Proximal cueing to reduce elbow extension levels in suspect spin bowlers: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane J Middleton ◽  
Denny JM Wells ◽  
Daryl H Foster ◽  
Jacqueline A Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Flexion Extension

Cricket bowlers must be able to deliver the ball with less than 15° of elbow extension or face suspension. The aim of this case study was to report the findings of a technique remediation programme on the elbow joint kinematics of an international cricket bowler. The bowler underwent a three-dimensional bowling analysis to measure his elbow joint kinematics before and after a technique remediation programme. The bowler was required to bowl six deliveries of each of his off-break, quicker and doosra variations. The remediation programme focussed on modifying the bowler’s run-up, shoulder alignment and ball/hand position at back foot impact. Elbow joint waveform data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping tests and coefficient of multiple determination. Elbow flexion–extension angles at discrete events were compared pre- and post-remediation using paired-sample t-tests. Results showed that the remediation programme was effective in reducing the amount of elbow flexion, particularly in the first 60% of the delivery cycle. Elbow extension range was significantly lower post-remediation for the off-break and quicker deliveries. It was concluded that basic short-term technique remediation can be effective in reducing elbow extension range.

Kinematics and Laxity of Ulnohumeral Joint Under Valgus-Varus Stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Kai-Nan An ◽  
Bernard F. Morrey
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Varus Stress ◽  
Baseline Information

Three-dimensional kinematics of the ulnohumeral joint under simulated active elbow joint flexion-extension was obtained by using an electromagnetic tacking device. The joint motion was analyzed based on Eulerian angle description. In order to minimize the effect of "downstream cross-talk" on calculation of the three Eulerian angles, an optimal axis to best represent flexion-extension of the elbow joint was established. This axis, on average, is close to the line joining the centers of the capitellum and the trochlear groove. Furthermore, joint laxity under valgus-varus stress was also examined. With the weight of the forearm as the stress, maximums of 7.6° valgus-varus laxity and 5.3° axial rotation laxity were observed within a range of elbow flexion. The results of this study provide useful baseline information on joint laxity for the evaluation of elbow joints with implant replacements and other surgical treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Analysis of human-exoskeleton interactions: an elbow flexion/extension case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S9-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bastide ◽  
N. Vignais ◽  
F. Geffard ◽  
B. Berret
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension

Mind-Muscle Connection: Verbal Instructions Alter Electromyographic Activity for Elbow Flexors and Extensors During Co-Contraction Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252094908
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Fujita ◽  
Marina M. Villalba ◽  
Nilson R. S. Silva ◽  
Matheus M. Pacheco ◽  
Matheus M. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Verbal Instruction ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Lateral Head

Co-contraction training has demonstrated similar electromyographic (EMG) activity levels compared to conventional strength training. Since verbal instructions can increase EMG activity on target muscles during conventional exercises, the same should occur during co-contraction. In this study we analyzed whether different verbal instructions would alter the EMG activity of target muscles - biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii lateral head (TB) - during co-contraction training for the elbow joint. Seventeen males with experience in strength training performed a co-contraction set in two verbal instruction conditions to emphasize either elbow flexion or elbow extension. Surface electrodes were fixed over biceps brachii and triceps brachii lateral head muscles. We measured EMG mean amplitude and analyzed data with 2-way ANOVA. We found a significant interaction between muscle and verbal instruction ( p = 0.002). Post hoc tests indicated that verbal instructions ( p = 0.001) influenced the BB EMG activity (elbow flexion: M = 68.74, SD = 17.96%; elbow extension: M = 53.47, SD = 16.13%); and also showed difference ( p = 0.006) in the EMG activity between BB and TB with verbal instruction emphasizing the elbow extension (BB: M = 53.47, SD = 16.13%; TB: M = 69.18, SD = 21.79%). There was a difference in the EMG ratio of BB/TB ( p = 0.001) when focusing on elbow flexion ( M = 1.09, SD = 0.30) versus elbow extension ( M = 0.81, SD = 0.25). As verbal instruction modified the magnitude of muscle recruitment during co-contractions for elbow joint muscles, there is a clear mind-muscle connection of importance to this method of training. Also, of importance to trainers, verbal instructions seemed to affect individuals differentially.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Role and Motion Contribution of Ligaments and Bony Constraints in the Elbow Stability: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Panero ◽  
Laura Gastaldi ◽  
Mara Terzini ◽  
Cristina Bignardi ◽  
Arman Sard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Elbow Instability ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Coronoid Fracture ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Functional Investigation

