Factors Influencing the Measurement of Slipperiness

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Velocity Effect

The evaluation and prevention of slips and falls require methods of quantifying the slipperiness of floors. The concept of coefficient of friction (COF) has been and continues to be commonly used as one such method. The objective of this paper is to present some results from investigations into the effects of vertical force and velocity on COF measures for different types of floors. Tests involving both static COF (SCOF) and dynamic COF (DCOF) measurements were performed under various conditions. It was found that the SCOF changed as a function of the vertical force used. Generally, the SCOF increased as the vertical force was increased. This was not true, however, for tile floors. It was also found that there was a significant first order interaction effect on the SCOF between vertical weight and the condition of the floor (wet or dry). The dynamic tests showed that velocity of the shoe material with respect to the floor had a large effect on the DCOF values obtained. The velocity effect was dependent on the shoe material and the conditions tested. Possible reasons for these findings and ramifications on slip testing are presented.

Post-Non-Classical World View in the On-Screen Reality of the Digital Epoch

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Elena V. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Dynamic Chaos ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
First Order ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strange Loops ◽  
Cultural World

The article analyzes the correlation between the screen reality and the first-order reality in the digital culture. Specific concepts of the scientific paradigm of the late 20th century are considered as constituent principles of the on-screen reality of the digital epoch. The study proves that the post-non-classical cultural world view, emerging from the dynamic “chaos” of informational and semantic rows of TV programs and cinematographic narrations, is of a fractal nature. The article investigates different types of fractality of the TV content and film plots, their inner and outer “strange loops” and artistic interpretations of the “butterfly effect”.

Quantitative Models of Motor Responses Subject to Longitudinal, Lateral, and Preview Constraints

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarald O. Kvålseth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Index Of Difficulty

First- and second-order linear models of mean movement time for serial arm movements aimed at a target and subject to preview constraints and lateral constraints were formulated as extensions of the so-called Fitts's law of motor control. These models were validated on the basis of experimental data from five subjects and found to explain from 80% to 85% of the variation in movement time in the case of the first-order models and from 93% to 95% of such variation for the second-order models. Fitts's index of difficulty (ID) was generally found to contribute more to the movement time than did either the preview ID or the lateral ID defined. Of the different types of errors, target overshoots occurred far more frequently than undershoots.

A note on some factors influencing muscle pH values in commercial pig carcasses

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Smith ◽  
A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
First Order ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Pig Carcasses

ABSTRACTMeasurements of longissimus dorsi pH at 45 min post mortem (pH1) were taken in 27 727 pig carcasses at four bacon factories. The overall least squares mean pH1 was 6·26 and 15·5% of carcasses had pHi values of 5·9 or less. Sex and commercial grade of carcass had little influence on muscle pHi or the incidence of values below pH 6·0. Factory differences were recorded in the distribution of muscle and within each there were marked producer effects in mean and the incidence of values below pH 6·0. Carcasses of Large Whites had fewer muscle pH1 values below 6·0 (12·4%) than those of British Landrace (18·7%), this being mainly due to a large breed effect at one factory. Although breed and testing background of sires of the carcasses examined and the first order interactions with factory had significant effects on muscle pHi and the incidence of values below pH 6·0, they were of little practical significance.

scholarly journals МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ТЕРТЯ В ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Н. П. Супрун ◽  
М. Л. Рябчиков ◽  
І. О. Іванов
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Main Factors

