Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽  
Haley J. Webb ◽  
Christopher A. Pepping ◽  
Kellie Swan ◽  
Ourania Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
And Coping

Attachment theorists have described the parent–child attachment relationship as a foundation for the emergence and development of children’s capacity for emotion regulation and coping with stress. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing research addressing this issue. We identified 23 studies that employed validated assessments of attachment, which were not based on self-report questionnaires, and separated the summary into findings for toddlers/preschool, children, and adolescents. Although most associations were weak and only a minority of the multiple possible associations tested was supported in each study, all studies (but one) reported at least one significant association between attachment and emotion regulation or coping. The evidence pointed to the regulatory and coping problems of toddlers showing signs of ambivalent attachment or the benefits of secure (relative to insecure) attachment for toddlers, children, and adolescents. Toddlers who showed signs of avoidant attachment relied more on self-related regulation (or less social-oriented regulation and coping), but it was not clear whether these responses were maladaptive. There was little information available regarding associations of ambivalent attachment with school-age children’s or adolescents’ emotion regulation. There were also few studies that assessed disorganized attachment.

The Coping Scales From the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Eschenbeck ◽  
Uwe Heim-Dreger ◽  
Denise Kerkhoff ◽  
Carl-Walter Kohlmann ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Language Version ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Coping

Abstract. The coping scales from the Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2018 ) are subscales of a theoretically based and empirically validated self-report instrument for assessing, originally in the German language, the five strategies of seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, and anger-related emotion regulation. The present study examined factorial structure, measurement invariance, and internal consistency across five different language versions: English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. The original German version was compared to each language version separately. Participants were 5,271 children and adolescents recruited from primary and secondary schools from Germany ( n = 3,177), France ( n = 329), Russia ( n = 378), the Dominican Republic ( n = 243), Ukraine ( n = 437), and several English-speaking countries such as Australia, Great Britain, Ireland, and the USA (English-speaking sample: n = 707). For the five different language versions of the SSKJ 3–8 coping questionnaire, confirmatory factor analyses showed configural as well as metric and partial scalar invariance (French) or partial metric invariance (English, Russian, Spanish, Ukrainian). Internal consistency coefficients of the coping scales were also acceptable to good. Significance of the results was discussed with special emphasis on cross-cultural research on individual differences in coping.

scholarly journals The moderating role of gender in siblings of adults with intellectual disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elvira Prino ◽  
Dawid Scigala ◽  
Matteo Angelo Fabris ◽  
Claudio Longobardi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Siblings play an important role in psychological and relational development in the lifecycle, especially if the family includes brothers or sisters with intellectual disability. The main objective of this study was to examine whether the relationships experienced by siblings of people with intellectual disability (ID-sibs) and siblings of people with typical development (TD-sibs) influence their ways of coping with stress and anxiety level, with particular emphasis on gender differences. The participants were 187 adults, of whom 104 (55.6%) were females aged 18 to 76 years (M = 29.42; SD = 11.93). Of our sample, 51.9% (N = 97) had a sibling with an intellectual disability and 48.1% (N = 90) had a sibling with typical development. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire that assessed demographics, sibling-relationship quality, anxiety, and coping orientations to problems experienced. The results show that women report a higher quality of relationship with ID-sibs compared to men and to women who have TD-sibs. The results further indicate that women with ID-sibs had higher levels of anxiety and used Transcendent-Oriented coping strategies more frequently. Lastly, gender moderated the relation between relationship quality and coping strategies in diverse ways in the two groups considered. The implications of the overall results are that sibling-focused interventions should focus on improving negative sibling relationships in order to reduce the impact of difficulties on TD siblings of both genders and that the content and delivery framework of interventions should be shaped accordingly.

scholarly journals The role of pubertal status and sleep satisfaction in emotion reactivity and regulation in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari A Lustig ◽  
Kimberly A Cote ◽  
Teena Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotion Reactivity ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Sleep Satisfaction

