scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Abelyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

scholarly journals Bio-mechanical risk factors for uterine prolapse among women living in the hills of west Nepal: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550651989517
Author(s):  
Hridaya Raj Devkota ◽  
Tula Ram Sijali ◽  
Carisa Harris ◽  
Dirgha J Ghimire ◽  
Ndola Prata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To investigate whether heavy load carrying, wearing a patuka, and body position at work are risk factors for uterine prolapse among Nepali women. Methods: Community-based case-control study of 448 women (170 cases of uterine prolapse; 278 controls) aged 18–60 years in Kaski district, Nepal was conducted. Women diagnosed with uterine prolapse were cases. Two controls were recruited for each case, frequency-matched by residential area and age. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations between outcome and exposures. Results: No association of heavy load carrying with uterine prolapse was observed; women who never used a patuka had lower odds of uterine prolapse (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.71). Women working in a sitting position had higher odds than those working in a standing position (odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.74–4.96), as did women who mainly worked in a bending position (odds ratio = 2.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–5.34). Housewives were more prone to uterine prolapse than women engaged in farming (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–3.47). Conclusion: Using a patuka, occupation, and body position during work were all associated with uterine prolapse. No association was found with heavy load carrying, although that might be attributable to the cross-sectional nature of study recruitment.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Factors for Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case-Control Study in Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Adani ◽  
Tommaso Filippini ◽  
Caterina Garuti ◽  
Marcella Malavolti ◽  
Giulia Vinceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Background: Early-onset dementia (EOD) is defined as dementia with symptom onset before 65 years. The role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of EOD is still undefined. We aimed at assessing the role of environmental risk factors in EOD etiology, taking into account its different clinical types. Methods: Using a case-control study, we recruited all EOD cases referred to Modena hospitals from 2016 to 2019, while the referent population was drawn from cases’ caregivers. We investigated residential history, occupational and environmental exposures to chemicals and lifestyle behaviors through a self-administered questionnaire. We computed the odds ratios of EOD risk (overall and restricting to the Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnoses) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals using an unconditional logistic regression model. Results: Fifty-eight EOD patients (19 FTD and 32 AD) and 54 controls agreed to participate. Most of the investigated exposures, such as occupational exposure to aluminum, pesticides, dyes, paints or thinners, were associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for FTD but not for AD. Long-term use of selenium-containing dietary supplements was associated with increased OR for EOD and, particularly, for FTD. For both EOD forms, smoking and playing football showed an increased odds ratio, while cycling was associated with increased risk only in FTD. Overall sports practice appeared to be a protective factor for both types. Conclusions: Our results suggest a role of environmental and behavioral risk factors such as some chemical exposures and professional sports in EOD etiology, in particular with reference to FTD. Overall sports practice may be associated with a reduced EOD risk.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Isolation of Strains Susceptible Only to Polymyxin among Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2541-2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Patra K. Koletsi ◽  
Petros Kopterides ◽  
Argyris Michalopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains susceptible only to polymyxin from blood by comparing data between 16 patients with blood isolates that were susceptible only to polymyxins and 40 patients with blood isolates that were susceptible to carbapenems. The multivariable analysis showed that exposure to carbapenems was associated with the development of P. aeruginosa bacteremia susceptible only to polymyxin (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 34.3; P = 0.001).

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

Risk Factors for Measles Vaccine Failure Among Immunized Students

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Harry F. Hull ◽  
Jean M. Montes ◽  
Patricia C. Hays ◽  
Robert L. Lucero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School System ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of measles occurred in a municipal school system which had reported 98% of students immunized against measles. A case-control study was conducted to determine reasons for vaccine failure Vaccine failure was associated with immunizations that could not be documented in the provider's records. Among children with provider-documented immunization, vaccine failure was associated with vaccination at 12 to 14 months of age with an odds ratio of 4.73. Among children vaccinated at 15 months or older, vaccine failure was not associated with time elapsed since vaccination. Studies should be conducted to determine whether unreliable immunization records are a more widespread problem. Further consideration should be given to routine revaccination of children previously vaccinated at 12 to 14 months of age.

