Simulator Design and Instructional features for Air-to-Ground Attack: Transfer Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042
Author(s):  
Daniel Sheppard ◽  
Daniel Westra ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Field Of View ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Visual Technology ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Naval Aviators ◽  
Student Naval Aviators ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effectiveness Data ◽  
Transfer Study

A transfer-of-training experiment was conducted to provide guidelines for simulator design and training procedures for air-to-ground attack. Two levels of scene detail (complex day scene versus a low detail dusk scene), three levels of field of view (160H X 80V, 135H X 60V, 103H X 60V), and three levels of simulator training trials (24, 48, 72) were tested in the experiment. Student Naval Aviators (SNAs) were trained in the Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) in 30-degree bombing prior to their standard weapon training phase. Other students, not pretrained in the VTRS, were used for control comparisons. Training in the VTRS helped SNAs use their weapons flight time in the TA-4J more effectively. Forty-eight simulator trials were recommended as adequate pretraining for 30-degree bombing. There was no evidence of differential transfer for the scene detail and field-of-view factors. The least expensive field of view option tested was recommended. However, there were methodological problems with the scene type comparison and the apparent transfer equivalence of the two scenes may not fully indicate their relative training effectiveness. Data from other VTRS experiments suggest the superiority of the day scene and it was recommended.

Simulator Design Features for Helicopter Shipboard Landings

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sheppard ◽  
Joyce Madden ◽  
Sherrie A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Field Of View ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Visual Technology ◽  
Vertical Takeoff And Landing ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Rotor Model ◽  
Vertical Takeoff

The Vertical Takeoff and Landing Simulator (VTOL) at the Naval Training Systems Center's (NTSC) Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) was used to study the effects of simulator design features on pilot performance in helicopter shipboard landings. The research was designed to evaluate the effects of current design features on the SH—60B Operational Flight Trainer (OFT) used to train helicopter shipboard landing and four proposed simulator design modifications. These were: (1) scene detail (SH—60B OFT scene versus an upgraded VTRS scene), (2) field-of-view (VTRS wide versus a smaller SH—60B OFT field-of-view), (3) dynamic seat cueing (on versus off), and (4) dynamic inflow (standard rotor model available in existing trainers versus an updated rotor model). These factors were tested across two levels of seastate. On the basis of the factors studied in the experiment, the wider field-of-view, the more detailed scene and the updated rotor model are recommended for use. The dynamic seat cueing evaluated in this study is not recommended at this time.

Simulator Design Features for Helicopter Landing on Small Ships

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Westra ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Visual Technology ◽  
Skill Maintenance ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Transition Training ◽  
Seat Vibration ◽  
Rotary Wing

The Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) at the Naval Training Equipment Center was used to study the effects of six simulator features on performance for helicopter landings on small ships. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain information relevant to the design of simulators used for skill maintenance and transition training, and to obtain information for making decisions about future transfer-of-training studies. The six simulator equipment factors were ship detail (high-detail deck and hangar markings versus no deck and hangar markings), field of view (VTRS-wide versus reduced SH-60B operational flight trainer field of view), system visual lag (217 msec versus 117 msec), g-seat rate cuing (off versus on), g-seat vibration cuing (off versus on), and collective sound cuing (off versus on). These factors were tested across two levels of seastate and pilot expedience. Pilots who participated in the experiment were experienced Navy H-3 rotary wing pilots. Results indicated large effects of ship detail, moderate effects for visual lag, small effects for field of view, and no meaningful effects for the g-seat factors and collective sound.

Simulation and Training for Aircraft Carrier Landings: An Economical Multifactor Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 830-834
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Westra
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Visual Technology ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
And Training

The Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) at the Naval Training Equipment Center was used to study the effects of six factors on carrier-landing training. An in-simulator fractional factorial transfer design was chosen, in which students were trained under various conditions, and then tested under a standard condition that represented maximum realism. The experimental design permitted a relatively large number of variables to be studied, using a relatively small number of student subjects. The subjects were pilots who had no prior carrier-landing experience: 16 recent graduates of Air Force T-38 training, and 16 highly experienced Navy P-3 pilots. Factors investigated were field-of-view, scene detail, platform motion, descent-rate cuing and training task (straight-in approaches vs. circling approaches). Turbulence was included as a factor and pilot type (Navy P-3 vs. Air Force T-38) was also included as a factor to control this source of subject variability. After training under a certain factor-level combination, students were tested on the day, wide field-of-view, circling task with motion and without descent-rate cuing. Results showed that the simulator and training factors generally produced small or no differences in transfer effectiveness. There were some advantages of the wide field-of-view and high-detail conditions, but these effects were small and/or short-lived, generally disappearing after a few transfer trials. Training with straight-in approaches resulted in transfer performance that was equal to or better than that produced by training with circling approaches. There were no motion or descent-rate cuing effects on the transfer task.

eSurgery - Digital Transformation in Surgery, Surgical Edu-cation and Training: Survey Analysis of the Status Quo in Germany. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Kröplin ◽  
Tobias Huber ◽  
Christian Geis ◽  
Benedikt Braun ◽  
Tobias Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Surgical Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
E Learning ◽  
And Training

