Straw/Spring Teeth Interaction Analysis of Baler Picker in Smart Agriculture via an ADAMS-DEM Coupled Simulation Method

In this paper, a new coupling simulation method is proposed for baler picker using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems (ADAMS) and discrete element method (DEM). Field tests are carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. By using the coupling method, not only was it obtained that the forward velocity (FV) and the ground clearance of spring teeth (GCST) are positively correlated with the pick-up loss rate (PLR), but also that the blockage of the picker mainly occurs in the straw pushing area, and an optimization plan is proposed. Through the analysis of the acting force (AF) between the roller and the track groove, we speculate that the structure of the track groove in a certain area is defective. The coupling method and optimization scheme proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the optimal design of the picker.

The Force Cone Method Applied to Explain Hidden Whirls in Tribology

In tribologically loaded materials, folding instabilities and vortices lead to the formation of complex internal structures. This is true for geological as well as nanoscopic contacts. Classically, these structures have been described by Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities or shear localization. We here introduce an alternative explanation based on an intuitive approach referred to as the force cone method. It is considered how whirls are situated near forces acting on a free surface of an elastic or elastoplastic solid. The force cone results are supplemented by finite element simulations. Depending on the direction of the acting force, one or two whirls are predicted by the simplified force cone method. In 3D, there is always a ring shaped whirl present. These modelling findings were tested in simple model experiments. The results qualitatively match the predictions and whirl formation was found. The force cone method and the experiments may seem trivial, but they are an ideal tool to intuitively understand the presence of whirls within a solid under a tribological load. The position of these whirls was found at the predicted places and the force cone method allows a direct approach to understand the complex processes in the otherwise buried interfaces of tribologically loaded materials.

New Newtonian Mechanics and New Laws of Motion

Newton’s third law has been proved to be wrong, there are experimental evidence of the video, there are rigorous proof of a strong paper. Further obtained based on this, that is, Newton’s second law to prove is wrong. Therefore, the Newton law of correcting wrong, there are new second law of motion and new third law of motion, to be produces. So including Newton’s first law the New three laws of motion, will become more accurate, more efficient mechanical principles, guiding the new mechanical system is derived and the establishment. No one would doubt that Newton’s second law and Newton’s third law would be wrong. But a surprising discovery was produced in a simple mechanic’s experiment. The earliest experiments showed that two objects interact, acting force and reaction force, Is not the same size. Therefore, Newton’s third law seems to be wrong. Using conventional methods, considering objects with different masses, the inertia is also different. It can also provide a reasonable explanation for the unequal force and reaction force. But when It was further discovered that when Newton’s second law was also wrong, the introduction of the new second law made the establishment of the new third law also perfect. A series of extremely important new discoveries were successively produced and realized.

Theoretical foundations of increasing the efficiency of wide-angle diffusers and practical results of new solutions to this problem

It is shown theoretically that the efficiency of wide-angle diffusers mainly depends on the method of supplying the working medium to the diffuser channel and on the nature of the interaction of this medium with the subsequent streamlined surface of the diffuser. The first condition is due to those changes in the acting force factors within the wall (boundary layer), which occur during the transition from the inlet confuser channel to the subsequent diffuser, and the second follows from the need to ensure an uninterrupted flow of the working medium moving against the increasing (in the direction of travel) static pressure. The above computational studies of wide-angle diffusers have shown that, subject to theoretically justified conditions, it is possible to ensure uninterrupted flow in flat and conical diffusers with an increase in the opening angle α of their flow path to 20° and with the same degrees of expansion ration to obtain pressure recovery coefficients commensurate with those in diffusers with an angle α = 7°.

