revitalization ( p < .001), tranquility ( p = .02), and exhaustion ( p = .03); the group × time interaction for Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory positive engagement was nonsignificant ( p = .16). A single bout of brisk walking or meditation, as well as a combination of walking and meditation, may positively influence affect. There is some evidence to suggest that affective benefits may be greater following meditation or a combination of meditation and walking, when compared with walking alone.

scholarly journals Slow-frequency electroencephalography activity during wake and sleep in obesity hypoventilation syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Sivam ◽  
Joseph Poon ◽  
Keith K H Wong ◽  
Brendon J Yee ◽  
Amanda J Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation ◽  
Slow Frequency

Abstract Study Objective Neurophysiological activity during wake and sleep states in obesity hypoventilation (OHS) and its relationship with neurocognitive function is not well understood. This study compared OHS with equally obese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, with similar apnea-hypopnea indices. Methods Resting wake and overnight sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, neurocognitive tests, and sleepiness, depression and anxiety scores were assessed before and after 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in 15 OHS and 36 OSA patients. Results Pretreatment, greater slow frequency EEG activity during wake and sleep states (increased delta-alpha ratio during sleep, and theta power during awake) was observed in the OHS group compared to the OSA group. EEG slowing was correlated with poorer performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (slowest 10% of reciprocal reaction times, psychomotor vigilance test [PVT SRRT], primary outcome), and worse sleep-related hypoxemia measures in OHS. There was no between-group significant difference in PVT performance at pre or post-treatment. Similarly, despite both groups demonstrating improved sleepiness, anxiety and depression scores with PAP therapy, there were no differences in treatment response between the OSA and OHS groups. Conclusion Patients with OHS have greater slow frequency EEG activity during sleep and wake than equally obese patients with OSA. Greater EEG slowing was associated with worse vigilance and lower oxygenation during sleep. Clinical Trial This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000122550).

The effects of reducing chronic inflammation in overweight women on serum hepcidin and iron absorption with and without supplemental ascorbic acid

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nicole U. Stoffel ◽  
Ana Carla Cepeda-Lopez ◽  
Karla Cervantes-Gracia ◽  
Daniel Llanas-Cornejo ◽  
Erika A. Delgado González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Hepcidin ◽  
Group Effects

Abstract Although hepcidin synthesis is stimulated by inflammation and inhibited by Fe deficiency, the strength of their opposing effects on serum hepcidin (SHep) in humans remains unclear. It was recently shown that an inflammatory stimulus in anaemic women did not increase SHep or decrease Fe absorption. The enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on Fe absorption may not be effective during inflammation because of increased SHep. Our study aim was to test whether reducing inflammation in Fe-depleted overweight (OW) women with low-grade inflammation would lower SHep and improve Fe absorption with and without ascorbic acid, compared with normal-weight (NW) women without inflammation. Before and after 14 d of anti-inflammatory treatment (3 × 600 mg ibuprofen daily) in OW and NW women (n 36; 19–46 years of age), we measured SHep and fractional Fe absorption (FIA) (erythrocyte Fe incorporation) from 57Fe- and 58Fe-labelled test meals with and without ascorbic acid. There were significant group effects on IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and SHep (for all, P < 0·05). There was a significant treatment effect on SHep (P < 0·05): in OW women, treatment decreased IL-6 by approximately 30 % and SHep by approximately 45 %. However, there were no significant treatment or group effects on FIA. Body Fe stores (BIS) were a significant positive predictor of SHep before and after treatment (P < 0·001), but IL-6 was not. Reducing chronic inflammation in OW women halved SHep but did not affect Fe absorption with or without ascorbic acid, and the main predictor of Fe absorption was BIS.

