An in vitro study of pressure increases during contrast injections in diagnostic cerebral angiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992199609
Author(s):  
Samantha Marfoglio ◽  
Brandon Kovarovic ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
David J Fiorella ◽  
Chander Sadasivan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Injection Rates

Background During diagnostic cerebral angiography, the contrast bolus injected into a vessel can cause substantial changes in baseline pressures and flows. One potential, and serious complication is the re-rupture of aneurysms due to these injections. The goals of this in vitro study were to evaluate the effect of injection conditions on intraneurysmal pressure changes during angiography. Methods A silicone replica of a complete circle of Willis model with ophthalmic, anterior communicating, and basilar tip aneurysms was connected to a physiologically accurate flow pump. Contrast injections were performed under different conditions (carotid or vertebral vessel imaging, catheter diameter, injection rate, injection time, and arterial blood flow rate) and the pressure in each aneurysm was recorded before and during each injection. The effect of injection conditions on percentage increase in aneurysm pressures was statistically assessed. Additionally, the effect of the distance between the aneurysm and the catheter-tip on aneurysmal pressures was assessed. Results Mean intraneurysmal pressures during injection (84.5 ± 10.8 mmHg) were significantly higher than pre-injection pressures (80.4 ± 10.6 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Only 3 of the 5 conditions – carotid injections, higher injection rates, and smaller catheter diameters – significantly increased intraneurysmal pressures. The catheter-tip distance showed no correlation to pressure increases. Conclusions Increasing contrast injection rates and decreasing catheter diameters are correlated to intraneurysmal pressure increases during angiography irrespective of the distance to the catheter tip. Future in vivo studies are required to confirm these findings and determine whether the amplitude of pressure increases with commonly used injection rates can be clinically detrimental.

scholarly journals 1074-152 Will combinations of multiple agents produce more robust contrast imaging? An in vitro study and in vivo studies in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. A328
Author(s):  
Xiaokui Li ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Diane Paine ◽  
Zuhua Mao ◽  
Aarti Hejmadi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
Contrast Imaging

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS MELO SEEDS ON CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
R. Srikaran ◽  
S. Salika Dulanjali
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

Objective: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic activity of the methanolic extract of the Cucumismelo seeds on experimentally prepared calcium oxalate crystals which was prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method in the laboratory.Methods: The crude extract was prepared by the soxhlet extraction method and the extraction was done until all the compounds get extracted into the solution and solvent was evaporated by rotary evaporator. Extracts were stored in an airtight light-resistant container at 4 °C in a refrigerator for further analysis.Results: Seed extract of Cucumismelo showed maximum efficiencies in the dissolution of the calcium oxalate crystals. Cystone drug was used as the standard. This in vitro study has shown that the methanolic extract of the seeds of Cucumismelo has the potential anti-urolithiatic activity when compared with the standard.Conclusion: This in vitro study has given the primary evidence that the extract of seeds of Cucumismelo has the anti-urolithiatic activity. In vivo studies can be carried out on the seed extract of Cucumismelo for further investigations.

An In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Utility of the “Air Test” to Infer Perineural Catheter Tip Location

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Kan ◽  
T. Kyle Harrison ◽  
T. Edward Kim ◽  
Steven K. Howard ◽  
Alex Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Perineural Catheter

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Coronal Sealing Materials in the Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tareq Hajaj ◽  
Antonis Perdiou ◽  
Cosmin Sinescu ◽  
Mihai Rominu ◽  
Meda Lavinia Negrutiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Sealing Materials

In vitro studies have shown that rapid penetration of bacteria in the entire root canal system may occur after endodontic treatment without a coronal seal. A proper restorative technique is necessary to ensure a coronal seal and protection of the residual dental structure. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the coronal sealing ability of the most relevant clinical materials by means of dye penetration (neutral red dye, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), through a light spectrometric device, and to establish which one of the tested dental materials possesses the best sealing ability. Forty-two extracted teeth were prepared and used for this experiment; they were sealed with 5 different cements. The flow composite had the best absorbance value with 0.00675 ± 0.00096 (mean ± standard deviation) for monoradicular samples and 0.025 ± 0.00129 for pluriradicular samples. Under the constraints of the present study, both flowable and packable composite materials can be recommended as orifice sealing materials to prevent microleakage in an endodontically treated tooth. To assess the clinical superiority of any material, further in vivo studies are required.

scholarly journals An In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of ACP Containing Pit and Fissure Sealant and Moisture Tolerant Pit and Fissure Sealant

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Rachna Mulani ◽  
Aditi Mathur
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Pit And Fissure Sealants ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Pit And Fissure Sealant

Background: Pits and fissure sealants are widely used to prevent caries in children. Microleakage is one of the most crucial factors resulting in sealant compromise. Factors pertaining to microleakage like, pre-treatment of occlusal surfaces, moisture control, bonding systems, and flowability of the sealant, will determine the longevity of the treatment. In vitro microleakage studies are useful in predicting the marginal sealing ability of pit and fissure sealants. Aim: This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the microleakage of ACP (Aegis®) containing pit and fissure sealant and moisture tolerant pit and fissure sealant (EmbraceTM WetbondTM). Study Design: In vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune. between June 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: 26 permanent non- carious premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. The sealants used for the analysis of microleakage were Aegis® and EmbraceTM WetbondTM pit and fissure sealants. The premolars were divided into two groups of 13 each. After sealant application, they were immersed in methylene blue dye. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling for 24 hours, after which The teeth were sectioned buccolingually and dye penetration was studied under a stereomicroscope (magnification 10X). Results: Both the groups were studied and statistically evaluated using Mann- Whitney U test. Aegis® showed higher microleakage in (46.2%) than Embrace (38%), though the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Both the materials showed microleakage, more In-vivo studies with longer follow- up periods are needed to evaluate and compare the clinical success of these pit & fissure sealants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Air Polishing With Different Abrasive Powders on the Roughness of Implant Abutment Surface: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rosa Biazussi ◽  
Vittoria Perrotti ◽  
Camillo D'Arcangelo ◽  
Carlos Nelson Elias ◽  
Marco Aurelio Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Amino Acid Glycine

