Time Estimation and Juvenile Delinquency

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Carrillo-De-La-Peña ◽  
M. A. Luengo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Delinquent Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

Certain empirical evidence suggests that subjects prone to delinquent activity may have faster internal clocks than others. To investigate the relationship between antisocial behavior and time perception and its dependence on the experimental time interval and method and on whether the subject is institutionalized we obtained verbal and production estimates of 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-sec. intervals from 249 adolescents (156 school attenders and 93 institutionalized subjects) classified into 3 groups according to the intensity of their antisocial activity. Results provide no support for the hypothesis that overestimation of short time intervals is associated with either juvenile delinquency or institutionalization.

scholarly journals Confabulations on Time: Relationship between Confabulations and Timing Deviations in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Frank Larøi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Verbal Estimation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives We investigated the relationship between confabulations and the ability to process chronological characteristics of memories in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods We evaluated provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, and time perception in 31 AD patients. We evaluated provoked confabulations with questions probing general and personal knowledge. We evaluated spontaneous confabulations with a scale rated by nursing and medical staff. Regarding time perception, we invited the participants to perform a simple ongoing activity (i.e., deciding whether words were abstract or concrete), in order to provide a verbal estimation of the elapsed time intervals. Results We observed significant positive correlations between provoked/spontaneous confabulations and deviations in time estimation on the time perception task. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a relationship between confabulations in AD and difficulties in processing the chronological characteristics of elapsed events.

scholarly journals Small fluctuations in the density and thickness of a dry firn column

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (154) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Wingham
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is of practical importance to have a description on time-scales of 1–100 years of the relationship between the mass imbalance of an ice sheet and its rate of change of thickness. In this paper, a linearized treatment of the relationship is described. Closed-form expressions are derived that relate the time-variant density in an isothermal firn layer to the fluctuations in accumulation rate and density that occur at the surface. These expressions are used to provide a spectral description of the contribution of surface accumulation and surface density fluctuations to the rate of change of thickness of an ice sheet. Using these, the contribution of firn densification to the variability of ice-sheet thickness is examined as a function of the time interval over which the ice sheet is observed. This contribution is illustrated for sites in Antarctica and Greenland. It is concluded that it is important to give greater attention than hitherto to the spatial scale of accumulation fluctuations if satellite observations of ice-sheet elevation change are to be used to estimate ice-sheet imbalance over short time intervals.

Learning and Retention in the Estimation of Short Time Intervals: A Circuit and a Study

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Response Feedback ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Feedback Phase

An investigation of the temporal course of learning and retention in the estimation of short time intervals is reported. In addition, a versatile response feedback circuit used in this investigation and appropriate for other studies concerned with time estimation or delayed responding is described. The experimental design was a 6 time intervals (1½, 3, 4½, 6, 7½, and 9 sec.) by 6 Ss balanced Latin square in which 6 adult female Ss made 10 pre-feedback, 25 feedback, and 15 post-feedback time estimates by terminating a 500-cps stimulus tone when they judged it to have been on for a certain time interval. Feedback consisted of informing S if she had responded too soon, too late, or at the correct time. Analysis of the 1800 absolute differences in milliseconds between real and estimated interval gave the following results. (1) During the pre-feedback phase, there was a moderate negative relationship between accuracy of time estimation and duration of interval estimated. (2) Accuracy of estimation improved on the trial following the first feedback trial, but little further improvement during the feedback phase was noted. (3) Amount of improvement in accuracy of estimation with feedback had a moderate negative relationship to duration of interval estimated. (4) Accuracy of estimation declined rather rapidly during the post-feedback phase. Some implications of these findings and suggestions for further research are presented.

