Estimating Time Intervals Using a Recycling Camera Flash: User's Sensitivity to Flash Recycle Times

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Aurelio
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Actual Range ◽  
The Subject

To determine user sensitivity to camera flash recycle times, 84 subjects evaluated a range of flash recycle times. Flash recycle time is the minimum time needed to repower a camera battery between two camera flashes. The recycle time was increased from an “acceptable” recycle time to 30 seconds, or until the subject said he or she would replace the battery. It appeared that the rating and acceptability of a flash recycle time was related to the user's current flash recycle time. Subjects typically estimated that their own camera flash recycled in 2–5 seconds even though the actual range of times for the subjects' cameras was 0.5 to 10 seconds. A similar discrepancy occurred when the subjects were asked when they would replace their camera batteries. Possible explanations for estimation discrepancies and reasons for battery replacement are explored.

Modality-Specific Effects on Discrimination of Short Empty Time Intervals

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraga Hocherman ◽  
Gita Ben-Dov
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Empty Time

The ability of human subjects to judge the duration of short empty time intervals was studied in relation to the modality composition of the marker signals. Ac each trial, a pair of empty intervals was presented by a series of three successive stimuli, and the subject was asked to point out the longer interval of the two. Tone pips and flashes of light were used as the bounding signals. All the possible combinations of auditory and visual stimuli were used, in random order, to delimit pairs of intervals. Performance was found modality-independent when the first two stimuli were of the same modality. Strong response biases were introduced by varying the modality of the first or the second stimulus. Analysis of these biases indicates that memorization of the empty time intervals is affected by the modality of the binding signals.

A New Model for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake Based on Postexercise Measurements in Swimming

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Chaverri ◽  
Thorsten Schuller ◽  
Xavier Iglesias ◽  
Uwe Hoffmann ◽  
Ferran A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Immediate Recovery ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
The Subject

Purpose:Assessing cardiopulmonary function during swimming is a complex and cumbersome procedure. Backward extrapolation is often used to predict peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) during unimpeded swimming, but error can derive from a delay at the onset of V̇O2 recovery. The authors assessed the validity of a mathematical model based on heart rate (HR) and postexercise V̇O2 kinetics for the estimation of V̇O2peak during exercise.Methods:34 elite swimmers performed a maximal front-crawl 200-m swim. V̇O2 was measured breath by breath and HR from beat-to-beat intervals. Data were time-aligned and 1-s-interpolated. Exercise V̇O2peak was the average of the last 20 s of exercise. Postexercise V̇O2 was the first 20-s average during the immediate recovery. Predicted V̇O2 values (pV̇O2) were computed using the equation: pV̇O2(t) = V̇O2(t) HRend-exercise/HR(t). Average values were calculated for different time intervals and compared with measured exercise V̇O2peak.Results:Postexercise V̇O2 (0–20 s) underestimated V̇O2peak by 3.3% (95% CI = 9.8% underestimation to 3.2% overestimation, mean difference = –116 mL/min, SEE = 4.2%, P = .001). The best V̇O2peak estimates were offered by pV̇O2peak from 0 to 20 s (r2 = .96, mean difference = 17 mL/min, SEE = 3.8%).Conclusions:The high correlation (r2 = .86–.96) and agreement between exercise and predicted V̇O2 support the validity of the model, which provides accurate V̇O2peak estimations after a single maximal swim while avoiding the error of backward extrapolation and allowing the subject to swim completely unimpeded.

Time Estimation and Juvenile Delinquency

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Carrillo-De-La-Peña ◽  
M. A. Luengo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Delinquent Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

Certain empirical evidence suggests that subjects prone to delinquent activity may have faster internal clocks than others. To investigate the relationship between antisocial behavior and time perception and its dependence on the experimental time interval and method and on whether the subject is institutionalized we obtained verbal and production estimates of 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-sec. intervals from 249 adolescents (156 school attenders and 93 institutionalized subjects) classified into 3 groups according to the intensity of their antisocial activity. Results provide no support for the hypothesis that overestimation of short time intervals is associated with either juvenile delinquency or institutionalization.

Optimal Location of Robot Base with Respect to the Application Positions by Using Proper Neural-Network Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 482-487
Author(s):  
Liviu Ciupitu ◽  
Adrian Olaru
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Initial Task ◽  
Network Method ◽  
The Subject

Usual the location of robot base with respect to positions (configurations) of an application that the robot must reach is choose in such a way that the application points to be into working space of robot by avoiding the obstacles. Or the application is build from the very first beginning in such a way that all application points to be in the working space of robot because usual the robot base is fixed to the ground. But this is not the optimal solution with respect to an objective function which represents for example minimum time of motion during a cycle, or minimum consumption of energy, or maximum precision, or combination of these. Some objective functions could results from the specificity of the application like is the case of casting of forging where the accumulation of heat for example could be one of the optimization criteria. For example in the automotive industry the owners prefer to replace the whole robotized line when the product is changed instead of reprogramming robots because the prices of robots is decreasing and the price of reprogramming is increasing. For such a situation the placing of robot base in an optimum location from the very first beginning so that the time or/and energy consumption to be minimum is an essential initial task, especially for large series productions. The proposed paper is dealing with the subject of moving the base of robot with respect to the application points so that an objective function representing the minimum time of motion during a cycle to be fulfilled.

