scholarly journals The Bidirectional Relationship Between Exercise and Sleep

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Nonpharmacologic Treatment

Exercise has long been associated with better sleep, and evidence is accumulating on the efficacy of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment option for disturbed sleep. Recent research, however, has noted that poor sleep may contribute to low physical activity levels, emphasizing a robust bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep. This article will briefly review the evidence supporting the use of exercise as a nonpharmacologic treatment for sleep disturbance, outline future research that is needed to establish the viability of exercise as a behavioral sleep treatment, describe recent research that has emphasized the potential influence of poor sleep on daytime activity levels, and discuss whether improving sleep may facilitate adoption and/or better adherence to a physically active lifestyle. With poor sleep and physical inactivity each recognized as key public health priorities, additional research into the bidirectional relationship between exercise and sleep has significant implications for facilitating greater exercise adherence and improving sleep in society.

Competencies for a healthy physically active lifestyle – Validation of an integrative model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Carl ◽  
Wolfgang Geidl ◽  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Konrad Schultz ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Factor Measurement

Abstract Purpose: The model of physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) provides an integrative and interdisciplinary view on the multitude of competencies that are necessary when people want to lead a physically active lifestyle. For further validation of this framework, the goal of the present study was to extend first measurement models on PAHCO (Sudeck & Pfeifer, 2016) and thereby contribute to the development of a standardized assessment tool. Method: In Study 1, a measurement model with five predictors on PAHCO was tested with 341 COPD patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. In Study 2, data from 745 apprentices were used to create an extended eight-factor measurement model. We undertook reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the validity of the models. Results: The analyses showed good results for the reliability and discriminant validity of the factors. Accordingly, the CFA revealed satisfactory overall fits for the five-factor as well as for the extended eight-factor measurement model. In addition, the significant associations with physical activity and physical health parameters indicated criterion validity of almost all PAHCO factors. The explained variance of the multivariate models lay between 9.8% and 10.4% in Study 1 and between 9.5% and 21.3% in Study 2.Conclusion: In the present study, it was possible to extract a well-fitting eight-factor measurement model and accumulate further evidence on the validity of the PAHCO model. Future research should strive for a cross-validation of the measurement model and more deeply investigate the internal structure of the eight factors.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health in Children: A Close Look

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-672
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland ◽  
Patty S. Freedson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Fitness And Health

The available research information suggests, then, that the best primary strategy for improving the longterm health of children and adolescents through exercise may be creating a lifestyle pattern of regular physical activity that will carry over to the adult years rather than promoting childhood physical fitness.26 This implies that it is of primary importance to discover behavioral approaches that will be effective in increasing activity levels of children. It is an approach that raises critical questions in future research efforts: What are the factors that make exercise enjoyable for children? What settings (family, school physical education, physicians, community programs) are most effective in "turning children on" to physical activity? How can interest in exercise be sustained as children grow into adulthood? Furthermore, this conclusion bears implications for the design of physical education curricula, the role of families in the early molding of exercise habits, and the important function of physicians in identifying sedentary patients and introducing them to the fun of physical activity. This viewpoint does not assume the importance for children of a critical threshold of activity or fitness. Instead, it emphasizes the significance of establishing a physically active lifestyle during the pediatric years; this is best achieved by exposing children to the enjoyment of physical exercise early. This strategy is based on the concept that health outcomes may relate more to the persistence of exercise throughout life rather than its quantity during the pediatric years.

scholarly journals Is an Individually Tailored Programme of Intense Leg Resistance and Dynamic Exercise Acceptable to Adults with an Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocation? A Feasibility Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Forde ◽  
Mark Haddad ◽  
Shashivadan P Hirani ◽  
David J Keene
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Dislocation ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lateral Patellar Dislocation ◽  
Intervention Acceptability