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air polishing on the implant abutment surface using different abrasive powders: sodium bicarbonate and amino acid glycine. Fifteen grade III machined surface titanium disks with 8-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness were divided in 3 groups of 5 samples each and subjected to air polishing for 20 seconds with an Ultrajet Flex air-abrasive device and a distinct prophylaxis protocol: air and water (G1); air, water, and sodium bicarbonate (G2); and air, water; and amino acid glycine (G3). After the air polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured using an optical profilometer, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. We found that G1 and G3 had similar Ra, while Ra values for G2 were significantly higher. This study demonstrated that air-polishing powders containing glycine had less of an effect on the roughness of the surface of titanium disks compared with sodium bicarbonate powders. Future in vivo studies will be conducted to investigate the clinical relevance of the present results.

Hog and Beef Mucosal Heparin - In Vitro Study Using Different Assay Procedures

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Aiach ◽  
A. Kher ◽  
J. Mardiguian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Thrombosis Research ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure

In a previous study, on healthy volunteers two purified heparin preparations, obtained from hog and beef mucosausing the same manufacturing procedure, were compared for anticoagulant activity. Heparin levels measured by anti Xa assays and AFTT were not statistically different following subcutaneous or intravenous heparin injection, (M. Aiach, A. Kher, A. Kichaud, J. Mardiguian, M. Trillou, M. Leclerc - Thrombosis Research, to be published). An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the biological activity of these two heparins : thrombin clotting time was performed in plasma. Anti Xa activities were compared in purified system using human antithrombin III, or in plasma, and bovine and human activated factor X were used. Residual F Xa was evaluated with chromogenic substrate and in a clotting assay. The results will be reported in detail.In conclusion, the biological activity in vitro is higher for hog mucosal than for beef mucosal heparin when evaluated with sensitive and accurate methods. The in vivo study does not confirm these data. This discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo studies could be explained by individual variation of in vivo response to heparin and by dissimilarities in the distribution of molecular weight between these two heparins.

scholarly journals Primary Stability of Three Different Osteotomy Techniques in Medullary Bone: An in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Attanasio ◽  
Alessandro Antonelli ◽  
Ylenia Brancaccio ◽  
Fiorella Averta ◽  
Michele Mario Figliuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twist Drills

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to analyse the primary stability of 20 implants placed with Twist drills (TD) versus 20 implants placed with Summers osteotomes (SO) and 20 implants placed with B&B bone compactors (BC) in medullary bone (quality type III and type IV). Methods: The implants were placed in 10 fresh pig ribs fixed on a bench vice in order to avoid micro-movements during surgical procedures and measure recording. Peak insertion torque (PIT) and Peak removal torque (PRT) were recorded with MGT-12 digital torque gauge and ISQ was recorded through OSSTELL ISQ™ device by an independent operator. Results: Comparing our data (Tukey test p = 0.05), it was evidenced a statistically significant difference in the PIT between TD and BC groups (p = 0.01). Analysing ISQ data, there was a statistically significant difference between the TD and BC groups (p = 0.0001) and between the SO and BC groups (p = 0.014). The analysis of PRT evidenced a statistically significant difference between the TD and BC groups (p = 0.038). Conclusions: This study evidenced that bone compactor preparation can positively influence primary implant stability (PS), however further in vivo studies and a larger sample are necessary to assess the usefulness in several clinical settings.

scholarly journals Preclinical Drug Testing of the CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib in Combination With a PI3K or MEK Inhibitor in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHA LEN LEE ◽  
Razia Aslam ◽  
Mattia Cremona ◽  
Sean Kennedy ◽  
Stephen Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dual Inhibitor

Abstract Background: Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Palbociclib (CDK 4/6 inhibitor), Gedatolisib (PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor) and PD0325901 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) in colorectal cancer (CRC), however single agent therapeutics are often limited by resistance. The main purpose of this in vitro study is to comprehensively test two drug combinations [Palbociclib with Gedatolisib (P+G) and Palbociclib with PD0325901 (P+PD)] to determine the most synergistic combination for clinical development. Methods: We compared the anti-proliferative effects of both drug combinations in five CRC cell lines with various mutations (Caco-2, DLD-1, LS1034, SNUC4 and LS411N). Reverse Phase Protein Arrays was used to investigate the effects of P+G on the total and phosphoproteins of the signalling pathways. Results: Our results from toxicology experiments indicated that the P+G is a superior combination. The combination of P+G had synergistic anti-proliferative effects in all cell lines [CI range: 0.11-0.69]. The combination of P+PD is also synergistic in all cell lines [CI range: 0.06-0.44], except LS411N with BRAF V600E mutation [CI=14.7]. The combination of P+G caused significant suppression of S6rp(S240/244) in all cell lines, without AKT reactivation. This indicated efficient blockage of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, even in PIK3CA mutated cell lines. The combination of P+G induced BAX and Bcl-2 levels in PIK3CA mutated cell lines. The combination of P+G caused MAPK/ERK reactivation, as seen in total EGFR increase and this was not mutationally exclusive. Conclusion : This in vitro study demonstrated that the combination of P+G has synergistic anti-proliferative effects in both wild-type and mutated CRC cell lines. This data provides good rationale for further in vivo studies for P+G novel combinative therapy in CRC. Separately, the S6rp(S240/244) may serve a promising biomarker of responsiveness.

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