Between Rigidity and Chaos

The goal of this article was to examine the worldviews of cohabiting or married men and women who experienced domestic violence in their relationships. The study was based on content analysis of in-depth interviews with 48 men and women (24 couples), who were living together after experiencing at least one violent event in their relationships over the previous 12 months. Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors examined the deep structure of the ways by which partners living with intimate partner violence constructed their world. The men and women under study constructed heuristic models in two major life domains—psychological processes and how the world works overall. The analysis has revealed two axes resulting in four worldviews. The two axes were the construction of the world and the construction of the mind. Constructions of the mind ranged from chaotic to deterministic. Constructions of external reality ranged from static to fluid and uncontrollable. The theoretical model developed suggested four different types of basic worldviews. The suggested typology was examined in relation to existing typologies in the field of intimate partner violence and in relation to future research and interventions.

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Not Managing Expectations: A Grounded Theory of Intimate Partner Violence From the Perspective of Pakistani People

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516672939 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (19) ◽

pp. 4085-4113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Parveen Azam Ali ◽

Alicia O’Cathain ◽

Elizabeth Croot

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Grounded Theory ◽

Health Problem ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Men And Women ◽

The World ◽

Different Cultures

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem affecting people from different cultures and societies. Much research has been undertaken to understand the phenomenon, its determinants, and its consequences in numerous countries. However, there is a paucity of research on IPV in many areas of the world including Pakistan. The present study aimed to develop a theory of the meaning and process of IPV from the perspective of Pakistani men and women living in and outside Pakistan.

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Motivations for Intimate Partner Violence in Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence and Court Referred to Batterer Intervention Programs

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.5.4.359 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 359-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

JoAnna Elmquist ◽

John Hamel ◽

Ryan C. Shorey ◽

Lindsay Labrecque ◽

Andrew Ninnemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Future Research ◽

Batterer Intervention ◽

Men And Women ◽

Batterer Intervention Programs

Research has attempted to elucidate men and women’s proximal motivations for perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). However, previous research has yet to clarify and resolve contention regarding whether motives for IPV are gender-neutral or gender-specific. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare motives for physical IPV perpetration among a sample of men (n = 90) and women (n = 87) arrested for domestic violence and court referred to batterer intervention programs. Results demonstrated that the most frequently endorsed motives for IPV by both men and women were self-defense, expression of negative emotions, and communication difficulties. With the exception of expression of negative emotions and retaliation, with women endorsing these motives more often than men, there were no significant differences between men and women’s self-reported reasons for perpetrating physical aggression. The implications of these findings for future research and intervention programs are discussed.

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Focal Concerns and Intimate Partner Violence Case Processing: Predicting Arrest Using a Stratified Random Sample of Police Case File Data

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/00111287211010493 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001112872110104

Author(s):

Cortney A. Franklin ◽

Leana A. Bouffard ◽

Alondra D. Garza ◽

Amanda Goodson

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Random Sample ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Police Department ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Criminal History ◽

Future Research ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Case File ◽

Focal Concerns

Focal concerns has utility for explaining criminal justice decisions, including among police. At present, there is no research that has examined focal concerns and arrest decisions in non-sexual, intimate partner violence (IPV) cases. This study used a stratified random sample of 776 IPV incidents from an urban police department in one of the five largest and most diverse US cities to assess the effect of focal concerns on arrest. A multivariate binary logistic regression model demonstrated victim injury, suspect IPV and general criminal history, evidence, witnesses, victim preference for formal intervention, women victims, and intoxicated suspects predicted arrest. When the suspect was on scene, this was the strongest predictor of arrest. Implications and future research are discussed.