Time Estimation by Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients: A Methodological Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Tysk
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Verbal Estimation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Short Time

Three different methods were used to investigate the perception of short time intervals by 60 healthy subjects and a pilot group of 15 schizophrenic patients. The usefulness of metronome adjustment, verbal estimation, and operative estimation was evaluated. Estimation of longer time intervals was also studied. The influence of age, sex, oral temperature, and pulse rate was assessed. Earlier findings that schizophrenic subjects tend to overestimate short time intervals were supported by data from all three methods. Operative estimation—the subject's production of a requested time interval—could possibly best discriminate between the two groups. Estimation of longer time intervals did not differ significantly for the two groups.

A New Illusion of Time Perception

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Gert Ten Hoopen ◽  
René Van Der Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Common Marker ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Empty Time Interval ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Empty Time

When two very short time intervals are presented serially by sound markers (in such a way that they share a common marker) the subject's duration judgments of the second time interval can be affected by the duration of the first interval. Such a conspicuous effect has not been reported in the literature. Standard empty time intervals of 120, 240, 480, and 720 msec were preceded by a neighboring empty time interval of various physical durations, and subjects adjusted a comparison empty time interval to the same subjective duration as these standards. We found clear underestimations of the standard duration when its physical duration was 120 msec. For example, when the preceding duration was 45 msec, the relative underestimation was about 40%. Because such a stable and remarkable underestimation appeared in a very simple situation, this phenomenon may be called a new illusion. Such an illusion did not appear when the time interval to be judged was succeeded by another time interval. At present we cannot explain the illusion, but in the general discussion we attempt to relate it to some findings in rhythm perception.

scholarly journals Neural Network Approach for Global Solar Irradiance Prediction at Extremely Short-Time-Intervals Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aljanad ◽  
Nadia M. L. Tan ◽  
Vassilios G. Agelidis ◽  
Hussain Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Short Time

Hourly global solar irradiance (GSR) data are required for sizing, planning, and modeling of solar photovoltaic farms. However, operating and controlling such farms exposed to varying environmental conditions, such as fast passing clouds, necessitates GSR data to be available for very short time intervals. Classical backpropagation neural networks do not perform satisfactorily when predicting parameters within short intervals. This paper proposes a hybrid backpropagation neural networks based on particle swarm optimization. The particle swarm algorithm is used as an optimization algorithm within the backpropagation neural networks to optimize the number of hidden layers and neurons used and its learning rate. The proposed model can be used as a reliable model in predicting changes in the solar irradiance during short time interval in tropical regions such as Malaysia and other regions. Actual global solar irradiance data of 5-s and 1-min intervals, recorded by weather stations, are applied to train and test the proposed algorithm. Moreover, to ensure the adaptability and robustness of the proposed technique, two different cases are evaluated using 1-day and 3-days profiles, for two different time intervals of 1-min and 5-s each. A set of statistical error indices have been introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. From the results obtained, the 3-days profile’s performance evaluation of the BPNN-PSO are 1.7078 of RMSE, 0.7537 of MAE, 0.0292 of MSE, and 31.4348 of MAPE (%), at 5-s time interval, where the obtained results of 1-min interval are 0.6566 of RMSE, 0.2754 of MAE, 0.0043 of MSE, and 1.4732 of MAPE (%). The results revealed that proposed model outperformed the standalone backpropagation neural networks method in predicting global solar irradiance values for extremely short-time intervals. In addition to that, the proposed model exhibited high level of predictability compared to other existing models.

scholarly journals Optimal Perturbations of an Oceanic Vortex Lens

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Meunier ◽  
Claire Ménesguen ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Sylvie Le Gentil ◽  
Richard Schopp
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Azimuthal Wave ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

