Age Effects in Biomechanical Modeling of Static Lifting Strengths

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don B. Chaffin ◽  
Charles B. Woolley ◽  
Trina Buhr ◽  
Lois Verbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Whole Body Exertion ◽  
Maximum Exertion

There is growing awareness that age results in reduced strengths in the population, and that significant decreases start in the 5th decade. The magnitude of the decrease in strength depends on the specific muscle function being tested. Because of differential effects it is not clear how various decreases could alter whole-body strength performance. This paper describes how specific strength decreases measured in an older population of men and women could affect their whole-body exertion capabilities in selected scenarios. A computerized strength prediction program is used to both predict the whole-body strength changes with age, and to study how older populations can alter their postures to achieve maximum exertion capability. The results indicate that different muscle group strengths decline by 5% to 70% with age, depending on which muscle group is tested. These changes have profound effects on whole-body exertion capabilities, which also are shown to depend on specific postures used to perform the exertions.

Isometric Strength Capability for a Vertical Wheel Turning Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Woldstad ◽  
Christopher J. Rockwell ◽  
Christian A. Johnson ◽  
Mark McMulkin ◽  
Paul B. McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Wheel Turning ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Maximum Exertion ◽  
Peak Value

This paper reports on the measured isometric strength capability of 125 male and 125 female college students performing a one-handed wheel turning task. Three measures of isometric strength were used: (1) a three-second average of steady state levels taken from a six-second exertion, (2) the largest value (peak) from the same six-second exertion, and (3) a maximum exertion level taken from a separate “ramp-to-peak” exertion. Standardized whole-body strength measurements for the legs, arms, and torso as well as grip strength were also taken for each subject. The results presented in this paper demonstrate average isometric wheel turning strengths (torques) ranging from 109 to 152 N-m for males and 66 to 91 N-m for females, depending upon the strength measure used. The three strength measures were highly correlated, but produced significantly different estimates of strength. The three-second average produced the lowest estimate while the ramp-peak value produced the highest. Wheel turning strengths were also highly correlated with the standardized whole-body strength measures and with grip strength. Multiple regression models developed to predict wheel turning strength using these values accounted for 69 to 71 percent of the variation in the measures. The model results also suggest that grip strength plays an important role in determining wheel turning strength capability.

Effect of pomegranate fruit supplementation on performance and various markers in athletes and active subjects: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alicja Urbaniak ◽  
Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

Abstract. The aim of the study was to review recent findings on the use of POM supplements in athletes of various disciplines and physically active participants. Eleven articles published between 2010 and 2018 were included, where the total number of investigated subjects was 176. Male participants constituted the majority of the group (n = 155), as compared to females (n = 21). 45% of research described was conducted on athletes, whereas the remaining studies were based on highly active participants. Randomised, crossover, double-blind study designs constituted the majority of the experimental designs used. POM supplementation varied in terms of form (pills/juice), dosage (50 ml–500 ml) and time of intervention (7 days–2 months) between studies. Among the reviewed articles, POM supplementation had an effect on the improvement of the following: whole body strength; feeling of vitality; acute and delayed muscle fatigue and soreness; increase in vessel diameter; blood flow and serum level of TAC; reduction in the rate of increase for HR, SBP, CK and LDH; support in the recovery of post-training CK, LDH, CRP and ASAT to their baseline levels; reduction of MMP2, MMP9, hsCRP and MDA; and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). In the majority of reviewed articles POM supplementation had a positive effect on a variety of parameters studied and the authors recommended it as a supplement for athletes and physically active bodies.

scholarly journals Modelling the Additivity of Perceived Exertion in Symmetric, Mid-Sagittal Lifting

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Repetitive Lifting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Whole Body Exertion ◽  
Lifting Task

Psychophysical approaches to quantifying perceived effort have been used to evaluate the physical demand of many industrial work activities. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between ratings of whole-body perceived exertion and differentiated, regional ratings of exertion. The Borg, CR-10 scale was used by 16 subjects performing a simulated repetitive lifting task. Ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for the arms, legs, torso, and central (cardiorespiratory) effort sensations as well as a rating of overall, whole-body exertion. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the whole-body rating of exertion from the differentiated ratings in lifting tasks using both a squat and stoop posture. In the stoop posture condition the coefficient of determination between whole-body perceived exertion and the model including arm, torso, and central ratings was R2=0.81. In the squat posture condition, the final regression model predicting whole-body exertion contained only the rating from the legs (R2 = 0.62). Differentiated ratings explained the majority of the variance in whole-body perceived exertion for squat and stoop lifting tasks.

