scholarly journals Attachment difficulties and disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Melody Turner ◽  
Helen Beckwith ◽  
Robbie Duschinsky ◽  
Tommie Forslund ◽  
Sarah Louise Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Looked After Children ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Attachment Difficulties ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

Children and young people who are adopted from care, in care, or at risk of going into care are at higher risk of attachment difficulties and disorders. This may increase the likelihood of mental health conditions and poor emotional regulation. GPs play a role in managing this risk in the community in conjunction with a multi-disciplinary team and supporting referrals to secondary care. However, many GPs are unfamiliar with the terminology of attachment difficulties, attachment disorders, secure attachment and insecure attachment. This article aims to explain these terms and provide an update for GPs on the implications of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines on child attachment, which focuses on looked after children.

scholarly journals Preschoolers Attachment to the Mother and its Impact on Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
E.V. Kuftyak ◽  
J.A. Zadorova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Attachment To Mother

The research shows influence of attachment to mother on psychological health of pre-school children. 163 preschoolers aged 5 to 7 years examined. The evaluation of different areas of attachment of child to mother was held using "Mother-child attachment style measure questionnaire" (E.V. Pupyreva, 2007), the psychological health of children was measured by "Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire"(E.R. Slobodskaya et al., 2005). It has been found that by the end of pre-school age the perception of mother in the capacity of support source is becoming noticeable for boys. Shown that in children who demonstrate insecure attachment, registered emotional symptoms and internal problems, meanwhile children with secure attachment type are following the prosociality in behavior. Concluded that the act of reliable attachment (acceptance of a child by mother, emotional sensibility of mother) is the important predictor of mental health. Insufficient support of children by mother and small need of mother presence increase possibility of the emotional disturbance and the behavioral problems.

scholarly journals ‘What about me?’ Stories of the educational experiences of care-experienced children and young people in a Scottish local authority

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Daniela Mercieca ◽  
Duncan P Mercieca ◽  
Leisa Randall
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Looked After Children ◽  
Home And School

This qualitative study explores the educational experiences of looked after children and young people in one Scottish local authority. The preoccupations of government are academic achievement and school attendance, but these are not the prime concerns of the children, carers and professionals involved. Moreover, they can be both enhanced and restricted by the background characteristics and care situations of the young people and the responses of schools to their needs and behaviour. Five influential factors emerged from interviews and focus groups with professionals, carers and young people: behaviour; school attendance; carers as educators; friendships; and communication between home and school. Each of them is discussed with extended quotations that convey the voices of participants.

L'attaccamento al partner e a Dio come risorsa psicologica nel processo di adattamento alla malattia cancro

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
R. Cassibba ◽  
E. Costantino ◽  
S. Papagna ◽  
R. Montanaro ◽  
V. Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Attachment To God ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Coping With Cancer ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Fighting Spirit ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Relational Resources

- The diagnosis of cancer troubles people and their identity; it is a threat for their survival. To cope with cancer, people have to collect all their psychological and relational resources. The behavioral system of attachment is activated when people are in danger and it makes them looking for significant others who can be a "secure base" for them. This study investigates the role of specific adult attachment relationships, such as the bond with God and with the partner, on coping with cancer, hypothesizing that patients with a secure attachment with God or with the partner cope better and perceive less stress, respect to patients with an insecure attachment. The results show that the intensity of religious beliefs and security of attachment with God and with the partner are associated to some specific coping strategies to cancer. In particular, insecurity of attachment to God and a specific aspect of insecurity of attachment to the partner (fear of loss) are connected to a higher level of anxiety and a lower level of fighting spirit in coping with cancer. Only attachment to God is associated to a lower level of perceived stress.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Marta Tironi ◽  
Simone Charpentier Charpentier Mora ◽  
Donatella Cavanna ◽  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Fabiola Bizzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Slowing

Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.

