Effects of Speech Intelligibility, Morphological Confusions, and Redundancy on Task Performance

Speech is a vital means of communication for completing many tasks. The speech intelligibility needed for successful communication may be degraded by ambient noise levels, poor communication equipment, or hearing impairments. The present research tested the impact of speech message content on task performance under conditions of degraded speech intelligibility. Sixteen subjects participated in a laboratory experiment using on a board game. Message redundancy, morphological confusions, and speech intelligibility were varied. Task performance and subjective workload were measured. Morphological confusions adversely affected performance (both speed and accuracy) and subjective workload (SWAT) to an increasingly greater extent as speech intelligibility decreased. High redundancy improved the accuracy of performance and subjective workload when speech intelligibility decreased; however, high redundant messages were longer and required more time to process than low redundant messages. These results extend earlier work which measured the impact of morphological confusions and redundancy on speech intelligibility itself to the measurement of their impact on performance. Implications for the development of message content guidelines and their impact on performance are discussed.

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Communication between Crews: The Effects of Speech Intelligibility on Team Performance

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129303700925 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 630-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leslie A. Whitaker ◽

Starr L. Fox ◽

Leslie J. Peters

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Team Performance ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Speech Communication ◽

Test Bed ◽

Radio Communication ◽

Communication Structure ◽

Complex Tasks ◽

Transmission Factors ◽

The Impact

Speech is a critical method of communication among group members while they are trying to accomplish a task. The present research program is designed to determine the impact of speech communication on performing a variety of communication-intensive tasks. A model describing performance as a function of auditory workload has guided this research. This model states that transmission, linguistic, and individual factors each contribute to auditory workload and hence influence task performance. The current study focused on two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure. Previous work in this program has reported the performance of two- or three-person crews operating alone to accomplish various tasks. The present study examined the team performance of two crews operating interactively to accomplish more complex tasks. Speech intelligibility was varied from 100% to 25% and was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Twelve crews were tested at the Closed Combat Test Bed using M1A2 tank simulators. The results of this study are consistent with those predicted by the auditory workload model; decrements in task performance occur at higher levels of intelligibility for more complex tasks than for less complex tasks. In addition to the task performance measured in this study, verbal protocols taken from recorded transcripts were coded as evidence of the changes in communication structure when speech intelligibility is varied. The implications of these findings for communication using cellular telephones and radio communication are discussed.

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Modeling Operational Criteria for Evaluating Speech Communication

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129403801714 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 (17) ◽

pp. 1135-1139

Author(s):

Leslie A. Whitaker ◽

Leslie J. Peters

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Electronic Circuit ◽

Speech Communication ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Test And Evaluation ◽

Degraded Speech ◽

Research Findings ◽

Operational Criteria ◽

The Impact

Thesis: Evaluation of systems can be conducted best under controlled circumstances which approximate operational conditions. In the present paper, we have examined this thesis as it applies to the test and evaluation of multi-person systems. Our specific focus has been the development of a conceptual model of speech communication requirements and the study of the impact of degraded speech intelligibility on performance of these multi-person systems. To obtain the control necessary to evaluate performance using speech intelligibility, an electronic circuit was developed and employed in a series of simulated tests of operational tasks. The application of these research findings to the task of system test and evaluation is described in the present paper.

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Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders ◽

10.1044/ssod18.1.31 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David J. Zajac

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Current Practice ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Behavioral Management ◽

Single Word ◽

Future Directions ◽

Speech Science ◽

The Impact ◽

Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

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The effect of intervening task performance on subjective workload ratings

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e574172012-004 ◽

1984 ◽

Author(s):

F. Thomas Eggemeier ◽

Brian E. Melville ◽

Mark S. Crabtree

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Subjective Workload

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The Impact of Leader's Intellectual Stimulation and Job Innovativeness on the Absorptive Capacity, Creative Behavior, and Task Performance

Productivity Review ◽

10.15843/kpapr.26.3.201209.287 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 287-317

Author(s):

