Family violence homicide rates: a state-wide comparison of three data sources in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 183335832110604
Author(s):  
Reena Sarkar ◽  
Joanna F Dipnall ◽  
Richard Bassed ◽  
Joan Ozanne-Smith AO
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics ◽  
And Control

Background Family violence homicide (FVH) is a major public health and social problem in Australia. FVH trend rates are key outcomes that determine the effectiveness of current management practices and policy directions. Data source–related methodological problems affect FVH research and policy and the reliable measurement of homicide trends. Objective This study aimed to determine data reliability and temporal trends of Victorian FVH rates and sex and relationship patterns. Method FVH rates per 100,000 persons in Victoria were compared between the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), Coroners Court of Victoria (CCoV) Homicide Register, and the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP). Trends for 2001–2017 were analysed using Joinpoint regression. Crude rates were determined by sex and relationship categories using annual frequencies and Australian Bureau of Statistics population estimates. Results NCIS closed FVH cases totalled 360, and an apparent downward trend in the FVH rate was identified. However, CCoV and NHMP rates trended upwards. While NCIS and CCoV were case-based, NHMP was incident-based, contributing to rate variations. The NCIS-derived trend was particularly impacted by unavailable case data, potential coding errors and entry backlog. Neither CCoV nor NHMP provided victim-age in their public domain data to enable age-adjusted rate comparison. Conclusion Current datasets have limitations for FVH trend determination; most notably lag times for NCIS data. Implications This study identified an indicative upward trend in FVH rates in Victoria, suggesting insufficiency of current management and policy settings for its prevention and control.

scholarly journals The Combined Effect of Weaning Stress and Immune Activation during Pig Gestation on Serum Cytokine and Analyte Concentrations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Haley E. Rymut ◽  
Laurie A. Rund ◽  
Courtni R. Bolt ◽  
Maria B. Villamil ◽  
Bruce R. Southey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

Weaning stress can elicit changes in the metabolic, hormone and immune systems of pigs and interact with prolonged disruptions stemming from maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. The present study advances the characterization of the combined effects of weaning stress and MIA on blood chemistry, immune and hormone indicators that inform on the health of pigs. Three-week-old female and male offspring of control gilts or gilts infected with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were allocated to weaned or nursed groups. The anion gap and bilirubin profiles suggest that MIA enhances tolerance to the effects of weaning stress. Interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 2 were highest among weaned MIA females, and cortisol was higher among weaned relative to nursed pigs across sexes. Canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that weaned and nursed pigs have distinct chemistry profiles, whereas MIA and control pigs have distinct cytokine profiles. The results from this study can guide management practices that recognize the effects of the interaction between MIA and weaning stress on the performance and health of pigs.

Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: Current Management Practices in a Large National Cohort

Urology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Kyle Spradling ◽  
Ericka M. Sohlberg ◽  
Shufeng Li ◽  
Chiyuan Amy Zhang ◽  
William D. Brubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Macromolecular Structure Databases: Past Progress and Future Challenges

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Weissig ◽  
Ilya N. Shindyalov ◽  
Philip E. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Structure Databases ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Self Consistency

Databases containing macromolecular structure data provide a crystallographer with important tools for use in solving, refining and understanding the functional significance of their protein structures. Given this importance, this paper briefly summarizes past progress by outlining the features of the significant number of relevant databases developed to date. One recent database, PDB+, containing all current and obsolete structures deposited with the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is discussed in more detail. PDB+ has been used to analyze the self-consistency of the current (1 January 1998) corpus of over 7000 structures. A summary of those findings is presented (a full discussion will appear elsewhere) in the form of global and temporal trends within the data. These trends indicate that challenges exist if crystallographers are to provide the community with complete and consistent structural results in the future. It is argued that better information management practices are required to meet these challenges.

Abstract 15595: Missed Targets: United States Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Control, and Treatment 2005-2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Aggarwal ◽  
Nicholas Chiu ◽  
Rishi Wadhera ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
Robert W Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Improve Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The US government, through the Healthy People Initiative 2020, set targets to improve hypertension prevalence and treatment rates in US adults by a relative 10% from 2005 to 2020, and increase control rates by a relative 40%. We examined US progress towards this goal from 2005-2018. Methods: We analyzed data from 38,876 non-pregnant US adults from the NHANES 2005-2018 surveys to determine nationally representative estimates of hypertension prevalence, treatment rates, and control. Temporal trends in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control were assessed using weighted linear regression after age adjustment to the 2000 US census (per the Healthy People Initiative approach). In the base case, we defined hypertension as blood pressure >140/90 or on an antihypertensive; we used the ACC/AHA definition of blood pressure >130/80 in sensitivity analyses. Results: In 2017-2018, 34.3% (±1.7) of US adults had hypertension, of these 69.7% (±1.5) were on treatment, and 43.7% (±1.6) were controlled. After age-adjustment, no statistically significant changes in hypertension prevalence, treatment rates, or control were observed from 2005-2018 (p for trend 0.91, ,0.98, 0.66, Figure 1). In sensitivity analyses, applying the ACC/AHA definition increased the estimated prevalence of hypertension during the period, but trends in prevalence remained unchanged. Conclusions: There has been no material progress in reducing the prevalence of hypertension or improving rates of treatment and control from 2005 to 2018. As planning is underway for Healthy People Initiative 2030, setting of hypertension targets must be accompanied with investments in cost-effective, scalable programs to improve blood pressure control nationwide, with a focus on high-risk populations.