Create a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the process of friction, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Modeling of friction process in textile materials as a combination of adhesive and elastic phenomena. Roughness of solid bodies and the main parameters of roughness, such as the height of micro-irregularities, their pitch, sharpening, etc. described in many standards and scientific papers. However, the modeling of the friction process in such systems is very complicated due to the irregularity of distribution of microroughness. The analysis of literature data showed that the surface roughness of textile materials is an important and effective factor in predicting the tactile properties of products for various purposes. Estimation of surface roughness is usually carried out using subjective and objective methods, and the latter can be contact and non-contact. The paper develops a model for determining the coefficient of friction of textile materials to identify the main factors influencing the friction process, taking into account the structural and mechanical properties of materials. Friction force is presented as a combination of two main factors. The first is the elastic resistance to deformation, the second is the adhesive resistance to compression of the structural elements of the material. The main parameters influencing the coefficient of friction of textile fabrics - modulus of elasticity of structural elements, their geometrical parameters - surface density of textile material, linear density of structural elements are established. The obtained results allow to qualitatively predict the friction forces of a textile material with known parameters of its structural elements, as well as to normalize these parameters to create materials with specified friction indices. The obtained results make it possible to select the threads that form the textile material, according to the values of the modulus of elasticity, thickness, location density to ensure the minimum friction force.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MOTHER IN CHILDHOOD IN FORMING A WOMAN'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS HER OWN MOTHERHOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sidorenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia Grisenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of such an important psychological phenomenon as an attitude of women to their own motherhood. It is summarizes the study of the problem of motherhood in psychological science in general. The article analyzes the problem of the influence of the relationship with the mother in childhood on the formation of a woman's attitude to her own motherhood in adult age. It is illuminates views of foreign and national researchers on the study of this phenomenon, as well as the essence of different areas of research on this phenomenon. Based on the theoretical analysis of the literature on this topic, the concept of "motherhood", its content and psychological essence is studied. Cultural-historical, biological, physiological and psychological aspects to the study of motherhood are singled out. The main content of scientific views on the formation of the phenomenon of motherhood is generalized. The main factors influencing the development of a woman's maternal sphere and the formation of the attitude to one's own motherhood are analyzed and considered. The content of such basic concepts as "mother's image" and "maternal relations" is revealed. The psychological features of the formation of an adequate image of the mother in the theoretical analysis of the ontogenesis of the maternal sphere are analyzed. The article also reveals the dynamics of motherhood in ontogenesis. The types of maternal relations and their role in the life of a mature woman are determined, as well as the influence of these relations on the formation of a woman's attitude to her own motherhood. The influence of different types of relationships between women and their own mothers on the level of formation of their attitude to personal motherhood has been empirically studied. Two groups of women were studied, one group had a positive relationship with their own mother, and the other had a negative one. In the course of the research the differences between different types of maternal relations and the level of formation of a woman's personal attitude to motherhood are singled out.

scholarly journals Exploring the change patterns in retirees’ psychological health using growth mixture modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Songhwa Doo ◽  
JaeYoon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Types

Using growth mixture modeling which tracks unobserved heterogeneity in population, the current study explored the change patterns of retirees’ psychological health and investigated factors influencing each developmental trajectory. Specifically, based on role theory, continuity theory, and resources theory, it was hypothesized that retirees would display three different types of psychological patterns: the maintaining, enhancing, and declining pattern. In order to test the above expectation, I adapted panel data of the Korean Retirement and Income Study including a total of 436 retirees who participated in survey every other year since 2005 to 2011. Results revealed that there are two distinct change patterns of retirees’ psychological health: the enhancing pattern and the declining pattern. Following was logistic regression analysis which investigated factors influencing each pattern. As a result, it was found that those with higher education and pre-retire satisfaction on health and economic status were more likely to display the enhancing pattern. On the other hand, those who retired late and retired due to health problems were more likely to display the declining pattern.

Resolution in type theory

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Type Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
First Order Logic ◽  
Higher Order Logic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Axiomatic Set Theory ◽  
Order Predicate Calculus

In [8] J. A. Robinson introduced a complete refutation procedure called resolution for first order predicate calculus. Resolution is based on ideas in Herbrand's Theorem, and provides a very convenient framework in which to search for a proof of a wff believed to be a theorem. Moreover, it has proved possible to formulate many refinements of resolution which are still complete but are more efficient, at least in many contexts. However, when efficiency is a prime consideration, the restriction to first order logic is unfortunate, since many statements of mathematics (and other disciplines) can be expressed more simply and naturally in higher order logic than in first order logic. Also, the fact that in higher order logic (as in many-sorted first order logic) there is an explicit syntactic distinction between expressions which denote different types of intuitive objects is of great value where matching is involved, since one is automatically prevented from trying to make certain inappropriate matches. (One may contrast this with the situation in which mathematical statements are expressed in the symbolism of axiomatic set theory.).

On the subsistence practices of the Shi’erqiao Culture: focused on zooarchaeology

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyu He
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractThrough the analyses of the number of identified specimens (NISP), minimum number of individuals (MNI) and estimation of meat available from the animal remains unearthed from representative sites of the Chengdu Plain Type and Eastern Chongqing Type of the Shi’erqiao Culture, this paper discusses the subsistence strategy of this culture. The results show that the meat resources of the Chengdu Plain Type were mainly domesticated animals, while those of the Eastern Chongqing Type were mainly hunted animals. This paper draws the conclusion that in the early stage of human civilization, the subsistence strategies of different types of the same archaeological culture might be different, while those of different archaeological cultures might be similar; the factors influencing the subsistence strategies are mainly the natural environment, regional economic traditions, and population pressures.

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