scholarly journals Familial, Social and Environmental Risk Factors in Autism: A Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jahan ◽  
SZR Rezina Parvin ◽  
D Bugum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Delay Group ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
Control Study

This case-control study was done to identify the correlation between the familial, social and environmental risk factors and autism. This hospital and specialized centre based study done from January 2002 to November, 2004. Thirty two children from the autism group and 14 children from the control group were enrolled. Mean age were 3.75 yrs. and 2.83 yrs. respectively. Significant proportion of children were in the highest birth orders, 68.8% in autism and 78.6% in the control group. Full term children were 96.9% and 92.9% respectively. 53.1% children in the autism and 57.1% in the normal speech delay group were born by cesarean sections. Higher education of parents in autism group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Too much watching TV, inadequate opportunity to mix with peers and inadequate interactive relationship with the family members in the early childhood were significantly (p= 0.001) related to the development of autism.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (3): 113-117

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Jiahui Ma ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the susceptibility to the infection of herpes zoster (HZ). Less is known about the risk factors of HZ in CKD patients.Methods and Participants: This is a case-control study. CKD patients diagnosed with HZ infection between January 2015 and October 2020 in a tertiary hospital were identified. One age- and gender- matched control was paired for each case, matched to the date of initial HZ diagnose. The uni- and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for development of HZ in CKD patients.Results: Forty-six HZ patients and controls were identified. In general, about 80% (72 out of 92) patients were classified at end-stage renal disease (ESRD, CKD Ⅳ to Ⅴ). Multivariate analyses revealed that immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio: 12.50, 95% CI: 1.53-102.26, P=0.021) and dialysis (odds ratio: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.13-9.78, P=0.029) were independent risk factors of HZ in patient with CKD. Conclusion: Immunosuppressive medication and dialysis were associated with HZ infection in CKD. Further guideline may highlight the necessity of zoster vaccine for patients with CKD, who undertake immunosuppressive or dialysis treatment.

Abstract WP369: Long Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a Nationwide, Multicenter Case-control Study

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Jung Kim ◽  
Chi Kyung Kim ◽  
Yerim Kim ◽  
Han-Gil Jeong ◽  
Kiwoong Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Sleep duration has been regarded as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Short sleep duration is linked with higher stroke incidence, and mortality. Moreover, and paradoxically, long sleep duration is also reported to be positively associated with stroke incidence. However, the impact of sleep duration on the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk remains unclear. Hypothesis: We assessed the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of ICH. Methods: We performed a nationwide, multicenter matched case-control study to investigate the risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke, using patients from 33 hospitals in Korea. We enrolled a total of 490 patients with ICH and 980 age- and sex-matched controls. We obtained information regarding sleep, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and medical history before ICH onset, using qualified structured questionnaires. Sleep duration was categorized as ≤5, 6, 7, 8, and ≥9 hours. We chose sleep duration of 7 h as the reference duration. Results: The included patients were mostly male (58.2%) with a mean age of 57 years. The number of subjects with long sleep duration, more than 8 h, was significantly greater in the ICH group than in the control group (≥8 h, 30.4% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.002). Compared to 7 h, long sleep duration participants tended to be older, be more hypertensive, and be more likely to have blue collar jobs, lower education levels, and poorer marital status (i.e., unmarried or divorced/separated). After controlling for confounding factors, we found that longer sleep duration was independently associated with the risk of ICH in a dose-response manner (8 h: Odds ratio, 1.44; confidence interval, 1.01-2.07; ≥9 h: Odds ratio, 2.60; confidence interval, 1.50–4.49). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggested that long sleep duration is positively related to ICH risk in a dose-dependent manner. In this context, our data might suggest that sleep duration is a modifiable risk factor for ICH.

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