Instructional Treatments, Advance Organizers and Novice Performance on a Telecommunications Network

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1462-1465
Author(s):  
Janice Langan-Fox ◽  
Jennifer Waycott
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Advance Organizers ◽  
Advance Organizer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Telecommunications Network ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Low Ability

Recent advances in technologies designed for general population use (eg. autobank, mobile phone, video recorder) necessitate users to acquire information quickly and easily, about how a particular device should be oeprated. However it is often the case that technological devices and accompanying instructions, are not ‘user-friendly’, and are difficult to operate for ‘lay learners’, since learning must often occur individually, without verbal instruction, or assistance from experts or teachers. The current study set out to investigate the usability of a mobile phone network in an experiment lasting 4 hours with 94 student participants. It aimed to investigate (a) how advance organizers might affect performance and (b) the interaction between cognitive ability and effects of advance organizers. Participants were allocated to three experimental conditions: control, ‘text’ advance organizer, and ‘graphic’ advance organizer. Results showed that the ‘text’ group performed better than the ‘graphic’ group, and that as predicted, both advance organizer groups performed better than the control group. Further, low ability groups (associative memory and verbal reasoning) performed better in advance organizer groups, especially the text condition, than the control group suggesting that the effect of an advance organizer can ameliorate the influence of low ability, on performance. High ability groups were relatively unaffected by the influence of advance organizers. Further research is needed with common technological devices, into the effects of advance organizers on different ability groups amongst the population at large.

scholarly journals The use of streptomycin (dihydrostreptomycin sulfate) in the treatment of fowl coryza or "moquillo"

1969 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
J. D. Rivera-Anaya ◽  
J. Martínez de Jesús ◽  
R. Orlandi
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

We are of the opinion that the use of streptomycin injections is definitely benefitial in controlling infectious coryza of chickens. Seventy of the seventy-eight infected, untreated control birds did not recover from coryza; 10 of these control birds died from coryza infection during the observation periods; 8 birds in the control group made an apparently spontaneous recovery for which we have no valid explanation. Whereas any treatment with streptomycin injection proved better than no treatment, the lowest dose used in these trials, i.e., 0.05 gm. subcutaneously per bird, did not seem to be effective in a large proportion of the birds treated under our experimental conditions. A single 0.10-gm. dose of streptomycin per bird proved to be more effective in curing and checking coryza than the 0.05-gm. dose. The effectiveness of the 0.10-gm. dose used subcutaneously, varied from 12.5 to 37.5 percent when the coryza-infected birds were kept in batteries in the presence of infected, untreated controls. When the single 0.10-gm. dose was injected intramuscularly, its effectiveness increased to 92.9 percent, even in the presence of infected, untreated controls in the same hen house. The effectiveness of the 0.15-gm. intramuscular dose was 75 percent. The highest effectiveness, 96.4 percent, was noted when a single intramuscular 0.20-gm. dose was used per bird. The 0.25-gm. dose had an effectiveness of 83.3 percent when injected subcutaneously, and 85.7 percent intramuscularly. We believe that the cost of the higher streptomycin dosage-levels (0.20 and 0.25 gm.) may preclude their extensive use in commercial poultry flocks, especially so when their respective effectiveness is not substantially (significantly) greater than that of lower, cheaper streptomycin doses. The use of a single, intramuscular dose of 0.10 gm. of streptomycin per bird affected seems to be an economical, efficient, and reliable means for the control of infectious coryza or "moquillo" of poultry.

scholarly journals Textual Organization, Advance Organizers and the Retention of Prose Material

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Schumacher ◽  
Dale Liebert ◽  
Warren Fass
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Advance Organizers ◽  
Advance Organizer ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Prose Passage ◽  
Textual Organization ◽  
Better Than

In order to study the interaction of passage structure and advance organizers a prose passage containing information about 6 obscure American Presidents was presented to 144 college students either in 1 long paragraph or 6 separate paragraphs. Half of the subjects in each condition were given an advance organizer describing the passage organization and half were not. Contrary to expectation, subjects given a passage with neither paragraph cues nor an advance organizer recalled better than subjects given paragraph cues but no advance organizer. Subjects given advance organizers were intermediate regardless of paragraph structure. Results were interpreted from an activity or levels of processing position.