UNSTRUCTURED Objective In surgery electronic healthcare systems offer numerous options to improve patient care. Aim of this study was to analyse the current status of digitalisation and its influence in surgery, with a special focus on surgical education and training. Methods An individually created questionnaire was used to analyse the subjective assessment of the digitalisation processes in clinical surgery. The online questionnaire consisted of 16 questions regarding the importance and the corresponding implementation of the teaching contents: big data, health apps, messenger apps, telemedicine, data protection/IT security, ethics, simulator training, economics and e-learning were included. The participation link was sent to members of the German Society of Surgery via the e-mail distribution list. Results In total, 119 surgeons (response rate = 19.8 %) took part in the survey. 18.5 % of them were trainees (TR). 81.5 % had already completed specialist training (SP). 66.4 % confirm a positive influence of digitalisation on the quality of patient care. The presence of a surgical robot was confirmed by 47.9 % of the participants. 22.0 % (n=26) of the participants confirm the possibil-ity of using virtual simulators. According to 79.0 % of the participants, the integration of digital technologies in surgical education for basic and advanced stage surgeons should be aimed for. Data protection (1.7) and e-Learning (1.7) were rated as the most important teaching content. The greatest discrepancy between importance and implementation was seen in the teaching content of big data (mean: 2.2 to 3.8). Conclusion The results of the survey reveal the particular importance of digitalisation content for surgery, surgical education and training. At the same time, the results underline the desire for in-creased integration of digital competence teaching. The data also show an overall more pro-gressive and optimistic perception of TR. In order to meet the challenges of the digital trans-formation, the implementation of suitable curricula, including virtual simulation-based training and blended-learning teaching concepts should be emphasized.

Study on Application in the Teaching of Ship Maneuvering Simulator

2013 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Hao Ran Song
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ship Maneuvering ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamics ◽  
Ship Manoeuvring ◽  
And Training ◽  
Ship Handling

Ship handling Simulator system was dominated by computer technology, combined with disciplines such as ship hydrodynamics, to emulate a variety of sea and sea conditions, various types of ships and its control system, achieve the purpose of simulation training. At present, the ship manoeuvring Simulator in navigational teaching and training not only from the international shipping industry is generally acceptable, but also highly valued by the International Maritime Organization. Therefore, growing on ship manoeuvring Simulator in navigational teaching research on the application and training of the crew, ship maneuvering simulator training more rational, more realistic, more standardized.

The Relationship between Flight Simulator Motion and Training Requirements

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL W. CARO
Keyword(s):  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Disturbance Cues

Flight simulator motion has been demonstrated to affect performance in the simulator, but recent transfer of training studies have failed to demonstrate an effect upon in-flight performance. However, these transfer studies examined the effects of motion in experimental designs that did not permit a dependency relationship to be established between the characteristics of the motion simulated and the training objectives or the performance measured. Another investigator has suggested that motion cues which occur in flight can be dichotomized as maneuver and disturbance cues, i.e., as resulting from pilot control action or from external forces. This paper examines each type cue and relates it analytically to training requirements. The need to establish such relationships in simulator design is emphasized. Future transfer studies should examine specific training objectives that can be expected to be effected by motion.

Speed-of-Processing and Driving Simulator Training Result in Improved Driving Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Roenker ◽  
Gayla M. Cissell ◽  
Karlene K. Ball ◽  
Virginia G. Wadley ◽  
Jerri D. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Useful Field Of View ◽  
Speed Of Processing Training

Useful field of view, a measure of processing speed and spatial attention, can be improved with training. We evaluated the effects of this improvement on older adults' driving performance. Elderly adults participated in a speed-of-processing training program ( N = 48), a traditional driver training program performed in a driving simulator ( N = 22), or a low-risk reference group ( N = 25). Before training, immediately after training or an equivalent time delay, and after an 18-month delay each participant was evaluated in a driving simulator and completed a 14-mile (22.5-km) open-road driving evaluation. Speed-of-processing training, but not simulator training, improved a specific measure of useful field of view (UFOV®), transferred to some simulator measures, and resulted in fewer dangerous maneuvers during the driving evaluation. The simulator-trained group improved on two driving performance measures: turning into the correct lane and proper signal use. Similar effects were not observed in the speed-of-processing training or low-risk reference groups. The persistence of these effects over an 18-month test interval was also evaluated. Actual or potential applications of this research include driver assessment and/or training programs and cognitive intervention programs for older adults.

Validation of a Computer-Based Aviation Secondary Selection System for Student Naval Aviators

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
G.D. Gibb ◽  
D.L. Dolgin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Selection System ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Selection Test ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Naval Aviators ◽  
Student Naval Aviators

This report describes the validation of an automated aircrew selection test battery that measures cognitive processes, psychomotor skills, and time-sharing abilities. Results indicate that performance-based test measures can be used to predict flight training performance.

How Much Should You Pay for That Box?

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Training Cost ◽  
Simulator Motion ◽  
And Training

Some claimed cost, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness advantages of aircraft simulators for training are equivocal. Effectiveness of simulator training depends mostly upon the training procedures. Other factors alleged to influence the effectiveness of simulators vary in their demonstrated importance. These are considered in the contexts of physical simulation vs. psychological simulation, simulator fidelity and motivation, and pilot acceptance. One of the more costly areas of engineering development to increase fidelity of physical simulation is motion systems. No experimental evidence is available to show that simulator motion enhances transfer of training. Cost effectiveness has not been demonstrated for many interesting and attractive features that are standard trimmings on flight training simulators. The acquisition of simulators costing several times as much to own and operate as their counterpart airplanes may produce a backlash that will set back the desirable use of cost-effective simulators in reasonable research and training programs.

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