In flexion–extension motion, the interaction of several ligaments and bones characterizes the elbow joint stability. The aim of this preliminary study was to quantify the relative motion of the ulna with respect to the humerus in two human upper limbs specimens and to investigate the constraints role for maintaining the elbow joint stability in different section conditions. Two clusters of four markers were fixed respectively to the ulna and humerus, and their trajectory was recorded by a motion capture system during functional orthopedic maneuver. Considering the posterior bundle of medial collateral complex (pMUCL) and the coronoid, two section sequences were executed. The orthopedic maneuver of compression, pronation and varus force was repeated at 30°, 60° and 90° flexion for the functional investigation of constraints. Ulna deflection was compared to a baseline elbow flexion condition. With respect to the intact elbow, the coronoid osteotomy influences the elbow stability at 90° (deflection = 11.49 ± 17.39 mm), while small differences occur at 30° and 60°, due to ligaments constraint. The contemporary pMUCL section and coronoid osteotomy causes elbow instability, with large deflection at 30° (deflection = 34.40 ± 9.10 mm), 60° (deflection = 45.41 ± 18.47 mm) and 90° (deflection = 52.16 ± 21.92 mm). Surgeons may consider the pMUCL reconstruction in case of unfixable coronoid fracture.

A Case Study on Designing a Passive Feeding-Assistive Orthosis for Arthrogryposis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Nobre Castro ◽  
Tariq Rahman ◽  
Kristen Faith Nicholson ◽  
John Rasmussen ◽  
Shaoping Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Anterior Aspect ◽  
Joint Center

Abstract Passive arm-assistive devices play an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular disorders or injuries by overcoming their motor deficit. Routine human activities such as feeding are not possible without the aid provided by one of these devices or by a caregiver. In this study, a body-powered assistive device was designed for feeding purposes using a compact spherical scissors mechanism and zero-free-length (ZFL) springs (rubber bands) to leverage the patient's residual biceps and healthy triceps function. This partially balanced and lightweight orthosis was also projected to accommodate the spring attachment points closer to the elbow joint center. The performance of the prototype was evaluated on a young adult with bilateral amyoplasia of the biceps due to arthrogryposis who could not initially reach the superior anterior aspect of the close-to-torso region of the reachable three-dimensional (3D) workspace (RWS). That was accomplished by measuring the anatomical RWS of the patient before and while wearing the device. The results show that the patient, with the assistance provided by the device, was able to attain positions in the frontal close-to-torso region of the body that included reaching her mouth, thus enabling independent feeding.

A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Finite Element Model of the Prosthetic Knee Joint: Simulation of Joint Laxity and Kinematics

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Barink ◽  
A van Kampen ◽  
M de Waal Malefijt ◽  
N Verdonschot
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Flexion Extension

For testing purposes of prostheses at a preclinical stage, it is very valuable to have a generic modelling tool, which can be used to optimize implant features and to avoid poor designs being launched on to the market. The modelling tool should be fast, efficient, and multipurpose in nature; a finite element model is well suited to the purpose. The question posed in this study was whether it was possible to develop a mathematically fast and stable dynamic finite element model of a knee joint after total knee arthroplasty that would predict data comparable with published data in terms of (a) laxities and ligament behaviour, and (b) joint kinematics. The soft tissue structures were modelled using a relatively simple, but very stable, composite model consisting of a band reinforced with fibres. Ligament recruitment and balancing was tested with laxity simulations. The tibial and patellar kinematics were simulated during flexion-extension. An implicit mathematical formulation was used. Joint kinematics, joint laxities, and ligament recruitment patterns were predicted realistically. The kinematics were very reproducible and stable during consecutive flexion-extension cycles. Hence, the model is suitable for the evaluation of prosthesis design, prosthesis alignment, ligament behaviour, and surgical parameters with respect to the biomechanical behaviour of the knee.

scholarly journals Comparison of modelling and tracking methods for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Mariska Wesseling ◽  
Bin Xue ◽  
Feiyue Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