The multiple scales of biodiversity

Paleobiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Badgley
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Uneven Sampling

The claim that measures of global biodiversity dynamics are meaningless is based upon several methodological problems, including underrepresentation of tropical regions in “global” Phanerozoic data sets, inaccuracies in taxonomic data, non-equivalence of higher taxa among groups of organisms, and uneven sampling intensity across groups, environments, and time intervals. Some of these problems are inherent in the fossil record, whereas others lie in documentation and interpretation of the subject. But the subject of global biodiversity is perfectly legitimate, even if problems persist in evaluating its full history. Moreover, recognition of the methodological problems has resulted in notable improvements in the Phanerozoic diversity database (e.g., Adrain and Westrop 2000; Alroy et al. 2001).

scholarly journals High-Fidelity Perceptual Long-Term Memory Revisited—and Confirmed

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Magnussen ◽  
Mark W. Greenlee ◽  
Per Matti Aslaksen ◽  
Ole Øystein Kildebo
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Attributes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criterion Setting ◽  
Method Of Constant Stimuli

Experiments on short-term perceptual memory for elemental visual attributes, such as contrast, motion, orientation, and spatial frequency, have relied on a delayed discrimination technique in which the subject compares two stimuli presented at different points in time and memory is indexed by discrimination thresholds measured for the different time intervals between reference and test. In a variant of this procedure, used in experiments on long-term memory, the presentation of a single reference is followed by a memory test that combines two-alternative forced-choice decisions with the method of constant stimuli. With this procedure, it is impossible to distinguish the effects of criterion-setting processes and memory on performance, but this confound can be eliminated by testing many subjects and having each subject make a single decision. The resulting “group thresholds” are stable across time intervals of 24 hr, confirming previous findings of high-fidelity storage in the long-term memory range.

Analysis of Temporal Suppression Mechanism in Binocular Rivalry

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Sohmiya ◽  
Kazuko Sohmiya
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Test Pattern ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Suppression Mechanism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

A method for analyzing the temporal suppression mechanism in binocular rivalry is described. A test pattern was presented to one eye and a suppressing pattern to the other eye after varying time intervals. The subject was instructed to report the frequency of nonsuppression phases of the test pattern immediately after presentation of the suppressing pattern. Analysis indicated that the test pattern was never suppressed at the 0-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony and the nonsuppression probabilities decreased as the onset asynchrony increased. Moreover, resistivity to contralateral suppression was greater when the test pattern was projected to the dominant eye.

scholarly journals METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING EXPLANATIONS FOR RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS BASED ON THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF USER PREFERENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Serhii Chalyi ◽  
Volodymyr Leshchynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Estimate ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
System A ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of constructing explanations for recommendations in situations of cold start and shilling attacks is considered. The first situation is characterized by incomplete information about the user's preferences, and the second is characterized by a distortion of the ratings of items in the recommendation system. A method for constructing explanations for the recommended list of subjects is proposed. The method uses weighted temporal dependencies to form explanations. Each such dependence reflects a change in sales of goods for two non-contiguous time intervals. These intervals are set according to a given level of detail of time, for example, day, week, month. The input is presented by a sales journal with time stamps. The method includes the steps of forming temporal rules, calculating the weights of the rules, building explanations. The weights of the rules reflect the degree of change in sales for a pair of intervals. The result of the method is a recommendation in the form of a numerical estimate of the change in user preferences with respect to the subject in the recommendation. The proposed method allows to increase sales efficiency due to the active selection of items by the user based on the explanations received

scholarly journals CRYSTALLINE ADMIXTURES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Pazderka ◽  
Eva Hájková
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

There have been many experimental measurements of the waterproofing ability and durability of concrete with a crystalline admixture, but some other important properties have not been reliably tested yet. The results of the tests, carried out by the authors, showed that crystalline admixtures reduce the water vapor permeability of concrete by 16-20 %. The authors also carried out the water pressure test in different time intervals, during the initial phase of cement hydration. The test results have shown that the full waterproofing effect of concrete with a crystalline admixture is available approximately on the 12th day after the concrete creation. The crystalline admixture effect on the compressive strength of concrete was also the subject of the testing. The results have shown that the compressive strength of the concrete with a crystalline admixture (added in an amount of 2 %) and the compressive strength of the specimens from concrete without admixture were almost identical after 28 days.

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