Molecular Characterization ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaIsolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients and the Hospital Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Marzuillo ◽  
Maria De Giusti ◽  
Daniela Tufi ◽  
Alessandra Giordano ◽  
Angela Del Cimmuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
And Control

Objectives.To ascertain whether cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized or infected with unique or multiple strains ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia; to understand whether some strains colonize or infect more than 1 patient, indicating clonal spread; and to explore the molecular heterogeneity of hospital water isolates and their correlation with clinical isolates.Setting.The regional CF center of Policlinico “Umberto I” of Rome, Italy.Methods.The study was carried out on a random sample ofS. maltophiliaisolates (n= 110) collected from CF patients (n= 50) during the period 2002–2005 and on 24 water isolates obtained during a monitoring program in the first 6 months of 2005. Home environmental samplings were not performed. All isolates, which were recovered from cultures of specimens obtained in both inpatient and outpatient settings, were genotyped with DNA macrorestriction analysis with the restriction enzymeXbaland pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.One-third of the patients with repeated episodes ofS. maltophiliainfection or colonization hosted more than 1 strain. A potential transmission, defined as the isolation of the same strain in 2 or more patients, occurred 5 times, showing a frequency of potential transmission episodes slightly higher than previously reported. Water, taps, and sinks of the different rooms of the CF center tended to be persistently colonized with the same strain ofS. maltophilia, with no correlation between clinical and water-associated isolates.Conclusions.The study does not provide sufficient data to conclude definitively that isolation of colonized or infected CF patients and control of hospital water systems contamination would be beneficial infection control measures. Epidemiologic analytical studies that correlate the presence ofS. maltophiliawith clinical outcomes are strongly needed.

scholarly journals Methodological problems in research on the diffusion of management practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Arturo Briseño ◽  
Bryan Husted ◽  
Jorge Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Methodological Problems

scholarly journals Holistic Approaches to Reducing Salmonella Contamination in Poultry Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummu Afiqah Abdul-Rahiman ◽  
Noordiana Nordin ◽  
Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib ◽  
Maimunah Sanny
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
And Control

Salmonella are widely found in the poultry industry, which subsequently may pose a risk to animal and human health. The aim of this review is to highlight strategies for the prevention and control of Salmonella at each stage in the poultry production chain by monitoring risks from the farm to the retailer. Among the primary approaches for control of Salmonella at the farm level includes the administration of synthetic and natural compounds to live chickens (vaccination and antibiotic), litter management as well as fortification of feed and acidification of drinking water. In the poultry processing plant, multiple hurdle technology and different chilling conditions to reduce Salmonella were discussed. In the retail level, an effective monitoring program to control Salmonella contamination by good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis and critical control points has been reviewed. Overall, we conclude that these approaches play a role in reducing the dissemination of Salmonella in the poultry industry. However, there is no published data related to logistic scheduling of poultry processing.

scholarly journals A critical appraisal of current management practices for infant regurgitation - recommendations of a working party

1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Vandenplas ◽  
D. Belli ◽  
P. Benhamou ◽  
S. Cadranel ◽  
J. P. Cezard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Current Management

scholarly journals Predicting the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19: A time-varying SIR model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Boon Law ◽  
Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy ◽  
Balvinder Singh Gill ◽  
Sarbhan Singh Lakha Singh ◽  
Bala Murali Sundram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Abstract The susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model offers the simplest framework to study transmission dynamics of COVID-19, however, it does not factor in its early depleting trend observed during a lockdown. We modified the SIR model to specifically simulate the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 to better predict its temporal trend in Malaysia. The classical SIR model was fitted to observed total (I total), active (I), and removed (R) cases of COVID-19 before lockdown to estimate the basic reproduction number. Next, the model was modified with a partial time-varying force of infection, given by a proportionally depleting transmission coefficient, βt, and a fractional term, z. The modified SIR model was then fitted to observed data over 6 weeks during the lockdown. Model fitting and projection were validated using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE). The transmission dynamics of COVID-19 was interrupted immediately by the lockdown. The modified SIR model projected the depleting temporal trends with lowest MAPE for I total, followed by I, I daily, and R. During lockdown, the dynamics of COVID-19 depleted at a rate of 4·7% each day with a decreased capacity of 40%. For 7–day and 14–day projections, the modified SIR model accurately predicted I total, I, and R. The depleting transmission dynamics for COVID-19 during lockdown can be accurately captured by time-varying SIR model. Projection generated based on observed data is useful for future planning and control of COVID-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document