Abstract Background: lateral patellar dislocations mainly affect active teenagers and young adults. To help people recover, non-surgical exercise-based treatment is often recommended but the optimal exercise-based treatment is unknown. Currently, treatment outcomes after this injury are variable. Common problems include recurrent dislocation, reduced activity levels, and later surgery. A programme of intense leg resistance exercises, and dynamic exercises related to participants’ activity-related goals, has rationale, but has not been previously reported. In line with Medical Research Council guidance, this study aimed to assess the acceptability of a novel evidence-based exercise programme for adults after acute lateral patellar dislocation and the feasibility of future research evaluating this treatment.Methods: a single-group prospective study was conducted at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. Participants were 16 years or older with an acute first-time or recurrent lateral patellar dislocation. Participants received up to six face-to-face, one-to-one, physiotherapy sessions, over maximum three months, and performed intensive home exercises independently at least three times per week. Strategies to increase exercise adherence were used. Primary objectives were to determine the number of eligible patients, the recruitment rate (proportion of eligible patients that provided written informed consent), participant adherence to scheduled physiotherapy sessions and self-reported adherence to prescribed exercise, and intervention acceptability to participants measured by attrition and a study-specific questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: 15/22 (68%) patients with a lateral patellar dislocation were eligible. All eligible (100%) were recruited. 2/15 (13%) participants provided no outcome data, 2/15 (13%) provided partial outcome data, and 11/15 (73%) provided all outcome data. Questionnaire responses demonstrated high intervention acceptability to participants. Participants attended 56/66 (85%) physiotherapy sessions and 10/11 (91%) participants reported they ‘always’ or ‘often’ completed prescribed exercise. One participant redislocated their patella; another experienced knee pain or swelling lasting more than one week after home exercise on three occasions.Conclusion: the intervention appeared acceptable to adults after acute lateral patellar dislocation and future larger-scale research appears feasible. Future research should estimate feasibility outcomes with increased precision and assess participants’ willingness to be randomised to different treatments across multiple centres.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03798483, registered January 10, 2019 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03798483?term=INDEX-KD&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals 0378 Social Well-Being as a Longitudinal Mediator of the Association Between Discrimination and Sleep Quality

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A145-A145
Author(s):  
N Dautovich ◽  
S Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Longitudinal Association

Abstract Introduction Discrimination is a risk factor for poor sleep outcomes. Physiological activation is one mechanism tying the experience of discrimination to disturbed sleep. Discrimination, however, can also impact psychosocial well-being, which is a necessary precursor for healthy sleep. Feelings of safety derived from social connections can be threatened when individuals face discrimination. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of social well-being as a factor underlying the longitudinal association between discrimination and sleep quality. Methods An archival analysis was conducted with 937 adults participating in the longitudinal Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Data was collected at three time points across 10 years. Perceived daily discrimination and overall social well-being were assessed via self-report. Sleep quality was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Global Sleep Quality score. Results The overall model accounted for 15.6% of variance in global sleep quality. Controlling for multiple covariates, more frequent experiences of discrimination predicted worse global sleep quality 10 years later (β=.06, p=.03). Worse overall social well-being was a significant mediator of the discrimination-global sleep quality association (95% CI [.0001, .0118]), such that more frequent discrimination predicted lower overall social well-being, which, in turn, was associated with worse global sleep quality. Conclusion Given the persistence of sleep disparities among stigmatized and marginalized groups and the importance of sleep as a means of health disparity reduction, there is a need to identify mechanisms linking discrimination to poor sleep outcomes. Daily experiences of discrimination, such as being given less respect or treated as though less intelligent, have long-lasting associations with social well-being. Furthermore, social well-being is a predictor of future sleep quality. In addition to addressing discriminatory practices, targeting the effects of social well-being on sleep is a direction for future research. Support N/A

scholarly journals Physical Activity Determinants in Adults

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda C. Stutts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Health Nurse ◽  
Occupational Health Nurse

The determinants of physical activity in adults were explored in this study. Explanatory variables included perceived benefits of and perceived barriers to physical activity, and perceived self efficacy for physical activity. Inactive participants were asked to identify barriers to activity, and active participants cited cues prompting them to adopt a physically active lifestyle. Data were collected from 137 adults obtained from work sites, an evening college program, and church groups. Overall, participants were physically active. Self efficacy was the only variable to predict physical activity. Race (i.e., being White) and body mass index (i.e., being overweight) explained perceived barriers to activity. The primary reason for inactivity was lack of time, and the most frequently cited cues to activity were dissatisfaction with one's weight or appearance. Few nursing studies have attempted to increase participants' levels of self efficacy. However, the occupational health nurse is in a unique position to increase workers' perceived self efficacy for activity and, in turn, their activity levels.

