Cultures and Selves

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Rose Markus ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

The study of culture and self casts psychology’s understanding of the self, identity, or agency as central to the analysis and interpretation of behavior and demonstrates that cultures and selves define and build upon each other in an ongoing cycle of mutual constitution. In a selective review of theoretical and empirical work, we define self and what the self does, define culture and how it constitutes the self (and vice versa), define independence and interdependence and determine how they shape psychological functioning, and examine the continuing challenges and controversies in the study of culture and self. We propose that a self is the “me” at the center of experience—a continually developing sense of awareness and agency that guides actions and takes shape as the individual, both brain and body, becomes attuned to various environments. Selves incorporate the patterning of their various environments and thus confer particular and culture-specific form and function to the psychological processes they organize (e.g., attention, perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, interpersonal relationship, group). In turn, as selves engage with their sociocultural contexts, they reinforce and sometimes change the ideas, practices, and institutions of these environments.

Emerson’s Operative Mood

Xenocitizens ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Jason Berger
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Universal Reason

This chapter reexamines Ralph Waldo Emerson’s early thinking about the relation of the individual to universal Reason, revealing that Emerson’s writing is philosophically consistent in its insistence that the human self is “operative” in form and function. Shifting our conceptual perspective from a traditional Matthiessenian notion of an “optative mood” to something of a Badiouian “operative mood” opens up new ways to consider how, across the early works, the Emersonian self is shaped by interactions with an impersonal Other as well as the ways these interactions influence the self’s relation to historical landscapes. Intervening in scholarship on Emersonian personhood by scholars such as Sharon Cameron, Branka Arsić, and Donald Pease, this chapter offers an original version of Emerson’s political vision, one that finds in his theory of “religious sentiment” a model for the self that may reframe all of Emerson’s corpus.

Self, Indian theories of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Rukmani
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Ultimate Principle ◽  
Ultimate Nature

Hindu thought traces its different conceptions of the self to the earliest extant Vedic sources composed in the Sanskrit language. The words commonly used in Hindu thought and religion for the self are jīva (life), ātman (breath), jīvātman (life-breath), puruṣa (the essence that lies in the body), and kṣetrajña (one who knows the body). Each of these words was the culmination of a process of inquiry with the purpose of discovering the ultimate nature of the self. By the end of the ancient period, the personal self was regarded as something eternal which becomes connected to a body in order to exhaust the good and bad karma it has accumulated in its many lives. This self was supposed to be able to regain its purity by following different spiritual paths by means of which it can escape from the circle of births and deaths forever. There is one more important development in the ancient and classical period. The conception of Brahman as both immanent and transcendent led to Brahman being identified with the personal self. The habit of thought that tried to relate every aspect of the individual with its counterpart in the universe (Ṛg Veda X. 16) had already prepared the background for this identification process. When the ultimate principle in the subjective and objective spheres had arrived at their respective ends in the discovery of the ātman and Brahman, it was easy to equate the two as being the same spiritual ‘energy’ that informs both the outer world and the inner self. This equation had important implications for later philosophical growth. The above conceptions of the self-identity question find expression in the six systems of Hindu thought. These are known as āstikadarśanas or ways of seeing the self without rejecting the authority of the Vedas. Often, one system or the other may not explicitly state their allegiance to the Vedas, but unlike Buddhism or Jainism, they did not openly repudiate Vedic authority. Thus they were āstikadarśanas as opposed to the others who were nāstikadarśanas. The word darśana for philosophy is also significant if one realizes that philosophy does not end with only an intellectual knowing of one’s self-identity but also culminates in realizing it and truly becoming it.

Self-limitation as the basis of environmentally sustainable care of the self

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sťahel
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWhen we abandon the neoliberal fiction that one is independent on the grounds that it is a-historic and antisocial, we realize that everyone is dependent and interdependent. In a media-driven society the self-identity of the individual is formed within the framework of the culture-ideology of consumerism from early childhood. As a result, both the environmental and social destruction have intensified. In the global era, or in the era of the global environmental crisis, self-identity as a precondition for environmentally sustainable care of the self should be based on the culture-ideology of human rights and responsibilities, and on conscious self-limitation which realizes that one’s prosperity and security cannot come at the expense of others. Care of the self is about ensuring the habitability of the global environment as the primary interest of each individual.

Religious Ideas and Social Action in Gurage Bond-Friendship

Africa ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Shack
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
And Function

Opening ParagraphInstitutions of bond-friendship as a form of voluntary association exist in many societies and, when viewed cross-tribally, they show considerable variation both in form and function.1 Even so, variations in the order of bond-friendship associations seem related to a common theme: namely, that there is an exchange of goods and/or services between parties to a ritual covenant that is reinforced by supernatural sanctions; and that protestations of mutual goodwill, together with calling for imprecations of evil to befall the individual who breaks the agreement, are elements which bind the covenant.

scholarly journals Space forming a community, community forming a space

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Zorán Vukoszávlyev
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