Effects of Monochord Music on Heart Rate Variability and Self-Reports of Relaxation in Healthy Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Gäbel ◽  
Natalia Garrido ◽  
Julian Koenig ◽  
Thomas Karl Hillecke ◽  
Marco Warth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Relaxation Exercise

Background: Music-based interventions are considered an effective and low-cost treatment option for stress-related symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the trajectories of the psychophysiological response in apparently healthy participants during a music-based relaxation intervention compared to a verbal relaxation exercise. Material and Methods: 70 participants were assigned to either receptive live music (experimental group) or a prerecorded verbal relaxation exercise (control group). Self-ratings of relaxation were assessed before and after each intervention on visual analogue scales and the Relaxation Inventory (RI). The heart rate variability (HRV) was continuously recorded throughout the sessions. Statistical analysis focused on HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic cardiovascular outflow. Results: We found significant quadratic main effects for time on the mean R-R interval (heart rate), the high-frequency power of HRV (indicative of parasympathetic activity), and the self-ratings of relaxation in both groups. A significant group × time interaction was observed for the cognitive tension subscale of the RI. Conclusions: Participants in both groups showed psychophysiological changes indicative of greater relaxation over the course of the interventions. However, differences between groups were only marginal. Music might be effective in relieving stress and promoting relaxation by altering the autonomic nervous system function. Future studies need to explore the long-term outcomes of such interventions.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alterations in Brain Activation During Multitasking and Its Relation With Cognitive Complaints

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 2031-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Deprez ◽  
Mathieu Vandenbulcke ◽  
Ronald Peeters ◽  
Louise Emsell ◽  
Ann Smeets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
To Receive

Purpose To examine whether cognitive complaints after treatment for breast cancer are associated with detectable changes in brain activity during multitasking. Patients and Methods Eighteen patients who were scheduled to receive chemotherapy performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging multitasking task in the scanner before the start of treatment (t1) and 4 to 6 months after finishing treatment (t2). Sixteen patients who were not scheduled to receive chemotherapy and 17 matched healthy controls performed the same task at matched intervals. Task difficulty level was adjusted individually to match performance across participants. Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) software was used for within-group, between-group, and group-by-time interaction image analyses. Results Voxel-based paired t tests revealed significantly decreased activation (P < .05) from t1 to t2 at matched performance in the multitasking network of chemotherapy-treated patients, whereas no changes were noted in either of the control groups. At baseline, there were no differences between the groups. Furthermore, in contrast to controls, the chemotherapy-treated patients reported a significant increase in cognitive complaints (P < .05) at t2. Significant (P < .05) correlations were found between these increases and decreases in multitasking-related brain activation. Moreover, a significant group-by-time interaction (P < .05) was found whereby chemotherapy-treated patients showed decreased activation and healthy controls did not. Conclusion These results suggest that changes in brain activity may underlie chemotherapy-induced cognitive complaints. The observed changes might be related to chemotherapy-induced damage to the brain or reduced connectivity between brain regions rather than to changes in effort or changes in functional strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study providing evidence for a relationship between longitudinal changes in cognitive complaints and changes in brain activation after chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Traditional Versus Horizontal Inertial Flywheel Power Training on Common Sport-Related Tasks

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés de Hoyo ◽  
Borja Sañudo ◽  
Luis Carrasco ◽  
Sergio Domínguez-Cobo ◽  
Jesús Mateo-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the effects of power training using traditional vertical resistance exercises versus direction specific horizontal inertial flywheel training on performance in common sport-related tasks. Twenty-three healthy and physically active males (age: 22.29 ± 2.45 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were allocated into either the traditional training (TT) group where the half squat exercise on a smith machine was applied or the horizontal flywheel training (HFT) group performing the front step exercise with an inertial flywheel. Training volume and intensity were matched between groups by repetitions (5-8 sets with 8 repetitions) and relative intensity (the load that maximized power (Pmax)) over the period of six weeks. Speed (10 m and 20 m), countermovement jump height (CMJH), 20 m change of direction ability (COD) and strength during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were assessed before and after the training program. The differences between groups and by time were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by paired t-tests. A significant group by time interaction (p=0.004) was found in the TT group demonstrating a significantly higher CMJH. Within-group analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in a 10 m sprint (TT: −0.17 0.27 s vs. HFT: −0.11 0.10 s), CMJH (TT: 4.92 2.58 cm vs. HFT: 1.55 2.44 cm) and MVIC (TT: 62.87 79.71 N vs. HFT: 106.56 121.63 N) in both groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences only occurred in the 20 m sprint time in the TT group (−0.04 0.12 s; p = 0.04). In conclusion, the results suggest that TT at the maximal peak power load is more effective than HFT for counter movement jump height while both TT and HFT elicited significant improvements in 10 m sprint performance while only TT significantly improved 20 m sprint performance.