Using the Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups During the COVID-19 ‘Lockdown’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

379 Do Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Insomnia and Physical Activity?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A150-A151
Author(s):  
Jamie Walker ◽  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Ivan Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Insomnia and depression are highly comorbid and have been shown to be independently associated with lower levels of physical activity. It is not clear, however, if being less physically active is a risk factor for or consequence of depression and insomnia. The factors that explain the associations between insomnia, depression, and physical activity are likely complex and overlapping. For example, insomnia may predict inactivity by impacting one’s energy levels, leaving them too tired to exercise. Insomnia may also interfere with one’s motivation to exercise due to low mood, as insomnia is associated with the development of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether depression mediated the link between insomnia and low levels of physical activity. Methods A national online survey was conducted from April-June 2020. Participants completed surveys to assess demographics, mood, sleep, and physical activity. Depressive symptoms were estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Insomnia symptoms were estimated with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Physical activity levels were estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression, with separate models for depression, insomnia, and the combination of the two, on levels of physical activity. Results 3,952 adults (Mage = 46.9 years) completed the survey. According to the unadjusted models, greater insomnia symptoms were associated with greater depressive symptoms (b = 0.4523, SE = 0.019593, p < .001), and lower levels of physical activity (b = -38.741, SE = 18.236, p = 0.0337). The relationship between insomnia and physical activity was no longer significant, however, when controlling for depression (b = -6.140, SE = 19.274, p = 0.75). According to the mediation analyses, there was an indirect effect of insomnia on physical activity that was explained by differences in depressive symptoms (Sobel Test = -4.895, SE = 6.518, p < .001). Conclusion Our findings support previous research indicating associations between symptoms of insomnia and depression and physical activity. Future research should examine if these same results hold using a longitudinal design. Support (if any) Vargas: K23HL141581

scholarly journals Influence of Menstrual Cycle Estradiol-β-17 Fluctuations on Energy Substrate Utilization-Oxidation during Aerobic, Endurance Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7209
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Willett ◽  
Kristen J. Koltun ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Fat Utilization

This study examined the effect of estradiol-β-17 across the menstrual cycle (MC) during aerobic exercise on energy substrate utilization and oxidation. Thirty-two eumenorrheic (age = 22.4 ± 3.8 y (mean ± SD)), physically active women participated in two steady-state running sessions at 65% of VO2max, one during the early follicular and one during the luteal phase of the MC. Blood samples were collected at rest before each exercise session and analyzed for Estradiol-β-17 to confirm the MC phase. Carbohydrate (CHO) utilization and oxidation values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the luteal (utilization: 51.6 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 1.22 ± 0.56 g/min; effect size (ES) = 0.45, 0.27) than follicular phase (utilization: 58.2 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 1.38 ± 0.60 g/min) exercise sessions. Conversely, fat utilization and oxidation values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the luteal (utilization: 48.4 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 0.49 ± 0.19 g/min; ES = 0.45,0.28) than follicular phase (utilization: 41.8 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 0.41 ± 0.14 g/min). Estradiol-β-17 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater during the luteal (518.5 ± 285.4 pmol/L; ES = 0.75) than follicular phase (243.8 ± 143.2 pmol/L). Results suggest a greater use of fat and reduced amount of CHO usage during the luteal versus follicular phase, directly related to the change in resting estradiol-β-17. Future research should investigate the role these changes may play in female athletic performance.

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