scholarly journals The International comparison of Systems of care and patient outcomes In minor Stroke and Tia (InSIST) study: A community-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Levi ◽  
Daniel Lasserson ◽  
Debbie Quain ◽  
Jose Valderas ◽  
Helen M Dewey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Processes Of Care ◽  
General Practices ◽  
The Impact

Rationale Rapid response by health-care systems for transient ischemic attack and minor stroke (TIA/mS) is recommended to maximize the impact of secondary prevention strategies. The applicability of this evidence to Australian non-hospital-based TIA/mS management is uncertain. Aims Within an Australian community setting we seek to document processes of care, establish determinants of access to care, establish attack rates and determinants of recurrent vascular events and other clinical outcomes, establish the performance of ABC2-risk stratification, and compare the processes of care and outcomes to those in the UK and New Zealand for TIA/mS. Sample size estimates Recruiting practices containing approximately 51 full-time-equivalent general practitioners to recruit 100 TIA/mS per year over a four-year study period will provide sufficient power for each of our outcomes. Methods and design An inception cohort study of patients with possible TIA/mS recruited from 16 general practices in the Newcastle-Hunter Valley-Manning Valley region of Australia. Potential TIA/mS will be ascertained by multiple overlapping methods at general practices, after-hours collaborative, and hospital in-patient and outpatient services. Participants’ index and subsequent clinical events will be adjudicated as TIA/mS or mimics by an expert panel. Study outcomes Process outcomes—whether the patient was referred for secondary care; time from event to first patient presentation to a health professional; time from event to specialist acute-access clinic appointment; time from event to brain and vascular imaging and relevant prescriptions. Clinical outcomes—recurrent stroke and major vascular events; and health-related quality of life. Discussion Community management of TIA/mS will be informed by this study.

Abstract WP116: Association Between Smoking Status, Platelet Function and Clinical Outcomes of Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yang ◽  
Yilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Impact

Background: Association between smoking status, platelet function and clinical outcomes of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic stroke (TIA) remains unclear. Methods: A subgroup analysis was conducted of Platelet Reactivity in Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (PRINCE) trial. PRINCE trial was a randomized, prospective, multicenter, open-label, active-controlled, and blind-endpoint trial, which randomized patients with acute minor stroke, or TIA, to ticagrelor plus aspirin or clopidogrel plus aspirin within 24 hours of symptoms onset. Patients who smoked at least one cigarette per day for at least one year in their lives were defined as smokers. Platelet reactivity was assessed by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay at baseline, 7+2 days and 90±7 days. High-on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) was defined as P2Y12 reaction units >208.Clinical outcomes included any stroke, composite clinical vascular events and bleeding events at 90 days. Results: Among 675 patients enrolled in the PRINCE trial, 370 patients (54.8%) were smokers. At 7+2 days, the proportion of HOPR in ticagrelor versus clopidogrel was significantly lower in smokers (5.2% versus 21.8%) and non-smokers (2.3% versus 34.4%). There were marginal significant interactions between treatment groups and smoking status for the proportion of HOPR ( P =0.058). There were significant interactions between treatment groups and carrier status of CYP2C19 LOF alleles for the proportion of HOPR among smokers ( P =0.04), but no significant interactions were found among non-smokers ( P =0.91). At 90±7 days, there were significant interactions between treatment groups and smoking status for the risk of new stroke (smokers, 7.0% versus 4.9%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.57 [95%CI, 0.65-3.79], P =0.39; non-smokers, 5.3% versus 13.5%, HR, 0.39 [95%CI, 0.17-0.91], P =0.01. P for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Among patients with minor stroke or TIA, ticagrelor might be superior to clopidogrel in inhibiting platelet reactivity and reducing the risk of stroke, particularly in non-smokers. Carrier status of CYP2C19 LOF alleles might play a role in the impact of smoking status. Clinical Trial Registration : Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02506140.

