Current trends in the application of non-invasive genetic sampling to study Neotropical birds: Uses, goals, and conservation potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaura Baus ◽  
Carolina Isabel Miño ◽  
Otto Monge
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Neotropical Birds ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Shed Feathers

The non-invasive collection of biological samples has proven useful to study a diverse array of research topics worldwide. Here, we present a systematic bibliographical synthesis exploring how the non-invasive collection of genetic samples has been used to study avian populations in the Neotropics. We searched international online databases for scientific publications, spanning from 2007 to 2017, to describe the trends and identify the sample types used, species studied, and research questions addressed. The analysis of 21 articles showed that shed feathers were most frequently used (66.7% of articles), followed by carcasses (14.2%), eggs (9.5%), and non-invasively obtained blood (4.8%); one study used both feces and shed feathers. Most studies addressed population genetic issues (38.1%), followed by species identification (28.6%), phylogenetic questions (14.3%), molecular sexing (9.5%), and parentage analyses (9.5%). Brazil produced almost half (47.6%) of the publications retrieved. Despite an increasing interest in using non-invasive sampling to study Neotropical avifauna, its application is still largely concentrated in the most developed countries in this region and to explore a limited number of questions. A more regular use of non-invasive sampling would help advance the knowledge of ecological, behavioral, genetic, and evolutionary aspects of Neotropical birds. Investigating the extent of human–wildlife conflict, such as impact of road-kills, illegal traffic, and collision with aerial infrastructure or unmanned vehicles, is an underexplored avenue of research in which this method could be of much help. Non-invasive genetic sampling can help tackle conservation problems and pave the way to scientifically informed conservation policies in this avian biodiversity hotspot.

scholarly journals Non-invasive genetic sampling for molecular sexing and microsatellite genotyping of hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia T. Presti ◽  
Janaína Meyer ◽  
Paulo T.Z. Antas ◽  
Neiva M.R. Guedes ◽  
Cristina Y. Miyaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Microsatellite Genotyping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

Long-distance wolf recolonization of France and Switzerland inferred from non-invasive genetic sampling over a period of 10 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Valière ◽  
Luca Fumagalli ◽  
Ludovic Gielly ◽  
Christian Miquel ◽  
Benoît Lequette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

scholarly journals Using non-invasive sampling methods to determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus in a remnant koala population with conservation importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Wedrowicz ◽  
Jennifer Mosse ◽  
Wendy Wright ◽  
Fiona E. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
The South ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chlamydia Pecorum ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Koala Retrovirus

Context Pathogenic infections are an important consideration for the conservation of native species, but obtaining such data from wild populations can be expensive and difficult. Two pathogens have been implicated in the decline of some koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations: urogenital infection with Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus subgroup A (KoRV-A). Pathogen data for a wild koala population of conservation importance in South Gippsland, Victoria are essentially absent. Aims This study uses non-invasive sampling of koala scats to provide prevalence and genotype data for C. pecorum and KoRV-A in the South Gippsland koala population, and compares pathogen prevalence between wild koalas and koalas in rescue shelters. Methods C. pecorum and KoRV-A provirus were detected by PCR of DNA isolated from scats collected in the field. Pathogen genetic variation was investigated using DNA sequencing of the C. pecorum ompA and KoRV-A env genes. Key results C. pecorum and KoRV-A were detected in 61% and 27% of wild South Gippsland individuals tested, respectively. KoRV-A infection tended to be higher in shelter koalas compared with wild koalas. In contrast with other Victorian koala populations sampled, greater pathogen diversity was present in South Gippsland. Conclusions In the South Gippsland koala population, C. pecorum is widespread and common whereas KoRV appears less prevalent than previously thought. Further work exploring the dynamics of these pathogens in South Gippsland koalas is warranted and may help inform future conservation strategies for this important population. Implications Non-invasive genetic sampling from scats is a powerful method for obtaining data regarding pathogen prevalence and diversity in wildlife. The use of non-invasive methods for the study of pathogens may help fill research gaps in a way that would be difficult or expensive to achieve using traditional methods.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Gene Flow in Eastern Grey Kangaroos in an Isolated Conservation Reserve

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Miriam A. Zemanova ◽  
Daniel Ramp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Conservation Property ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Genetic Assessment

Dispersal is a key process for population persistence, particularly in fragmented landscapes. Connectivity between habitat fragments can be easily estimated by quantifying gene flow among subpopulations. However, the focus in ecological research has been on endangered species, typically excluding species that are not of current conservation concern. Consequently, our current understanding of the behaviour and persistence of many species is incomplete. A case in point is the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), an Australian herbivore that is subjected to considerable harvesting and population control efforts. In this study, we used non-invasive genetic sampling of eastern grey kangaroos within and outside of the Mourachan Conservation Property to assess functional connectivity. In total, we genotyped 232 samples collected from 17 locations at 20 microsatellite loci. The clustering algorithm indicated the presence of two clusters, with some overlap between the groups within and outside of the reserve. This genetic assessment should be repeated in 10–15 years to observe changes in population structure and gene flow over time, monitoring the potential impact of the planned exclusion fencing around the reserve.

scholarly journals Mucus: aiding elasmobranch conservation through non-invasive genetic sampling

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lieber ◽  
S Berrow ◽  
E Johnston ◽  
G Hall ◽  
J Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

Non-invasive genetic sampling

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Lisette P Waits
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

Importance of a pilot study for non-invasive genetic sampling: genotyping errors and population size estimation in red deer

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Valière ◽  
Christophe Bonenfant ◽  
Carole Toïgo ◽  
Gordon Luikart ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Genotyping Errors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

scholarly journals Marking behaviour and census of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in riverine habitats: what can scat abundances and non-invasive genetic sampling tell us about otter numbers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Sittenthaler ◽  
Eva Maria Schöll ◽  
Christoph Leeb ◽  
Elisabeth Haring ◽  
Rosemarie Parz-Gollner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Marking Behaviour

scholarly journals Wearable Intelligent System for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Diseases Working in Real Time and with Low Energy Cost

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Olga Valenzuela ◽  
Beatriz Prieto ◽  
Elvira Delgado-Marquez ◽  
Hector Pomares ◽  
Ignacio Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Advanced System ◽  
Source Of Information

Heart disease is currently one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. The electrocardiogram is an important source of information for identifying these conditions, therefore, becomes necessary to seek an advanced system of diagnosis based on these signals. In this paper we used samples of electrocardiograms of MIT-related database with ten types of pathologies and a rate corresponding to normal (healthy patient), which are processed and used for extraction from its two branches of a wide range of features. Next, various techniques have been applied to feature selection based on genetic algorithms, principal component analysis and mutual information. To carry out the task of intelligent classification, 3 different scenarios have been considered. These techniques allow us to achieve greater efficiency in the classification methods used, namely support vector machines (SVM) and decision trees (DT) to perform a comparative analysis between them. Finally, during the development of this contribution, the use of very non-invasive devices (2 channel ECG) was analyzed, we could practically classify them as wearable, which would not need interaction by the user, and whose energy consumption is very small to extend the average life of the user been on it.

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