Abstract Study Objectives This study investigated the role of pubertal status and hormones in the association between sleep satisfaction and self-reported emotion functioning in 256 children and adolescents aged 8–15. Methods Self-report data was provided on sleep duration, sleep satisfaction, and emotion reactivity and regulation, and a saliva sample was obtained for hormone measures. A subset of children also wore an Actigraph watch to measure sleep for a week. Results Latent-class analysis revealed three classes of sleepers: Satisfied, Moderately Satisfied, and Dissatisfied. Dissatisfied sleepers reported more difficulties with emotion regulation and greater emotion reactivity than Satisfied sleepers. High difficulties with emotion regulation was associated with shorter objective sleep duration, and high emotion reactivity was associated with lower sleep efficiency. For girls, Dissatisfied sleepers reported being further through pubertal development than Satisfied sleepers. There were also significant correlations between pubertal development and shorter sleep duration and longer sleep latency in girls, and shorter and more irregular sleep in boys. Finally, pubertal development in girls was a significant moderator in the relationship between sleep satisfaction and difficulties with emotion regulation in Dissatisfied sleepers, such that being further through puberty and having unsatisfactory sleep resulted in the highest emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusions This study expands on previous literature by considering the role of sleep satisfaction and the interaction with puberty development on emotion function. Specifically, a role for pubertal development was identified in the association between unsatisfactory sleep and emotion regulation in girls.

Confirmatory Factor Analytic Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in a Longitudinal Sample of Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jia Ng ◽  
E. Scott Huebner ◽  
Alberto Maydeu-Olivares ◽  
Kimberly J. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

While adolescence is a critical stage of development marked by heightened bottom-up emotional reactivity and immature top-down regulatory control, research on emotion regulation has relatively neglected middle childhood to adolescence years. This may be attributed to the limited number and scope of age-appropriate, reliable, and valid measures of emotion regulation. This study examines the confirmatory factor analytic structure and measurement invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), a 10-item self-report measure designed to measure habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, across a 1-year time interval in school samples of adolescents. Results indicate low test–retest reliability but high to acceptable internal consistency over a 1-year time period. The two-factor model has an approximate but close fit to the data collected, which is consistent with underlying theoretical framework and prior empirical findings. Tests of measurement equivalence support strong invariance, indicating that there were no statistically significant differences in factor means, variances, and correlations over a 1-year interval.

scholarly journals Smartphones as digital companions: Characterizing the relationship between users and their phones

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Carolus ◽  
Jens F Binder ◽  
Ricardo Muench ◽  
Catharina Schmidt ◽  
Florian Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Online Study ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Core Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the idea of computers constituting social agents and referring to core characteristics of human–human relationships, this study introduces the concept of a digital companionship between smartphone users and their devices. Constituting characteristics (closeness, trust, preoccupation) and outcomes (stress, coping with stress) of social relationships were adapted to yield a model of human–smartphone relationships for empirical testing. A cross-national sample of participants ( n = 1156) completed an online study, which included self-report measures as well as a newly developed instrument (Positioning Others and Devices [POD]) assessing the closeness to technical devices and social actors. Results showed the smartphone to be the closest device. Furthermore, structural equation modeling lent support for the theoretical model indicating that trust and preoccupation mediate the relationship between closeness to the smartphone and stress and coping. Findings support the concept of companionship as a fruitful approach to explain smartphone-related behaviors.

Cognitive strategies in coping with expedition stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser N. Watts ◽  
Shernaaz M. Webster ◽  
Colin J. Morley ◽  
John Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Coping

Expeditions provide a valuable opportunity for studying processes of coping with a stressful situation. An expedition to India organized by the British Schools Exploring Society has already been reported as being accompanied by positive changes on self‐report personality scales. This paper is concerned with detailed cognitive coping measures completed throughout the 6 weeks of the expedition. It needs to be noted that the results relate to young adults and to those who provided detailed coping information; the generalizability of the result is a matter for future research. The expedition presented a mixture of physical and social stresses. Men enjoyed the physical experience more than women, but women enjoyed the social experience more than men. There was generally greater reliance on personal resources than on social support in coping with stress. This was particularly true for men in coping with physical stress and women in coping with social stress. In general, the physical stresses had been better anticipated than the social ones. Positive reformulations were much more widely used as coping strategies than avoidance/resignation strategies, especially so for physical stresses. However, use of avoidance/resignation strategies was the better predictor of outcome, with those who used them being least likely to show positive personality change as a result of the expedition. The results are related to current research on stress and coping.