Abstract 162: Processes of Care that are Associated With Reduced Risk of Recurrent Vascular Events Among Patients With a Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Bravata ◽  
Laura Myers ◽  
Mat Reeves ◽  
Eric Cheng ◽  
Fitsum Baye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Vascular Event ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Processes Of Care ◽  
Free Care ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background: Interventions that emphasize early evaluation and management of patients with TIA and minor stroke have demonstrated reductions in recurrent vascular events. Objective: To identify processes of care that were associated with reduced risk of recurrent vascular events after TIA or minor stroke. Methods: We identified patients with a TIA or minor stroke cared for in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Emergency Department or inpatient ward (fiscal year 2011). Recurrent vascular events included ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia or death within 90-days and 1-year of discharge. 32 processes of care were examined. Defect-free care was assessed for a set of 6 processes (brain imaging, carotid artery imaging, hypertension management, high or moderate potency statin, antithrombotics, and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation); patients who received all processes for which they were eligible passed the defect-free measure. Multivariable logistic regression with a random facility effect was used to model recurrent events. Clinically important potential confounders were forced into all models; other significant covariates were identified by backward selection. Results: Among 8107 patients, 14.0% had a recurrent vascular event within 90-days; 26.5% within 1-year. Three processes were associated with lower 90-day events after adjustment for 24 covariates: carotid artery imaging (adjusted OR, 0.74 [95%CI, 0.65-0.85], lipid measurement (0.80 [0.68-0.94]), and anticoagulation quality for atrial fibrillation (0.56 [0.35-0.88]). Three processes were associated with reduced 1-year events: carotid artery imaging (0.80 [0.71-0.89]), lipid measurement (0.85 [0.75-0.97]), and timely carotid stenosis intervention (0.49 [0.26-0.94]). The defect-free care rate, observed in 17.4%, was also associated with a reduction in recurrent vascular event risk both within 90-days (0.78 [0.65-0.93]) and 1-year (0.82 [0.71-0.94]). Conclusions: The delivery of a comprehensive set of clinical processes was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in short and longer-term risk of recurrent vascular events. Widespread implementation of these processes should be strongly considered.

scholarly journals Cost-Consequences Analysis of Increased Utilization of Triple-Chamber-Bag Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Neonates in Seven European Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Alexander Kriz ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
Mattias Paulsson ◽  
Stephen Tomlin ◽  
Venetia Simchowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Consequence Analysis ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
The Impact

The safety of parenteral nutrition (PN) remains a concern in preterm neonates, impacting clinical outcomes and health-care-resource use and costs. This cost-consequence analysis assessed national-level impacts of a 10-percentage point increase in use of industry-prepared three-chamber bags (3CBs) on clinical outcomes, healthcare resources, and hospital budgets across seven European countries. A ten-percentage-point 3CB use-increase model was developed for Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the UK. The cost-consequence analysis estimated the impact on compounding error harm and bloodstream infection (BSI) rates, staff time, and annual hospital budget. Of 265,000 (52%) preterm neonates, 133,000 (52%) were estimated to require PN. Baseline compounding methods were estimated as 43% pharmacy manual, 16% pharmacy automated, 22% ward, 9% outsourced, 3% industry provided non-3CBs, and 7% 3CBs. A modeled increased 3CB use would change these values to 39%, 15%, 18%, 9%, 3%, and 17%, respectively. Modeled consequences included −11.6% for harm due to compounding errors and −2.7% for BSIs. Labor time saved would equate to 41 specialized nurses, 29 senior pharmacists, 26 pharmacy assistants, and 22 senior pediatricians working full time. Budget impact would be a €8,960,601 (3.4%) fall from €260,329,814 to €251,369,212. Even a small increase in the use of 3CBs in preterm neonates could substantially improve neonatal clinical outcomes, and provide notable resource and cost savings to hospitals.

scholarly journals Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Calcification in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Is a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke, Vascular Disease, and Death: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Jožef Magdič ◽  
Nino Cmor ◽  
Matevž Kaube ◽  
Tanja Hojs Fabjan ◽  
Larissa Hauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Case Control ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽  
The Impact

Intracranial artery calcification can be detected on nonenhanced brain computer tomography (NECT) and is a predictor of early vascular events. Here, we assessed the impact of vertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBC) on the long-term risk for recurrent stroke and vascular events. We performed a case-control trial of all consecutive stroke patients admitted to the University Hospital of Maribor, Slovenia over a period of 14 months. VBC was defined as presence of a hyperdense area within vertebrobasilar arteries that exceeds > 90 Hounsfield units as seen on NECT. Clinical follow-up information was obtained from the hospital documentation system and mortality registry of the district and included recurrent stroke, subsequent vascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral arterial occlusive disease), and death. We followed a total of 448 patients for a median of 1505 days (interquartile range, IQR 188-2479). Evidence for VBC was present in 243 (54.2%) patients. Median age was 76 years, recurrent stroke occurred in 33 (7.4%), any vascular events in 71 (15.8%), and death in 276 (61.6%). VBC was associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, HR 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.35–7.20)) and vascular events (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.21–3.47). Advanced age, male gender, and ischemic stroke involving the entire anterior circulation raised the likelihood for death. We conclude that the presence of VBC in patients with ischemic stroke is a short- and long-term prognostic factor for stroke recurrence and subsequent manifestation of acute vascular disease. Further understanding of the pathophysiology of VBC is warranted.