scholarly journals The Impact of Secure Attachment on Interpersonal Relationship: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladiti Olawale
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Family Crisis ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Attachment has been defined as the psychological bond between a growing child and a caregiver. It is a relationship that develops over a period of time between a child and the caregiver, or any other significant person in the life of a child. It is characterized by intimacy, warmth, and continuity thus eventually becoming the hallmark of all other relationships in the life of a human being. Research has shown that when children experienced secure attachment during their early stages of development in life, they are likely to develop capabilities in exploring the world of interpersonal relationships. Some of the factors that contribute to the diminishing of attachment between children and their caregivers include modernism and post-modernism, family crisis, disability in the life of the mother, death of the caregiver and the scourge of debilitating sicknesses and diseases which incapacitate caregivers. And so it is not uncommon to find individuals who experienced insecure attachment in their childhood having difficulties in their interpersonal relationship as adults. Some of the manifestations of interpersonal relationship difficulty and insecure attachment include low self-esteem, anxiety, inability to trust others, unwillingness to receive help from others, dependence syndrome, aggression, and feeling unloved, among others. However, with timely and appropriate psychological interventions, some of these challenges can be overcome although more research is encouraged in the area of attachment especially in Asia and Africa.

scholarly journals Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
Philippa Clery ◽  
Angela Rowe ◽  
Marcus Munafò ◽  
Liam Mahedy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Childhood Attachment ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Self Harm

AimsIdentifying factors that contribute to mental health difficulties in young people as early in life as possible are needed to inform prevention strategies. One area of interest is attachment. Although existing research has suggested an association between insecure attachment styles and mental health difficulties, these studies often have small sample sizes, use cross-sectional designs, and measure attachment as a discrete variable at a single point or use romantic relationship attachment as a proxy for childhood attachment. It is also unclear whether these associations persist into late adolescence. In this large prospective study we aimed to determine whether an insecure attachment style measured at repeated points in early childhood, is associated with depression and self-harm at 18 years.MethodWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Mothers completed attachment related questionnaires when their child was 18, 30, and 42 months old. Offspring depression and lifetime self-harm was assessed at 18 years in clinic using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Attachment was derived as a continuous latent variable in a structural equation modelling framework. Logistic regression was performed on participants with complete attachment data (n = 7032) to examine the association between attachment style and depression and self-harm, with adjustment for potential confounders. Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation.ResultWe found some evidence for an association between a more insecure attachment style in childhood, and a diagnosis of depression and life-time self-harm at age 18. In the fully adjusted imputed model, a one standard deviation increase in insecure attachment was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.27) and a 14% increase in the odds of self-harm at age 18 (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.02 to 1.25), for children who had more insecure attachment in early childhood, compared with children who had more secure attachment.ConclusionThis is the largest longitudinal study to examine the prospective association between childhood attachment and depression and self-harm in late adolescence. Our findings strengthen the evidence suggesting that a childhood insecure attachment style is associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence. Policies and interventions to support parenting behaviours that foster the development of secure attachment styles, or attachment-based therapies to improve attachment quality, could help reduce depression and self-harm in adolescence/young adulthood.Philippa Clery is supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research at the University of Bristol and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund.

Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽  
Haley J. Webb ◽  
Christopher A. Pepping ◽  
Kellie Swan ◽  
Ourania Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
And Coping

Attachment theorists have described the parent–child attachment relationship as a foundation for the emergence and development of children’s capacity for emotion regulation and coping with stress. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing research addressing this issue. We identified 23 studies that employed validated assessments of attachment, which were not based on self-report questionnaires, and separated the summary into findings for toddlers/preschool, children, and adolescents. Although most associations were weak and only a minority of the multiple possible associations tested was supported in each study, all studies (but one) reported at least one significant association between attachment and emotion regulation or coping. The evidence pointed to the regulatory and coping problems of toddlers showing signs of ambivalent attachment or the benefits of secure (relative to insecure) attachment for toddlers, children, and adolescents. Toddlers who showed signs of avoidant attachment relied more on self-related regulation (or less social-oriented regulation and coping), but it was not clear whether these responses were maladaptive. There was little information available regarding associations of ambivalent attachment with school-age children’s or adolescents’ emotion regulation. There were also few studies that assessed disorganized attachment.

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