Life Stress and Performance Impairment: The Role of Off-Task Thinking

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 873-877
Author(s):  
Kitty Klein
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Performance Impairment ◽  
Verbal Problem ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In previous research (Baradell & Klein, 1993; Klein & Barnes, 1994) self-focused attention has moderated the relationship of life stress and verbal problem solving. Stressed individuals highly aware of internal bodily changes made the most errors and used the least effective strategies. How life stress affects information processing on such tasks has not been investigated. In theories (e. g. Humphreys & Revelle, 1984; Eysenck, 1992) that relate personality variables to cognitive processes, off-task thinking is presumed to mediate the relationship between individual differences and performance. In the present study, 35 students who varied in life stress and self-focus solved complex verbal analogies. The results indicated that high levels of stress and self-focus were related to off-task thinking and that off-task thinking was negatively related to performance. However, regression analyses did not support a mediating role for off-task thinking. Rather, off-task thinking may result from poor performance, rather than vice-versa as is assumed in current models.

MODELLING THE TRILOGY OF INNOVATION, LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Gustina Pane ◽  
Dileep Kumar M ◽  
Muhammad Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, organizations are looking the ways to enhance their performance through innovation and learning. Most organizations are enhancing innovation to increase performance and to get a competitive advantage. However, very few studies are focused to investigate the role of organizational learning in the context of organizational innovation and performance. Current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of organizational learning between the relationship of the organizational innovation and performance. A random sample of 212 employees of the banking sector was selected to collect data. Results indicated that organizational learning significantly mediates the relationship of the organizational innovation and performance. Thus, a study was conducted to assess the presence of organizational learning can enhance the organizational performance in the presence of organizational innovation. 

Effects of Self-Verbalizations upon Emotional Arousal and Performance: A Test of Rational-Emotive Theory

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Bonadies ◽  
Barry A. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

As a test of rational-emotive theory, the idea that our beliefs influence our emotions and subsequent overt behavior, 36 undergraduate women were presented rational, irrational, or neutral statements prior to and regarding their performance of a perceptual-motor task. Palmar skin resistance responses (SRRs) and forearm extensor muscle-action potentials (MAPs) were recorded to assess the relationship of covert self-verbalizations (generated by rehearsed statements), emotional or physiological arousal, and behavioral efficiency in task performance. Ellis hypothesized that rational self-verbalizations lead to optimal arousal and superior performance while irrational self-verbalizations lead to over-arousal and subsequent poor performance. Subjects given rational statements reduced mirror-star tracing errors more quickly than did subjects given neutral and irrational statements. Self-verbalization groups were not distinguished by electrodermal measures. MAP measures were in the direction predicted by rational-emotive theory. Results provided information about the form of the relationship of self-verbalizations, physiological arousal, and performance.

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

Commentary on Chaplain-Physician Interactions From the Chaplain’s Perspective: A Mixed Method Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110030
Author(s):  
Rev George Handzo ◽  
Rev Brian Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Health System ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Optimal Patient Care ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Analysis

Gomez and her colleagues have presented a helpful study of the relationship of the chaplains in her health system to physicians which highlights several barriers to a well-integrated relationship and thus to more optimal patient care. We have seen these same barriers as we have consulted with health systems nationally and have also identified many best practices that mediate or even eliminate many of these barriers. This commentary describes some of what we have seen as chaplain-generated causes of those barriers and effective strategies that have been employed to overcome them. We also provide some resources for chaplains who wish to institute some of these best practices themselves.

SET UP FOR GROWTH? — AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF GROWTH INTENTION AND BUSINESS MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1540009 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH MAHDJOUR
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

What do growth-oriented business models look like? While several economic theories, such as the theory of the firm, are based on the assumption that firms aim to maximise their profits, past research has shown that growth intention is heterogeneous among firms and that many business owners prefer to keep their firm at a size that they can manage with few resources. This paper explores the relationship of growth intention and business models, based on a sample of 135 German ICT businesses. Following an exploratory approach, Mann–Whitney U tests are applied to analyse how different business model designs correspond with different levels of growth intention. The results indicate that growth intention relates to business owners’ decisions regarding the provision of consulting services, the level of standardisation in offered products and services, the choice of addressed markets, the implementation of competitive strategies based on cost efficiency and of revenue streams based on one-time- and performance-based payments. Furthermore, the results show that growth oriented firms are no more likely than non-growth oriented firms to adapt their business models dynamically to changed internal or external conditions.

The dimensional linkage between public service motivation and innovative behavior in public sector institutions; the mediating role of psychological empowerment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim Rafique ◽  
Yumei Hou ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zahid Chudhery ◽  
Nida Gull ◽  
Syed Jameel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeInnovations are imperative for organizational growth and sustainability. This study focuses on the employees' innovative behavior, a source of organizational innovations, which has received substantial attention from the researchers. Based on the psychological empowerment theory, the study exposes the effect of the various dimensions of public service motivation (PSM) on employees' innovative behavior (IB) in public sector institutions especially in the context of developing countries such as Pakistan. Moreover, the study also investigates the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PSE) between the dimensions of PSM and IB.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the cross-sectional research design. By using random sampling, the adapted survey questionnaires were used to collect data from 346 faculty members of public sector universities located in provincial capitals of Pakistan. A partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) tool was used to assess the proposed hypotheses through SMART-PLS software.FindingsResults revealed that attraction to policymaking (APM), compassion (COM), self-sacrifice (SS) have a significant impact on employees' PSE and their innovative behavior, while the relationship of commitment to the public interest (CPI) with PSE and IB was found insignificant. Moreover, PSE partially mediated the relationship between PSM dimensions and employees' IB.Originality/valueThere was a scarcity of research on IB especially in public sector institutions such as academia. This study theoretically contributed to the literature by providing a refined picture in assessing the proposed relationship of the constructs. This is also one of the original studies that examine the relationship between the dimensions of PSM and IB.

Van rechtvaardigheid naar uitputting en bevlogenheid

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Verboon ◽  
Klaas Schakel ◽  
Karen van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Group Engagement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

From justice to exhaustion and engagement. The role of affective commitment to the organization From justice to exhaustion and engagement. The role of affective commitment to the organization In two studies the relationship between perceived organizational justice and emotional exhaustion and engagement was studied. Especially, the role of affective commitment to the organization in this relationship was examined. According to the group engagement model of Tyler and Blader (2003), procedural justice will result in positive behavior and attitudes because it increases commitment to the organization, thus implying that affective commitment mediates the relationship of justice with exhaustion and engagement. Conversely, Glazer and Kruse (2008) argue that a strong commitment to the organization can mitigate the effect of stressors, like injustice perceptions, on exhaustion and engagement, implying a moderating effect of commitment. These models were tested in two samples with employees working in a police organization. Both studies supported the mediating role of commitment; no evidence was found for a moderating role of commitment. The implication of these outcomes and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Organizational Support for Professionalism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Noviana Norrohmat ◽  
Umar Nimran ◽  
Kusdi Raharjo ◽  
Hamidah Nayati Utami ◽  
Endang Siti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational support for professionalism that has never been done before. The research approach is to conceptualize the structure of the relationship of variables from a study. Verification research is to test the hypothesis through data collection in the field using two methods, namely descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The use of both methods aims to analyze the causality relationship between research variables in accordance with the hypothesis quantitatively. There is significant influence between the variables of organizational support to professional variables. However, different results are found on the influence of organizational support variables on OCB and performance that have no significant effect. There is also an indirect influence between organizational support variables on OCB and performance through intermediary intervening professionalism variables. The difference between this research and the previous research are the use of constructs and the measurement in the unit of analysis being used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document