scholarly journals Impact of a multifactorial treatment programme on clinical outcomes and cardiovascular risk estimates: a retrospective cohort study from a specialised diabetes centre in Denmark

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Safai ◽  
Bendix Carstensen ◽  
Henrik Vestergaard ◽  
Martin Ridderstråle
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Risk Engine ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of a multifactorial treatment programme in a real-life setting on clinical outcomes and estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.DesignA retrospective observational cohort study, using data from the electronic medical records and national registers.SettingTertiary diabetes centre in Denmark.ParticipantsPatients with type 2 diabetes (n=4299) referred to a programme with focus on treatment of hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia between 1 January 2001 and 1 April 2016.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were changes in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as proportion reaching treatment targets. Our secondary outcome was to investigate changes in antidiabetic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment, together with the impact on estimated CVD risk. Linear mixed model for repeated measurements were used for continuous variables and logistic regression for dichotomous variables.ResultsThe patients achieved a mean±SD decrease in HbA1c, systolic and diastolic BP and LDL cholesterol of 1.0%±0.04% (10.6±0.4 mmol/mol), 6.3±0.4 mm Hg, 2.7±0.2 mm Hg and 0.32±0.02 mmol/L, respectively (p<0.0001). The proportion of patients who met the treatment goal for HbA1c(<7% (<53 mmol/mol)) increased from 31% to 58% (p<0.0001); for BP (<130/80 mm Hg) from 24% to 34% (p<0.0001), and for LDL cholesterol (<2.5 mmol/L (patients without previous CVD) or <1.8 mmol/L (patients with previous CVD)) from 52% to 65%. Those reaching all three guideline treatment targets increased from 4% to 15% (p<0.0001), and when relaxing the BP target to <140/85 from 8% to 24%. The estimated CVD risk was relatively reduced by 15.2% using the Swedish National Diabetes Register risk engine and 30.9% using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine.ConclusionsOur data support that short-term multifactorial treatment of patients with glycaemic dysregulation in a specialist outpatient setting is both achievable and effective, and associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in CVD risk.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Asymptomatic Status When Starting Antiretroviral Therapy on Adherence and Treatment Outcomes and Implications for Test and Treat: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy R Glass ◽  
Huldrych F Günthard ◽  
Alexandra Calmy ◽  
Enos Bernasconi ◽  
Alexandra U Scherrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the advent of universal test-and-treat , more people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) are asymptomatic with a preserved immune system. We explored the impact of asymptomatic status on adherence and clinical outcomes. Methods PLHIV registered in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) between 2003 and 2018 were included. We defined asymptomatic as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage A within 30 days of starting ART, non-adherence as any self-reported missed doses and viral failure as two consecutive viral load&gt;50 copies/mL after &gt;24 weeks on ART. Using logistic regression models, we measured variables associated with asymptomatic status and adherence and Cox proportional hazard models to assess association between symptom status and viral failure. Results Of 7131 PLHIV, 76% started ART when asymptomatic and 1478 (22%) experienced viral failure after a median of 1.9 years (interquartile range, 1.1–4.2). In multivariable models, asymptomatic PLHIV were more likely to be younger, men who have sex with men, better educated, have unprotected sex, have a HIV-positive partner, have a lower viral load, and have started ART more recently. Asymptomatic status was not associated with nonadherence (odds ratio, 1.03 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .93–1.15]). Asymptomatic PLHIV were at a decreased risk of viral failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, .76–1.00]) and less likely to develop resistance (14% vs 27%, P &lt; .001) than symptomatic PLHIV. Conclusions Despite concerns regarding lack of readiness, our study found no evidence of adherence issues or worse clinical outcomes in asymptomatic PLHIV starting ART.

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