КОНЦЕПТ «ЛИТЕРАТУРА» В ПЕРЕПИСКЕ И. С. ТУРГЕНЕВА И Ф. М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО

The article examines the concept of literature as a unit of the linguistic image of the world of two great writers, which is associated with each of the authors’ comprehension and figurative interpretation of the literary process and journalistic activity in the 19th century. Using the letters of Turgenev and Dostoevsky during their conspicuous interaction (1860—1867) the author researches the linguistic methods of concept representation, its semantic volume, identifies a set of semantic features, explores the use of various evaluative vocabulary as a means of explication of this concept, establishes stimulus words in the correspondence. Turgenev perceives the sphere of literature as something true, superior and even miraculous, Dostoevsky proposes both a positive and a negative assessment of the events occurring in the literary process. The analysis of the two writers’ correspondence made it possible to disclose the attitude of correspondents to various literary spheres, to reveal the specific features of the concept of literature in the conceptual sphere of Turgenev and Dostoevsky. Accordingly, it was determined that the language units of the concept of literature as perceived by the Russian intelligentsia contain emotive components, and that the epistolary texts contain elements of intimization and frequent use of authors’ specific language techniques, comparisons and metaphorical images. The notions of literature and the literary process are conceptualized in writers’ letters as an animate acting force, an environment that is capable of action. The figurative language means used by writers in the correspondence endow the concepts with a specific image and sensual meaning. The concept of literature reveals the features of their work, the literary process and journalistic activities, which were an essential part of themselves and their lives for both Turgenev and Dostoevsky.

Measurements of the Flight Trajectory of a Spinning Soccer Ball and the Magnus Force Acting on It

The trajectory of a soccer ball, kicked with a spin to curve it into the goal, is strongly influenced by aerodynamic factors such as the Magnus force. Several studies using a wind-tunnel and high-speed cameras have investigated the Magnus force acting on a spinning soccer ball. However, the exact effect of the Magnus force on the trajectory of a spinning soccer ball in free flight remains unclear. This study set out to use an optical three-dimensional motion-capture system to record the details of the flight of such a spinning soccer ball. The maximum curvature of the ball’s trajectory occurred in the middle of its flight. The sideways-directed Magnus force acting on the ball decreased as the ball’s speed decreased during the entire flight. Thus, it was concluded that the deflection of the trajectory of the ball decreases as the sideways-acting force decreases throughout the flight.

Focal validation mechanism for Lombok earthquake with image analysis of satellite radar and crust movement GPS observation

Lombok Earthquake on August 5 and August 19, 2018, traces of deformation were analyzed with satellite image data to determine vertical deformation in the form of uplift on the ground surface. Earthquake wave analysis provides data on the mechanism at the epicenter in the form of a fault, the major forces axis in the form of the P axis, as well as the T axis, in addition to location and strength. The results of the focal analysis showed that the Lombok earthquake was an earthquake on the rising fault, the results of satellite radar image analysis showed the corresponding results, where the maximum increase occurred on the lip of the fault block in the form of a hanging wall. The direction of the acting force is indicated by the Axis P, in accordance with the research results of the Lombok earth crust movement, namely the N-NE Direction.

Longitudinal displacements of railway jointless track due to local temperature difference on its length

In the paper is shown an analysis of a CWR track’s longitudinal displacements due to a local temperature difference on its length. The thermical forces on the railway track length arise due to a local temperature difference of rail, causing the local, zonal the longitudinal displacements of rail cross-sections. Axial displacements of track induce in succession a longitudinal reaction of roadbed in such a degree on which a arising displacements allow. Additionally a arising during track operating a variable longitudinal resistance on track’s length (generated among other things by different state of ballast compaction, different pressure force of rail foot to divider), periodical acting force from vehicles, different value of adhesion wheels with rails and also different stage of rail heating, cause a disturbance section of equilibrium state of CWR track. In certain cases it assumes a shape of rails micro displacements, which can take a form e.g. creep displacements leading to value changes of longitudinal forces on this segment length with arising displacements. In paper analytical form of considered problem is given and computational examples, diagrams and tables reflecting influence of analyzed parameters on obtained a CWR track’s longitudinal displacements due to local temperature difference on its length is inserted Keywords: CWR track; Longitudinal displacement; Local temperature difference