The identity is expressed in a self-picture, which has visible and immaterial marks. The church architecture is the essential appearance form of this, because it represents not the individual but the community. It gives an account of the self-identity conscience of the church through the community. In this way, architecture gets a great task: physically visualising this immaterial identity. This picture is formed with respect to the technical and aesthetic knowledge.Does the basically recognizable protestant form exist? Are there ground-plans or spatial form elements, which are the obligate characteristics of these churches? Reflected well on the theological questions, we seek to detect what can determine the identity of the protestant churches in an aesthetic sense by a research highlighting the most important decesions on theological background and churches built in a term of a century.

scholarly journals FASION AS THE MEANS OF PERSONALITY SELF-IDENTITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Iryna Hrynyk
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The article carries out theoretical and empirical analysis of features of personality᾿s self-identity by means of fashion. It presents theoretical analysis of the main approaches to the interpretation of fashion and its evolution in the process of social development and describes the content characteristics of fashion as a social and psychological phenomenon and its impact on the individual identification and self-presentation. It has been determined that fashion is an important mechanism of self-presentation and identification of the individual with a certain social group. The author clarifies the scale of the fashion influence on the self-identification and self-presentation of the personality and its possible consequence revealing the psychological mechanisms of young people᾿s interest in modern fashion. The empirical study of the role and influence of fashion on self-presentation among students has been carried out. According to quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results obtained factors and the relationship between them have been singled out, which are the key to the self-identity of personality. It is confirmed that the studied groups of students perceive fashion as a means to emphasize their individuality; they have a clear need for material well-being, prestige, popularity.

scholarly journals A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TERM AND PHENOMENON OF "VIRTUAL EDUCATIONAL SPACE" IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTING OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Hanna Hubska
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The Individual

The retrospective analysis of the term and phenomenon of "virtual educational space" revealed the need to develop a theoretical model of using the virtual educational environment, identifying ways of its effective application, where the implementation of international educational activities is not an exception. In addition, the virtualization of the educational environment also causes a certain number of threats regarding the risks of functioning in the conditions of real society and the self-identity of the individual due to, so to speak, virtual transitions from one virtual reality to another and existence in reality.

scholarly journals Becoming a strategist: The roles of strategy discourse and ontological security in managerial identity work

2020 ◽  
pp. 147612702090878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saku Mantere ◽  
Richard Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Identity Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Basis ◽  
Opening Up

What is the managerial identity work involved in becoming a “strategist”? Building on a rich, longitudinal set of interviews, we uncover three tactics through which managers mobilize the strategist identity. The self-measurement tactic uses strategy discourse as a normative measuring stick for evaluating the individual as a manager. The self-construction tactic uses strategy discourse as a blueprint for realizing career aspirations. The final self-actualization tactic uses strategy discourse as an emotional basis for crafting meaning into work. We find that strategy discourse can play both disciplinary and emancipatory roles, influenced by managers’ sense of ontological security. The article highlights the importance of social-psychological processes in strategist identity work and discusses implications for the contemporary opening up of strategy and for other similarly loosely structured occupational groups.

On Tanabe’s Logic of Species

1998 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Makoto Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
The Self ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Kyoto School ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kyoto School Of Philosophy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nishida Kitaro ◽  
The Trinity

Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962), another pole of the so-called Kyoto-School of Philosophy of modern Japan, attempts to construct a dialectical, triadic logic of genus, species and individual as a creative synthesis between Eastern and Western philosophy. Although the formal pattern of his method is influenced by the Hegelian dialectic, the way of his thinking is rather prevailed by Kantian dualism. This makes a sharp contrast to his mentor Nishida Kitaro, whose logic of Topos or Place qua Absolute Nothingness is criticized as all-embracing and static in character by him. The difference between them might be parallel to that of Greek and Latin theology concerning the Trinity. Tanabe never presupposes any preexistent entity as the primordial One in the eternal dimension, but rather maintains the individuality as the free subjective agent in the field of history. The dichotomy between the universal and the individual is overcome in and through the mediation of the third term— the species — as the negatively self-realized, specific form of the genus. The species, however, turns out to be the self-estrangement, when it loses the perpetually negative mediation of the free subjective activity of the individual.

The Form and Function of DialecticalCinécriturein Beckett'sCompany

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
The Self ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Deep Focus ◽  
And Function

In this essay I argue that throughout Company Beckett adopts the technique of dialectical montage, which he encountered in the work of Eisenstein, to create a radically new autographical form of transmedial cinécriture. I suggest that this cinécriture enables Beckett not only intellectually to communicate the provisionality of self to readers, but also bodily to engage readers in a dialectical dynamic by which they directly experience the self for what it really is: an always-provisional synthesis in an always-provisional time and space. I begin the essay by considering the motivating factors that may have compelled Beckett to combine elements of film, radio, and prose in the late 1970s, after decades of resisting transmedial adaptations. I then examine the form and function of dialectical montage and constructive editing in Company. Next, I outline the form and function of intellectual montage and deep-focus space-time throughout the text and, in particular, in the penultimate watch sequence. Finally, I elaborate upon the ethical implications of the dialectic that these techniques set in motion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document