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Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801220978803 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122097880

Author(s):

Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽

Soledad de Lemus ◽

Jesús L. Megías

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

El Salvador ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

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Migrant Women’s Help-Seeking Decisions and Use of Support Resources for Intimate Partner Violence in China

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211000133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110001

Author(s):

Ran Hu ◽

Jia Xue ◽

Xiying Wang

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Poisson Model ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sources Of Support

In China, women who domestically relocate from rural or less developed regions to major cities are at a higher risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) than their non-migrant counterparts. Few studies have focused on Chinese domestic migrant women’s help-seeking for IPV and their use of different sources of support. The present study aimed to identify factors that influence migrant women’s help-seeking decisions. In addition, we also examined factors that contribute to migrant women’s use of diverse sources of support for IPV. A sample of 280 migrant women victimized by IPV in the past year at the time of the survey was drawn from a larger cross-sectional study conducted in four major urban cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Using a multinomial logistic regression model and a zero-inflated Poisson model, we found that factors influencing migrant women’s help-seeking decisions and their use of diverse sources of support included socioeconomic factors, IPV type, relationship-related factors, knowledge of China’s first anti-Domestic Violence Law, and perception of the effectiveness of current policies. We discuss implications for future research and interventions.

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Social Norms Sustaining Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Methodologies for Proxy Measures

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/15248380211013141 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802110131

Author(s):

Ilana Seff

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Social Norms ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Data Sets ◽

Boolean Search ◽

The Many

In light of the many robust quantitative data sets that include information on attitudes and behaviors related to intimate partner violence (IPV), and in an effort to expand the evidence base around social norms and IPV, many researchers construct proxy measures of norms within and across groups embedded in the data. While this strategy has become increasingly popular, there is no standardized approach for assessing and constructing these norm proxies, and no review of these approaches has been undertaken to date. This study presents the results of a systematic review of methods used to construct quantitative proxy measures for social norms related to IPV. PubMed, Embase, Popline, and Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched using Boolean search techniques. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published since 2000 in English that either (i) examined a norm proxy related to gender or IPV or (ii) analyzed the relationship between a norm proxy and perpetration of, experiences of, or attitudes toward IPV. Studies that employed qualitative methods or that elicited direct measures of descriptive or injunctive norms were not included. Twenty-six studies were eligible for review. Evidence from this review highlights inconsistencies in how proxies are constructed, how they are assessed to ensure valid representation of norms, and how researchers acknowledge their respective method’s limitations. Key processes and reflections employed by some of the studies are identified and recommended for future research inquiries.

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Positive Correlation Between Women’s Status and Intimate Partner Violence Suggests Violence Backlash in Mwanza, Tanzania

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211050095 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110500

Author(s):

Joseph A. Kilgallen ◽

Susan B. Schaffnit ◽

Yusufu Kumogola ◽

Anthony Galura ◽

Mark Urassa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Economic Status ◽

Women's Empowerment ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Women’S Empowerment ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Urbanization in low and middle-income nations is characterized by economic and demographic shifts largely understood to be beneficial to women’s empowerment. These changes include increased education and wage-labor opportunities, a disruption of traditional patrilocal residence systems, and reductions in spousal age gap and fertility. However, such changes may drive a “violence backlash,” with men increasing intimate partner violence (IPV) in efforts to challenge women’s shifting status. To date, tests of this idea primarily relate to women’s changing economic status, with less known about the demographic correlates of IPV in urbanizing settings. Addressing this, we conducted a cross-sectional study of IPV behavior and attitudes in an urbanizing community in Mwanza, northern Tanzania ( n = 317). Consistent with a violence backlash, IPV was reported more often among women educated at higher levels than their husband, and women earning similar, rather than lower, wages to their husband were more likely to report that he condones IPV. These findings were independent of women’s absolute education and income. Furthermore, less frequent paternal kin contact, and relatively small spousal age gaps, generally understood to boost women’s empowerment, were associated with an increased risk of experiencing IPV. Less frequent paternal kin contact was also associated with an increased likelihood that a husband condones IPV. Contrary to our predictions, relatively lower fertility, generally linked to higher women’s empowerment, did not predict IPV behavior and women with high, rather than low, fertility were more likely to report that their husband condones IPV. Overall, our results support the notion of a violence backlash corresponding to economic changes for women that accompany urbanization. In contrast, demographic changes associated with urbanization have more variable relationships. Drawing on these results, we suggest future research avenues for better understanding the vulnerability of women to IPV in urbanizing settings.

