Effect of modifiable risk factors in Parkinson’s disease: A case-control study looking at common dietary factors, toxicants, and anti-inflammatory medications

Objective To investigate how common modifiable exposures, including dietary factors, select toxicants, and anti-inflammatory medications, may affect Parkinson’s disease. Methods Using surveys, a case-control study was conducted at a medical center, comparing Parkinson’s disease patients ( N = 149) and healthy controls ( N = 105). Subjects reported exposure to red meats, vegetables, alcohol, tobacco, anti-inflammatory medications, and pesticides. The relationship between exposures and Parkinson’s disease diagnosis was analyzed by logistic regression to generate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results Consuming red meat “sometimes” or “always” was positively associated with Parkinson’s disease as compared to eating red meats “rarely” or “never”; (odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 4.39; p = 0.03) and (odds ratio = 4.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.67, 11.94; p = 0.003), respectively. Exposure to pesticides showed a positive association with Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.34, 6.00; p = 0.007). “Always” use of aspirin was inversely associated with Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.70; p = 0.004). “Ever” having used anti-histamines was inversely associated with Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio = 0.37, 95% confidence interval = 0.17, 0.81; p = 0.01). Discussion Our study suggests that there are modifiable external factors that are associated with Parkinson’s disease. The present study can thus assist clinicians, policy makers, and people living with Parkinson’s disease in improving the experience and management of Parkinson’s disease.

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Anti-inflammatory drugs and variceal bleeding: a case-control study

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.44.2.270 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 270-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

V De Lédinghen ◽

D Heresbach ◽

O Fourdan ◽

P Bernard ◽

M P Liebaert-Bories ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Variceal Bleeding ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Oesophageal Varices ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Control Study

BackgroundNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can have severe gastrointestinal effects and cause peptic ulcers to bleed. Acute bleeding from oesophageal varices is a major complication of cirrhosis of the liver.AimsTo investigate the role, using a case-control study, of NSAIDs in first bleeding episodes associated with oesophageal or cardial varices in cirrhotic patients.Patients/MethodsA structured interview was conducted of 125 cirrhotic patients with bleeding mainly related to oesophageal varices and 75 cirrhotic controls with oesophageal varices who had never bled.ResultsCirrhotic patients who were admitted for bleeding related to portal hypertension were more likely to have used NSAIDs during the week before the index day (31 of 125 (25%)) than the cirrhotic controls (eight of 75 (11%); odds ratio = 2.8, p = 0.016). Use of aspirin alone or combined with other NSAIDs was also more prevalent in the cases (21 of 125 (17%)) than in the controls (three of 75 (4%); odds ratio = 4.9, p = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that NSAID use (p = 0.022, odds ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.8 to 4.7) and variceal size (p<0.001, odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 11.5) were the only variables independently associated with the risk of bleeding.ConclusionsAspirin, used alone or combined with other NSAIDs, was associated with a first variceal bleeding episode in patients with cirrhosis. Given the life threatening nature of this complication, the possible benefit of this treatment should be weighed against the risk shown here. No firm conclusions could be drawn on non-aspirin NSAIDs used alone.

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Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease: nested case-control study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.d198 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 342 (jan20 1) ◽

pp. d198-d198 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. A. Driver ◽

G. Logroscino ◽

L. Lu ◽

J. M. Gaziano ◽

T. Kurth

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Pneumonia Risk Associated with the Use of Individual Benzodiazepines and Benzodiazepine Related Drugs among the Elderly with Parkinson’s Disease

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9410

Author(s):

Kuang-Hua Huang ◽

Chih-Jaan Tai ◽

Yu-Hsiang Kuan ◽

Yu-Chia Chang ◽

Tung-Han Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Older Adult ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽

The Elderly ◽

Case Control ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Control Study

Most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) gradually develop oropharyngeal dysphagia which is often associated with pneumonia risk. The possible association of benzodiazepine (BZD) and benzodiazepine related drugs (BZRD) use with pneumonia risk has received increasing attention but remains controversial. We investigated pneumonia risk associated with the use of BZDs and BZRDs in older adult patients with PD. This case-control study analyzed data of 551,975 older adult patients with PD between 2001 and 2018 in Taiwan. To minimize potential confounding, we used 1:4 propensity score matching to include older adult patients without pneumonia as controls. Incident pneumonia risk was significantly higher in current (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.23–1.27) and past (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11–1.15) users of BZDs. Regarding BZRDs, recent (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.06–1.11) and past (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.88–0.91) users had higher and lower risks of incident pneumonia, respectively. Pneumonia risk varied based on their use of BZDs and BZRDs. In these individuals, incident pneumonia risk was high in users of BZDs, such as midazolam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, and clonazepam. Regarding the use of BZRDs, zopiclone increased incident pneumonia risk.

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Low-frequency and rare coding variants of NUS1 contribute to pathogenesis and phenotype of Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51745/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Jiang ◽

Jun-pu Mei ◽

Yu-wen Zhao ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Hong-xu Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Rare Variants ◽

Late Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background NUS1 has recently been identified as a candidate risk gene for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the contribution of NUS1 rare and low-frequency variants to PD susceptibility and phenotypes is largely unknown. Methods In our case-control study, whole-exome or Sanger sequencing was performed on the subjects (4,779 cases vs. 4,442 controls) to analyze the coding sequence of NUS1 . The associations between variants and phenotypic data were analyzed using sequence kernel association test and regression models. Results A total of 13 variants were identified. Ten of them in 12 patients and one control were rare variants and three were low-frequency variants. Three rare variants (R86L, N144K, D163H) might be pathogenic. We identified a significant burden of rare NUS1 variants in PD (adjusted P=0.016). Two low-frequency variants, rs550854234 and rs539668656, were associated with PD (odds ratio = 0.76, adjusted P = 0.041; odds ratio = 2.80, adjusted P = 0.016; respectively). Analyses stratified by age at onset showed that the same two variants were associated with late-onset PD (odds ratio = 0.66, adjusted P = 0.025; odds ratio = 2.96, adjusted P = 0.025; respectively). The genotype-phenotype associations of these variants showed that patients with PD carrying rare variants, rs550854234 or rs539668656 were significantly associated with earlier onset age, emotional impairment and tremor severity. Conclusions Our study suggests that rare and low-frequency NUS1 variants play an important role in the pathogenesis and phenotype of PD. Moreover, our data will help understand the role of NUS1 plays in the pathogenesis of PD and further the development of personalized treatments for PD.

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Case-Control Study of Early Life Dietary Factors in Parkinson's Disease

Archives of Neurology ◽

10.1001/archneur.1988.00520360068014 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1350-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

L. I. Golbe ◽

T. M. Farrell ◽

P. H. Davis

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Early Life ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Control Study

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Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-021-00341-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽

Tahia H. Saleem ◽

Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽

Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽

Ashraf Khodaery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

And Control ◽

Non Motor Symptoms ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

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Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82912-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Félix Caballero ◽

Ellen A. Struijk ◽

Alberto Lana ◽

Antonio Buño ◽

Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Control Study ◽

Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

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1.128 Are there multisensory defcits in early Parkinson's disease? A case-control study

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70399-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. S40-S41

Author(s):

V. Pieri ◽

M. Vaillant ◽

S. Blyth ◽

G. Hipp ◽

N.J. Diederich

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Early Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Control Study

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Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02748-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicitas Schulz ◽

Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽

Nadine Zwink ◽

Charlotte Bendixen ◽

Florian Kipfmueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Parental Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

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