The stability properties of a vortex lens are studied in the quasi geostrophic (QG) framework using the generalized stability theory. Optimal perturbations are obtained using a tangent linear QG model and its adjoint. Their fine-scale spatial structures are studied in details. Growth rates of optimal perturbations are shown to be extremely sensitive to the time interval of optimization: The most unstable perturbations are found for time intervals of about 3 days, while the growth rates continuously decrease towards the most unstable normal mode, which is reached after about 170 days. The horizontal structure of the optimal perturbations consists of an intense counter-shear spiralling. It is also extremely sensitive to time interval: for short time intervals, the optimal perturbations are made of a broad spectrum of high azimuthal wave numbers. As the time interval increases, only low azimuthal wave numbers are found. The vertical structures of optimal perturbations exhibit strong layering associated with high vertical wave numbers whatever the time interval. However, the latter parameter plays an important role in the width of the vertical spectrum of the perturbation: short time interval perturbations have a narrow vertical spectrum while long time interval perturbations show a broad range of vertical scales. Optimal perturbations were set as initial perturbations of the vortex lens in a fully non linear QG model. It appears that for short time intervals, the perturbations decay after an initial transient growth, while for longer time intervals, the optimal perturbation keeps on growing, quickly leading to a non-linear regime or exciting lower azimuthal modes, consistent with normal mode instability. Very long time intervals simply behave like the most unstable normal mode. The possible impact of optimal perturbations on layering is also discussed.

scholarly journals Hubungan Perilaku Perdagangan Investor Dengan Volume Perdagangan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazali Syamni
Keyword(s):  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Order Pattern ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the relationship of behavior trading investor using data detailed transaction history-corporate edition demand and order history in Indonesia Stock Exchange during period of March, April and May 2005. Peculiarly, behavior placing of investor order at trading volume. The result of this paper indicates that trading volume order pattern to have pattern U shape. The pattern happened that investors have strong desires to places order at the opening and close of compared to in trading periods. While the largest orders are of market at the opening indicates that investor is more conservatively when opening, where many orders when opening has not happened transaction to match. In placing order both of investor does similar strategy. By definition, informed investors’ orders more large than uninformed investors. If comparison of order examined hence both investors behavior relatively changes over time. But, statistically shows there is not ratio significant. This implies behavior trading of informed investors and uninformed investors stable relative over time. The result from regression analysis indicates that informed investors to correlate at trading volume in all time intervals, but not all uninformed investors correlates in every time interval. This imply investor order inform is more can explain trading volume pattern compared to uninformed investor order in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Finally, result of regression also finds that order status match has greater role determines trading volume pattern intraday especially informed buy match and informed sale match. While amend, open and withdraw unable to have role to determine intraday trading volume pattern.

scholarly journals The ages of zone of proximal development for retrospective time assessment and anticipation of time event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Portnova ◽  
A. B. Rebreikina ◽  
O.V. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Assessment

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the ability of children aged 5–14 years old (preschoolers, primary schoolers, and preteens) to assess and anticipate time intervals. 287 Russian children aged 5–14 years old and 26 adults of control group participated in our study. The neuropsychological assessment, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and a battery of time-related tests were applied. All groups of children overestimated the event’s duration, although the accuracy of the second estimations increased among the participants aged 6–8 years after a prompt was offered. A zone of proximal development for time anticipation task was detected for children aged 9-11 years, when the prompt could significantly improve the accuracy of time perception. The participants overestimated the duration of both upcoming and past events, with the degree of overestimation being found to be negatively correlated with age. Further, a higher degree of accuracy in terms of time estimation was found to be correlated with higher scores on the attention and memory tests, and accuracy of time anticipation was associated with scores of praxis test.

Active Optimum Control of Orthotropic Plates Using Piezoelectric Stiffeners

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Birman ◽  
Sarp Adali
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Orthotropic Plates ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Control Forces ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Alternating Voltage ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Active control of orthotropic plates subjected to an impulse loading is considered. The dynamic response is minimized using in-plane forces or bending moments induced by piezoelectric stiffeners bonded to the opposite surfaces of the plate and placed symmetrically with respect to the middle plane. The control forces and moments are activated by a piece-wise constant alternating voltage with varying switch-over time intervals. The magnitude of voltage is bounded while the switch-over time intervals are constantly adjusted to achieve an optimum control. Numerical examples presented in the paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and the possibility of reducing the vibrations to very small amplitudes within a short time interval which is in the order of a second.

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