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Exploring the intersection of traumatic brain injury and mental health in survivors of intimate partner violence

University of Toronto Journal of Public Health ◽

10.33137/utjph.v2i2.37002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Danielle Toccalino ◽

Amy Moore ◽

Sophia Chuon Gutierrez ◽

Angela Colantonio ◽

Christine M. Wickens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Partner Violence ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Heterosexual Relationships ◽

Economic Implications

Introduction: One in four Canadian women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased rates of IPV globally and the level of violence encountered, exposing IPV survivors to greater risk of physical injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Up to 75% of survivors are suspected of sustaining a TBI and 50-75% experience mental health or substance use challenges (MHSU) as a result of IPV, resulting in extensive personal, social, and economic implications. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize what is currently known in the literature about MHSU and TBI among survivors of IPV and identify gaps. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles using a search strategy including text words and subject headings related to TBI, IPV, and MHSU. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion. Results: The search identified 399 unique articles, 34 of which were included in this study. Of these, 11 articles reported on MHSU in IPV-related TBI and 9 articles reported on both TBI and MHSU in IPV but did not discuss the groups together. The remainder were reviews or theses that noted MHSU in IPV-related TBI. Included articles predominantly focused on cis-gendered women in heterosexual relationships and were conducted in the United States. Only three articles focused on the experiences of Black or Indigenous women and none of the included studies discussed implications of co-occurring TBI and MHSU on survivor’s healthcare-related needs or access to care. Conclusions: Despite the high rates of co-occurring TBI and MHSU among survivors of IPV, there is little research on this intersection and no investigation of the impacts on the health system. Future research should focus on identifying the healthcare-related needs of survivors and identifying and mitigating barriers to access.

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Social support needs and help seeking behaviours among Spanish-speaking Canadian immigrant women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV)

10.32920/ryerson.14666898.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Cerdena D’Unian

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

Sources Of Support

There is considerable research about women who have experienced Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in the Canadian literature. However, most of these studies have focused on IPV among Canadian-born women. Immigrant women who make the decision to seek help for IPV have received less attention in the research-based literature in Canada. This qualitative study examined the IPV experiences of 10 Spanish-speaking immigrant women in Canada, all from the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The main focus was to examine the intersectionality between social support and help seeking behaviours for IPV. Results indicated that Spanish-speaking immigrants in Canada utilized both formal and informal sources of support for IPV. The importance of continuous support as a factor preventing women from returning to an abusive relationship was consistently reported by participants. Implications of the study findings and directions for future research are further discussed in this manuscript.

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The Denial of Emergency Protection: Factors Associated With Court Decision Making

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.603 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 603-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carol E. Jordan ◽

Adam J. Pritchard ◽

Pamela Wilcox ◽

Danielle Duckett-Pritchard

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Future Research ◽

Emergency Protection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Judicial Education ◽

Protective Orders ◽

Intimate Partner Violence Research

Despite the importance of civil orders of protection as a legal resource for victims of intimate partner violence, research is limited in this area, and most studies focus on the process following a court’s initial issuance of an emergency order. The purpose of this study is to address a major gap in the literature by examining cases where victims of intimate partner violence are denied access to temporary orders of protection. The study sample included a review of 2,205 petitions that had been denied by a Kentucky court during the 2003 fiscal year. The study offers important insights into the characteristics of petitioners and respondents to denied orders and outlines individual, contextual, structural, qualitative/perceptual, and procedural factors associated with the denial of temporary or emergency protective orders. Recommendations for statutory changes, judicial education, and future research to remedy barriers to protection are offered.

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