김정식

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Intellectual Stimulation ◽

Creative Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

And Task

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The Impact of Environmental Stress on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720819839817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1205-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kristy Martin ◽

Emily McLeod ◽

Julien Périard ◽

Ben Rattray ◽

Richard Keegan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Task Performance ◽

Sea Level ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Healthy Human ◽

The Impact

Objective: In this review, we detail the impact of environmental stress on cognitive and military task performance and highlight any individual characteristics or interventions which may mitigate any negative effect. Background: Military personnel are often deployed in regions markedly different from their own, experiencing hot days, cold nights, and trips both above and below sea level. In spite of these stressors, high-level cognitive and operational performance must be maintained. Method: A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to September 2018. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort, an outcome of cognition or military task performance and assessment of an environmental condition. Results: The search returned 113,850 records, of which 124 were included in the systematic review. Thirty-one studies examined the impact of heat stress on cognition; 20 of cold stress; 59 of altitude exposure; and 18 of being below sea level. Conclusion: The severity and duration of exposure to the environmental stressor affects the degree to which cognitive performance can be impaired, as does the complexity of the cognitive task and the skill or familiarity of the individual performing the task. Application: Strategies to improve cognitive performance in extreme environmental conditions should focus on reducing the magnitude of the physiological and perceptual disturbance caused by the stressor. Strategies may include acclimatization and habituation, being well skilled on the task, and reducing sensations of thermal stress with approaches such as head and neck cooling.

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The impact of predictability on dual-task performance and implications for resource-sharing accounts

Cognitive Research Principles and Implications ◽

10.1186/s41235-020-00267-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Broeker ◽

Harald Ewolds ◽

Rita F. de Oliveira ◽

Stefan Künzell ◽

Markus Raab

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Task Performance ◽

Dual Task ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Visual Information ◽

Allocation Policy ◽

Capacity Sharing ◽

Dual Task Performance ◽

Sound Sequence ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of predictability on dual-task performance by systematically manipulating predictability in either one of two tasks, as well as between tasks. According to capacity-sharing accounts of multitasking, assuming a general pool of resources two tasks can draw upon, predictability should reduce the need for resources and allow more resources to be used by the other task. However, it is currently not well understood what drives resource-allocation policy in dual tasks and which resource allocation policies participants pursue. We used a continuous tracking task together with an audiomotor task and manipulated advance visual information about the tracking path in the first experiment and a sound sequence in the second experiments (2a/b). Results show that performance predominantly improved in the predictable task but not in the unpredictable task, suggesting that participants did not invest more resources into the unpredictable task. One possible explanation was that the re-investment of resources into another task requires some relationship between the tasks. Therefore, in the third experiment, we covaried the two tasks by having sounds 250 ms before turning points in the tracking curve. This enabled participants to improve performance in both tasks, suggesting that resources were shared better between tasks.

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Heuristic and systematic processing differentially influence the effects of scientific consensus messaging on perceived scientific consensus

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-020-01275-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keiichi Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Message Content ◽

Presentation Style ◽

Scientific Consensus ◽

Gm Food ◽

Gm Foods ◽

Systematic Processing ◽

Content Evaluation ◽

Consensus Information ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of scientific consensus messaging on perceived scientific consensus in terms of heuristic and systematic processing. Japanese undergraduates (N = 226) received a message indicating relatively moderate and high levels of scientific consensus on the safety of foods grown with pesticides and genetically modified (GM) foods. Participants in the presentation-style evaluation condition evaluated the style and manner of providing the message and thereby were encouraged to heuristically process information about scientific consensus in the message. Participants in the content evaluation condition evaluated the message content and therefore could process the information systematically. After evaluating the message, participants’ perceptions of scientific consensus improved. The levels of posteriorly perceived scientific consensus were higher for the presentation-style evaluation condition than for the content evaluation condition. Participants’ initial beliefs about the GM-food safety predicted their posterior perceptions of scientific consensus for the content evaluation condition but not for the presentation-style evaluation condition. These results suggest that the heuristic and systematic processing of scientific consensus information differentially influence the impact of scientific consensus messaging.

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