EFFECTS OF 900 MHZ RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION ON THE RATS’ LIVER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usikalu M. R. ◽  
Rotimi S. O. ◽  
Achuka J. A.
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

The goal of the study is to evaluate the liver function tests and histological alterations of the rats liver cells after exposure to mobile phone radiation. To perform the liver function test Aspartate transaminase (AST) U.V kinetic test kit produced by CYPRESS DIAGNOSTICS and spectrophotometer was used. Wistar rats (male, 5 week old, approximate body weight 30-40 g) (N = 12) were exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation of Global System Mobile signal modulation (GSM), whole body average specific absorption rate SAR of 1.090W/kg. Twelve (12) male rats were used for the study divided into 3 groups of 4 rats each. Group B and Group C were exposed to 4 hours/day and 8 hours/day mobile phone radiation during calling mode for 2 months respectively while Group A served as control.  There was significant reduction in total  protein, globulin,  while there was significantly increased in Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase (GOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Albumin, total bilirubin in the rats (Group B and C) exposed to mobile phone radiation when compared to the control group but there was no histological alteration in the arrangement of cells in both control and exposed group. The results of this study suggest that, under the experimental conditions applied, repeated 900 MHz irradiation could modify liver functions.

Presentation of Complex Medical Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Miller ◽  
Ying Geng ◽  
Robert Z. Zheng ◽  
Aaron Dewald
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Paper Folding ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Median Split

The purpose was to test the effect of placement of concept maps on learning complex medical information presented online. Blocked by a median split of scores on the Paper Folding Test (Ekstrom, French, & Harman, 1979), college students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (map before text, map after text, and no map). For purposes of analyses, learners were categorized into low and high ability groups using the lower and upper 25% of scores. A 3 X 2 MANOVA was performed on two correlated dependent variables, recall and application, revealing a statistically significant interaction effect on application learning. For this dependent variable, low spatial ability learners in the no map condition (control group) scored statistically significantly lower than high spatial ability learners.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN PEMBERIAN ADVANCE ORGANIZER PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Harjono
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Advance Organizers ◽  
Advance Organizer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
School Students ◽  
Control Group Design

Abstrak. Paradigma baru pempelajaran menyediakan peluang para siswa dengan aktif terlibat  dalam proses pempelajaran dan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan  bersama-sama meningkatkan pemahaman. Penggunaan struktur tertentu dirancang untuk mempengaruhi pola interaksi siswa. Satu strategi adalah kooperatif struktur think-pair-share, menetapkan prosedur untuk memberi para siswa lebih waktu untuk berpikir, menjawab, dan saling membantu. Penelitian dirancang untuk mengintegrasikan strategi pembelajaran (struktur think-pair-share dan ekspositori) dengan pemberian advance organizer untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh utama dan interaksi strategi pembelajaran dan advance organizer terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen semu dan pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group dengan faktorial 2 x 2. Subjek penelitian adalah para siswa SMA 7 Mataram NTB kelas X tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dan advance organizer terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas X. Kata Kunci: think-pair-share, ekspositori, advance organizer, hasil belajar Abstract. The new paradigm of learning provide opportunities to students actively involved in the process of learning and appropriate learning strategies can enhance the activity and mutual help increase understanding. The use of a particular structure is designed to influence the pattern of student interaction. One strategy is to structure cooperative learning think-pair-share, has established procedures to explicitly give students more time to think, respond, and help each other. The study was designed to integrate learning strategies (cooperative structure of the think-pair-share and expository) by providing advance organizers to improve student learning outcomes physics class X. The purpose of this study was to determine the main effect and interaction of learning strategies and the provision of advance organizers to learning outcomes physics class X. This research uses quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design with a factorial 2 x 2. Research subjects were high school students 7 Mataram West Nusa Tenggara Province in class X semester 2010/2011 school year. The results of this study indicate that there is  interaction between learning strategies dan advance organizers to learning outcomes of physics strudent class X. Keywords: think-pair-share, expository, advance organizers, learning  outcomes

