scholarly journals Sentinel Surveillance in Health and Nutrition: Experience in Guatemala

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán L. Delgado ◽  
Mireya Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Central American ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
The Relationship

Health information systems in most Central American countries fail to produce reliable, timely, representative, and useful information to define target groups and interventions. This situation originated the need to develop new methodologies for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information regarding health and nutrition, as well as health services. For this purpose, between 1985 and 1987, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) and the Ministry of Health and Social We/fare of Guatemala jointly implemented a sentinel surveillance subsystem. During this period, 119 rural communities of 1,000 + 250 inhabitants were longitudinally studied in four rounds of surveys. The Institute transferred the methodology and results to the Ministry of Health through INCAP's communication channels: dissemination of information, direct technical assistance, training, and research. The methodology has not been widely used by national health officialis; therefore, it has become necessary to develop operational research to assess the relationship between decision-making and information availability.

scholarly journals Cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in a nationally representative sample of US adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Q. Ong ◽  
John Bellettiere ◽  
Citlali Alvarado ◽  
Paul Chavez ◽  
Vincent Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Public Health

Abstract Background Prior research examining the relationship between cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity has generated conflicting findings, potentially due to biases in the self-reported measures used to assess physical activity. This study aimed to more precisely explore the relationship between cannabis use and sedentary behavior/physical activity using objective measures. Methods Data were obtained from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,092 participants (ages 20–59; 48.8% female) had accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants were classified as light, moderate, frequent, or non-current cannabis users depending on how often they used cannabis in the previous 30 days. Multivariable linear regression estimated minutes in sedentary behavior/physical activity by cannabis use status. Logistic regression modeled self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to current cannabis use. Results Fully adjusted regression models indicated that current cannabis users’ accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior did not significantly differ from non-current users. Frequent cannabis users engaged in more physical activity than non-current users. Light cannabis users had greater odds of self-reporting physical activity compared to non-current users. Conclusions This study is the first to evaluate the relationship between cannabis use and accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity. Such objective measures should be used in other cohorts to replicate our findings that cannabis use is associated with greater physical activity and not associated with sedentary behavior in order to fully assess the potential public health impact of increases in cannabis use.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Phytoestrogens and the Relationship with Speed of Processing in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES, 1999–2002

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwerdt ◽  
Patterson ◽  
Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Sex hormone changes in adults are known to play a part in aging, including cognitive aging. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens can mimic estrogenic effects on brain function. Since sex hormones differ between genders, it is important to examine gender differences in the phytoestrogen–cognition association. Therefore, the goal of this study is to examine the relationship between urinary phytoestrogens and speed of processing (SOP) and the variation of the association between genders in older adults. Participants were drawn from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 354 individuals aged 65–85 years old. General linear models (GLMs) were used to test for significant gender differences in the relationship between phytoestrogens and SOP. Results from the GLMs showed significant gender differences in the relationship between genistein and SOP. Higher levels of genistein were associated with better SOP in women. This relationship was reversed in men: higher genistein levels were associated with worse performance. Results indicate that there are distinct gender differences in the relationship between genistein and SOP. These results emphasize the importance of considering gender differences when devising dietary and pharmacologic interventions that target phytoestrogens to improve brain health.

Abstract P295: Association Between Remained Number of Teeth and Cardiovascular Disease Among Korean Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Seok Lee ◽  
Yong-Moon Park ◽  
Kyungdo Han
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: It has been reported that people with teeth loss have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited evidence for the specific relationship between remained teeth and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Method: Among subjects who participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2008-2013, a total of 12,612 adults with mean age of 60.2±1.2 years old were analyzed. Number of teeth was classified as number less than 20, from 20 to 27 and more than 27. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between cardiovascular disease and remained teeth number after adjusting for potential confounders. Result: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 6.5%, 3.3% and 1.4% respectively in groups having number less than 20, 20 to 27 and more than 27 ( P < 0.001). Total number of cardiovascular disease was 666. Diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol level, waist circumference, metabolic syndrome had large proportion in a group having less than 20 teeth ( P < 0.001). People having less than 20 remained teeth had statistically significant cardiovascular disease after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking alcohol, exercise, education, income status, stress, diabetes, and hypertension. A group having less 20 teeth was likely to have statistically significant relationship with cardiovascular disease. (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.89) and stroke (OR:1.90, CI:1.03-3.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the number of remained teeth could be a useful additional indicator for assessing cardiovascular disease and stroke

scholarly journals Best Practices and Innovative Solutions to Overcome Barriers to Delivering Policy, Systems and Environmental Changes in Rural Communities

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Isabel Osborne ◽  
Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Policy Systems

To better understand the barriers to implementing policy; systems; and environmental (PSE) change initiatives within Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) programming in U.S. rural communities; as well as strategies to overcome these barriers, this study identifies: (1) the types of nutrition-related PSE SNAP-Ed programming currently being implemented in rural communities; (2) barriers to implementing PSE in rural communities; and (3) common best practices and innovative solutions to overcoming SNAP-Ed PSE implementation barriers. This mixed-methods study included online surveys and interviews across fifteen states. Participants were eligible if they: (1) were SNAP-Ed staff that were intimately aware of facilitators and barriers to implementing programs, (2) implemented at least 50% of their programming in rural communities, and (3) worked in their role for at least 12 months. Sixty-five staff completed the online survey and 27 participated in interviews. Barriers to PSE included obtaining community buy-in, the need for relationship building, and PSE education. Facilitators included finding community champions; identifying early “wins” so that community members could easily see PSE benefits. Partnerships between SNAP-Ed programs and non-SNAP-Ed organizations are essential to implementing PSE. SNAP-Ed staff should get buy-in from local leaders before implementing PSE. Technical assistance for rural SNAP-Ed programs would be helpful in promoting PSE.

scholarly journals EXPLORING FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Fanen Terdoo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Older Farmers ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Local Farmers

The aim of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is to help farmers increase productivity, adapt their methods, become resilient to climate impacts and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. However, there has been little published research on the perceptions and knowledge of farmers as to how this approach can fulfill its potential, especially in Africa. This paper presents a study based on interviews and group discussions conducted among farmers in some rural communities in Northern Nigeria. It reveals that the strength of CSA lies in its ability to integrate agricultural productivity with environmental targets and address the livelihood needs and cultural biases of local farmers. It also identified differences in the perception of different groups within society. For example, the younger farmers who possess little farmland showed optimism in the potential of the CSA approach to address livelihood and environmental challenges while the older farmers with larger farmlands were generally uncertain and suspicious. The analysis of interviews presented could be used to identify target groups on which to focus CSA, assuming that groups with a significantly greater proportion of farmlands could have more impact on the environment. The study suggests a continuous effort is made to develop knowledge and build capacity of local farmers and experts. Lessons from this study are important in developing the knowledge and capacities that will make CSA a reality. Further studies across Africa which take local specificities and priorities into consideration are needed.

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