scholarly journals Affect Intolerance is Associated with Insecure Attachment and Reduced Self-Esteem in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kisley ◽  
Christina S. Caudle ◽  
Amanda M. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Growing Body

Despite the adaptive relevance of emotion, many individuals view their negative emotional experiences to be un-important, unnecessarily distressing and/or intolerable. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether such de-valuing “meta-emotional” views are associated with attachment insecurity, specifically anxious and avoidant attachment, in adults. Self-report questionnaires of meta-emotional philosophy (including “affect intolerance”), attachment insecurity, and self-esteem were collected from two samples: one through Amazon Mturk (N=96), another from students enrolled at a U.S. university (N=166). Correlation analyses demonstrated that affect intolerance was associated with insecure attachment in both studies. In the second study, self-esteem was shown to mediate that relationship, fully for avoidant attachment, and partially for anxious attachment. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature demonstrating that dismissive, intolerant, or devaluing personal views of one’s own negative emotions is associated with deleterious psychological outcomes. Keywords: Emotion; Meta-Emotion; Affect; Self-Esteem; Attachment; Evolution

scholarly journals Configurations of Mother-Child and Father-Child Attachment as Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: An Individual Participant Data (IPD) Meta?Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Or Dagan ◽  
Carlo Schuengel ◽  
Marije Verhage ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Abraham Sagi-Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

An unsettled question in attachment theory and research is the extent to which children’s attachment patterns with mothers and fathers jointly predict developmental outcomes. In this study, we used individual participant data meta-analysis to assess whether early attachment networks with mothers and fathers are associated with children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Following a pre-registered protocol, data from 9 studies and 1,097 children (mean age: 28.67 months) with attachment classifications to both mothers and fathers were included in analyses. We used a linear mixed effects analysis to assess differences in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms as assessed via the average of both maternal and paternal reports based on whether children had two, one, or no insecure (or disorganized) attachments. Results indicated that children with an insecure attachment relationship with one or both parents were at higher risk for elevated internalizing symptomatology compared with children who were securely attached to both parents. Children whose attachment relationships with both parents were classified as disorganized had more externalizing symptoms compared to children with either one or no disorganized attachment relationship with their parents. Across attachment classification networks and symptoms, findings suggest (a) a multiplicative effect when children have insecure or disorganized attachment to both parents, and (b) that mother-child and father-child attachment relationships may not differ in the roles they play in children’s development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

A Turkish Adaptation of the Coping Scales From the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Eschenbeck ◽  
Uwe Heim-Dreger ◽  
Elif Tasdaban ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Carl-Walter Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
German Version ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Age Range

The present study develops and validates a Turkish adaptation of the coping scales from the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2006 ). In a Turkish sample of 473 children and adolescents from grades 4 to 8 (220 girls, 253 boys, age range: 9–15 years), the factor structure of the original German version was confirmed for the six subscales: seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, anger-related emotion regulation, and media use. All six subscales showed good internal consistency. Correlations between these subscales and indicators of psychological adjustment as well as replication of gender differences for the subscales also demonstrated high correspondence between the original German version of the SSKJ 3–8 coping scales and the Turkish adaptation.

Interactive Influences of Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Insecure Attachment in Early Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-987
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Menon ◽  
Harriet C. A. Moyes ◽  
Christina M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

We hypothesized that in adolescence, maladaptive narcissism interacts with low self-esteem to predict a preoccupied attachment style ( attachment for self-affirmation hypothesis), and with high self-esteem to predict an avoidant attachment style ( attachment for self-enhancement hypothesis). We expected gender differences in narcissistic adolescents’ attachment strategies, with girls more likely to be motivated to self-affirm, and boys more likely to self-enhance. Early adolescents in England ( N = 306, 156 girls, 150 boys, [Formula: see text] age = 13.38 years) responded to self-report measures of narcissism, self-esteem, and attachment styles to mother and a friend. Results supported the attachment for self-enhancement hypothesis only. For adolescent boys (but not girls) with high self-esteem, narcissism was associated with higher avoidant attachment toward the mother and a friend. The results suggest that maladaptive narcissism might derail normative separation-individuation processes in adolescent boys, thus contributing to their adoption of an avoidant attachment style with close relationship partners.

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