The Effect of Eight-Week Water-Based Corrective Exercises on Forward Head, Rounded Shoulder, Thoracic Hyperkyphosis Posture, and Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Ahmadi ◽  
Ali Yalfani ◽  
Farzaneh Gandomi
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: The lifestyle and long-term use of communication technologies have led to the prevalence of neck pain and concurrent forward head posture (FHP), Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), and hyperkyphosis (HK) deformities. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the eight-week water–based corrective exercises on FHP, RSP, HK deformities, and neck pain. Methods: After screening the 200 students, 30 students with FHP, RSP and HK were selected. They were assigned randomly to experimental (n=14) and control (n=16) groups. Imaging from lateral view and AutoCAD software were used to evaluate the FHP and RSP angles and HK was measured by flexible ruler. Moreover, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess shoulder, and neck pain. These variables were assessed before and after 8-week intervention period. Results: statistical analysis indicated a significant group by time interaction in the FHP (P=0.001), RSP (P=0.001), HK (P=0.001) angels and in terms of the pain (P=0.001) which indicated a decrease in kyphosis and forward head angels, and Rounded shoulder displacement. But no significant decrease was observed in control group measures (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, probably performing 8-week corrective exercises in the water environment could have more effect on FHP, RSP, HK angels decreasing and neck and shoulder pain reduction. This corrective exercises protocol can be suggested to professionals in order to correct these concurrent malalignments. Trial registration: The protocols were also registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration no.: IRCT20170615034554N2). https://www.irct.ir/trial/26381. 2018-05-07.

scholarly journals Differences of expected intervention effects between participant-led and facilitator-led preventive care services in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 156918612110229
Author(s):  
Shan Yun ◽  
Risa Takashima ◽  
Kazuki Yoshida ◽  
Daisuke Sawamura ◽  
Takao Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Care ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preventive Care Services

Objective To examine the effect of different management methods on the effectiveness of care preventive programmes for community-dwelling older adults. Methods This study comprised two facilitator-led (FL) and one participant-led (PL) preventive care classes in Japan. All participants received the intervention for approximately 12 weeks. Functional assessments, occupational dysfunctions, and subjective health were measured before and after the interventions. A two-way mixed design analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was adopted to examine the effect of the interventions, adjusted for previous experiences with preventive care services. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Fourteen participants in the PL group (76.64 ± 6.48 years, 92.9% women) and 29 participants in the FL group (76.55 ± 5.75 years, 75.9% women) were included in the statistical analysis. ANCOVA showed significant group × time interaction effects in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), the Timed Up & Go (TUG), occupational deprivation of the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction Scale, and self-rated health. Simple main effect tests showed that the TUG decreased significantly in the PL group, while occupational deprivation and self-rated health scores improved significantly. In contrast, FTSST scores significantly improved in the FL group. Conclusion PL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing social isolation and withdrawal, while FL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing physical frailty. Selecting not only adequate programmes but also an appropriate management type that matches the service purpose can help provide more effective care preventive services.

scholarly journals Effects of Intervention upon Precompetition State Anxiety in Elite Junior Tennis Players: The Relevance of the Matching Hypothesis

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Terry ◽  
Lisa Coakley ◽  
Costas Karageorghis
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
Matching Hypothesis

The matching hypothesis proposes that interventions for anxiety should be matched to the modality in which anxiety is experienced. This study investigated the relevance of the matching hypothesis for anxiety interventions in tennis. Elite junior tennis players ( N=100; Age: M=13.9 yr., SD = 1.8 yr.) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 before and after one of four randomly assigned intervention strategies approximately one hour prior to competition at a National Junior Championship. A two-factor multivariate analysis of variance (group x time) with repeated measures on the time factor gave no significant main effect by group but indicated significant reductions in somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety and a significant increase in self-confidence following intervention. A significant group by time interaction emerged for self-confidence. The results question the need to match intervention strategy to the mode of anxiety experienced.

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