The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Upper and Lower Body Strength in Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Chantelle C. Lachance ◽  
Kenji Kenno ◽  
Patricia L. Weir ◽  
Kelly M. Carr ◽  
Nancy McNevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

Vector representations of human strength in whole body exertion

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Pheasant ◽  
D.W. Grieve ◽  
T. Rubin ◽  
S.J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Vector Representations ◽  
Whole Body Exertion

scholarly journals Muscle co-contraction patterns in robot-mediated force field learning to guide specific muscle group training

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pizzamiglio ◽  
Adela Desowska ◽  
Pegah Shojaii ◽  
Myriam Taga ◽  
Duncan L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Specific Muscle

Strength-Training Periodization: No Effect on Swimming Performance in Well-Trained Adolescent Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Hannah Notbohm ◽  
Simon Bäcker ◽  
Jan Klocke ◽  
Stefan Fuhrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: To assess the effects of periodized versus nonperiodized dry-land strength training (DLST) on indices of swimming performance in well-trained adolescent swimmers. Methods: Sixteen athletes (10 boys and 6 girls; age 14.9 [1.1] y) performed similar endurance training for 16 weeks (29.1 [7.5] km·wk−1). During weeks 1 to 7, all athletes additionally performed 2 or 3 times weekly whole-body DLST (3 × 6–10 repetitions at 75–85% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]). Thereafter, the DLST frequency was maintained, but athletes were stratified into periodized (experimental, n = 9) and nonperiodized (control, n = 7) DLST groups. The experimental group performed maximal (3 × 3–4 repetitions at 85–90% 1RM) and explosive DLST (throws and unloaded jumps), while in the control group, DLST was maintained. Results: Swimming time at 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate improved after 7 weeks in both the experimental (+2.6% [1.8%], P = .033) and the control groups (+3.2% [2.4%], P = .081) and plateaued thereafter. Ten-meter start improved in both the experimental (−3.6% [2.5%], P = .039) and the control groups (−5.1% [2.2%], P = .054) throughout the entire intervention. Both groups improved in maximal weight lifted in half-squat (experimental, +19.6% [14.9%], P = .021; control, +25.7% [18.4%], P = .054) and bench press (experimental, +14.1% [4.8%], P = .018; control, +19.3% [11.1%], P = .051). Countermovement-jump height increased only in the experimental group throughout the intervention (+19.4% [7.0%], P = .024). The associations for the pooled changes in half-squat performance and 4 mmol·L−1 of blood lactate were statistically significant (r = .560, P = .024). Conclusions: The findings do not support the superior effects of DLST periodization in adolescent swimmers. However, the association between improvements in lower-body strength and swimming performance still indicates the importance of muscle strength in this age group.

scholarly journals Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez ◽  
Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido ◽  
Vicenç Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Joaquín Reverter-Masia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
The Impact

Whole-body electromyostiulation (WB-EMS) has experienced a boom in recent years, even though its effectiveness is controversial. A sedentary lifestyle is deeply rooted in the European population, mainly in the elderly. This experimental study analyzed the impact of WB-EMS on the physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre–post-test. Both groups conducted a ten-week aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group overlaid the WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, both groups improved upper and lower body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, and speed levels (pBonferroni < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed at upper and lower body strength, agility, speed, and cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.05). The WB-EMS group scored better agility than the control group at the end of the intervention (pBonferroni < 0.05) and was the only group that improved cardiovascular endurance. WB-EMS shows a favorable isolate effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.

Factors Correlated with Volleyball Spike Velocity

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Forthomme ◽  
Jean-Louis Croisier ◽  
Guido Ciccarone ◽  
Jean-Michel Crielaard ◽  
Marc Cloes
Keyword(s):  
Strength Performance ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Elbow Flexors And Extensors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Rotator

Background Spike effectiveness represents a determining element in volleyball. To compete at a high level, the player must, in particular, produce a spike characterized by a high ball velocity. Hypothesis Some muscular and physical features could influence ball velocity during the volleyball spike. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods A total of 19 male volleyball players from the 2 highest Belgian national divisions underwent an isokinetic assessment of the dominant shoulder and elbow. Ball velocity performance (radar gun) during a spike test, morphological feature, and jump capacity (ergo jump) of the player were measured. We tested the relationship between the isokinetic parameters or physical features and field performances represented by spike velocity. We also compared first-division and second-division player data. Results Spike velocity correlated significantly with strength performance of the dominant shoulder (internal rotators) and of the dominant elbow (flexors and extensors) in the concentric mode. Negative correlations were established with the concentric external rotator on internal rotator ratio at 400 deg/s and with the mixed ratio (external rotator at 60 deg/s in the eccentric mode on internal rotator at 240 deg/s in the concentric mode). Positive correlations appeared with both the volleyball players’ jump capacity and body mass index. First-division players differed from second-division players by higher ball velocity and increased jump capacity. Conclusion Some specific strength and physical characteristics correlated significantly with spike performance in high-level volleyball practice. Clinical Relevance Our results could provide useful information for training management and propose some reflections on injury prevention.

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