This study aimed to find an optimal measurement protocol of elbow and forearm kinematics using different modelling and tracking methods. Kinematic data of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination was acquired using optical motion capture from 12 healthy male volunteers. Segment coordinate systems for humerus, forearm, radius, ulna, and hand were defined. Different tracking methods, using anatomical markers or rigid or point maker clusters, were used to compute the three-dimensional rotations. Marker placement errors were assessed to evaluate the rigid body assumption. Multiple comparisons demonstrated statistical differences between tracking methods: compared to using only anatomical markers, tracking using clusters reduced the estimated range of pronation/supination by 14.9%–43.2%, while it estimated increased flexion/extension by 5.3%–9.1%. The study suggests using only anatomical markers exerts the optimal estimation of elbow and forearm kinematics. Modelling using the coordinate systems of the humerus and forearm and of the humerus and ulna, respectively, demonstrated good consistency with literature and are correspondingly regarded as the most appropriate approach for measuring pronation/supination and flexion/extension. The results are valuable in establishing a measurement protocol for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics, avoiding confusions and misinterpretations in communicating results from different methodologies.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Limb Proprioception via a Wearable Exoskeleton

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Elisa Galofaro ◽  
Erika D’Antonio ◽  
Fabrizio Patané ◽  
Maura Casadio ◽  
Lorenzo Masia
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Flexion Extension

Proprioception—the sense of body segment’s position and movement—plays a crucial role in human motor control, integrating the sensory information necessary for the correct execution of daily life activities. Despite scientific evidence recognizes that several neurological diseases hamper proprioceptive encoding with consequent inability to correctly perform movements, proprioceptive assessment in clinical settings is still limited to standard scales. Literature on physiology of upper limb’s proprioception is mainly focused on experimental approaches involving planar setups, while the present work provides a novel paradigm for assessing proprioception during single—and multi-joint matching tasks in a three-dimensional workspace. To such extent, a six-degrees of freedom exoskeleton, ALEx-RS (Arm Light Exoskeleton Rehab Station), was used to evaluate 18 healthy subjects’ abilities in matching proprioceptive targets during combined single and multi-joint arm’s movements: shoulder abduction/adduction, shoulder flexion/extension, and elbow flexion/extension. Results provided evidence that proprioceptive abilities depend on the number of joints simultaneously involved in the task and on their anatomical location, since muscle spindles work along their preferred direction, modulating the streaming of sensory information accordingly. These findings suggest solutions for clinical sensorimotor evaluation after neurological disease, where assessing proprioceptive deficits can improve the recovery path and complement the rehabilitation outcomes.

FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF IN VIVO ELBOW KINEMATICS: INFLUENCE OF 3D MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250046 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCA TERSI ◽  
SILVIA FANTOZZI ◽  
RITA STAGNI ◽  
ANGELO CAPPELLO
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Healthy Male Subject ◽  
Distance Map ◽  
3D Fluoroscopy ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Single Bone

The reliable knowledge that model-based three-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy can provide about in vivo joints kinematics is essential to diagnose orthopedic pathologies, develop new prosthesis, and evaluate clinical procedures. To exploit 3D fluoroscopy for the analysis of elbow kinematics, its use was evaluated considering a single model for the forearm or two different models for the ulna and radius. Active elbow flexion-extension and prono-supination motor tasks of a healthy male subject were acquired by means of fluoroscopy. The 3D bone models were automatically aligned to the relevant projections. The pose estimation algorithm sought the tangency condition of the projection rays with the model surface, minimizing a cost function and exploiting an adaptive distance map. Five iterative guided alignments were performed to avoid the final convergence to a local minimum. The results highlighted the critical alignment of the ulna/radius model, particularly when prono-supination is performed. From the physiological motion patterns and given the values of the cost function, 3D fluoroscopy was proven to be applicable to the analysis of the elbow kinematics when single bone models for the ulna and radius are used.

In Vivo Determination of the Direction of Rotation and Moment-Angle Relationship of Individual Elbow Muscles

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Butler ◽  
T. Nishida ◽  
G. Nuber ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The direction of rotation (DOR) of individual elbow muscles, defined as the direction in which a muscle rotates the forearm relative to the upper arm in three-dimensional space, was studied in vivo as a function of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. Electrical stimulation was used to activate an individual muscle selectively, and the resultant flexion-extension, supination-pronation, and varus-valgus moments were used to determine the DOR. Furthermore, multi-axis moment-angle relationships of individual muscles were determined by stimulating the muscle at a constant submaximal level across different joint positions, which was assumed to result in a constant level of muscle activation. The muscles generate significant moments about axes other than flexion-extension, which is potentially important for actively controlling joint movement and maintaining stability about all axes. Both the muscle DOR and the multi axis moments vary with the joint position systematically. Variations of the DOR and moment-angle relationship across muscle twitches of different amplitudes in a subject were small, while there were considerable variations between subjects.

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