scholarly journals Doodle Away: Exploring the Effects of Doodling on Recall Ability of High School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Deekshita Sundararaman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High School Juniors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Doodling is often misinterpreted as a distraction to students in an academic setting– a hindrance to learning. However, recent research has shown that doodling may be beneficial to learning and memory retention. The current study expands upon previous research by investigating the impact of structured and unstructured doodling on auditory recall. This experiment was designed using a multi-method quantitative approach with an experiment that consisted of a control, structured doodling, and unstructured doodling group, and a questionnaire to assess students’ doodling experience. A group of 39 high school juniors were chosen for this study. In all three conditions, students listened to a history lecture in their normal classroom circumstances and took a quiz over the information afterward. Students doodled in both experimental conditions– they shaded a structured doodling sheet in the first condition and doodled in a blank, white A4 sheet in the second condition. The results indicated that those in the structured and unstructured doodling group performed significantly better than those in the control group, with structured doodling scoring the highest out of the three. The Post Doodling Questionnaire indicated that the majority of students experienced less daydreaming and increased recall while doodling; furthermore, the majority of students reported doodling naturalistically.

Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubi Lufi ◽  
Shachar Pan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Assessment ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

PENGGUNAAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Grade Material ◽  
Normalized Gain ◽  
Cooperative Models ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the use of cooperative models of Team Games Tournament to increase the ability of students on solving problems with the summation material fractions. To achieve these objectives, the research carried out in the form of an experiment by comparing the problem solving ability of students to the material sum of fractions through the use cooperative model of TGT and students who received conventional learning. The design is a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is to use tests that pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed quantitatively for the results of the pretest, posttest, and normalized gain value. Based on data analysis in this study we concluded that there are differences in problem solving ability of students to the material sum of fractions through the use of cooperative models of Team Games Tournament with students who studied with conventional models, and improved problem solving abilities of students in the material that follows the fractional summation cooperative learning of TGT better than students who take the conventional learning model. Therefore, the ability of solving problems of students at grade material fractions summation cooperative modeled of TGT has increased quite good.

The Effect of Language Games with Audio Visual Aids on Students’ Speaking Competence at Fourth Graders of Tunas Daud Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Susnawati. K ◽  
Marhaeni A.A.I.N ◽  
Ramendra D.P
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Competence Test ◽  
Better Than

Study aimed to determine the effect of language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence at fourth grade students of Tunas Daud elementary school and to describe the implementation of language games with audio visual aids on students’ speaking competence. The design used in this research was a mixed method design. It was explanatory design since this research was started with quantitative design (experimental design with post test only control design) followed by qualitative design. The samples were 62 students; 31 students of the experimental group and 31 students of the control group of fourth grade Tunas Daud elementary students. The data were collected by using speaking competence test and analyzed by IBM SPSS 22 with independent t-test. The data were also collected through an observation sheet for observing the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids. The results showed there was a significant effect of the language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence in which the mean score of the students who were taught by using language games with audio visual aids is better than the students who were taught without language games with audio visual aids. For the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids, it can be seen that the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids were done in a very good way. The games was suitable for the students since it could give good impacts for the students. The students are active and confident to speak.

Green Synthesis and Enhanced CO2 Capture Performance of Perfluorinated Cerium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 and MIL-140 Topology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Anna Donnadio ◽  
Mariolino Carta ◽  
Claudio Sangregorio ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cerium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Adsorbed Solution ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

Reaction of cerium ammonium nitrate and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid in water afforded two new metal-organic frameworks with UiO-66 [F4_UiO-66(Ce)] and MIL-140 [F4_MIL-140A(Ce)] topologies. The two compounds can be obtained in the same experimental conditions, just by varying the amount of acetic acid used as crystallization modulator in the synthesis. Both F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) feature pores with size < 8 Å, which classifies them as ultramicroporous. Combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that both compounds contain a small amount of Ce(III), which is preferentially accumulated near the surface of the crystallites. The CO<sub>2</sub> sorption properties of F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce) were investigated, finding that they perform better than their Zr-based analogues. F4_MIL-140A(Ce) displays an unusual S-shaped isotherm with steep uptake increase at pressure < 0.2 bar at 298 K. This makes F4_MIL-140A(Ce) exceptionally selective for CO<sub>2</sub> over N<sub>2</sub>: the calculated selectivity, according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory for a 0.15:0.85 mixture at 1 bar and 293 K, is higher than 1900, amongst the highest ever reported for metal-organic frameworks. The calculated isosteric heat of CO<sub>2 </sub>adsorption is in the range of 38-40 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, indicating a strong physisorptive character.

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