Vascular Effects of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from the Red Marine Alga Solieria Filiformis

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of sulfated-polysaccharides (SP) from marine algae are extensively exploited. However, reports on the vascular effects of SP from red algae are rare in the literature. The polysaccharide from Solieria filiformis (Sf-SP) was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and tested in male Wistar rats. The inflammation studies were performed using the paw-edema model and the relaxant activity in isolated aorta precontracted with phenylephrine. The anticoagulant effect was evaluated by the test of partial thromboplastin activation time. The SP (1 mg/kg) was not antiinflammatory, but induced acute edema with maximal activity at 30 min (0.35 ± 0.04 mL) compared to controls (0.05 ± 0.03 mL). Cumulative addition of Sf-SP in phenylephrine-contracted tissues produced relaxation with maximal inhibition of 69% (IC50 29.3 ± 9.0 μg/mL) at 300 μg/mL in comparison to controls (0.51 ± 0.09 g). Sf-SP also extended human plasma coagulation time by 2.1 times. These substances could be used as important tools for the study of vascular alterations.

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Extraction, Purification, Characterization and In Vitro Antibacterial properties of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted using Sargassum sp.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00869 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4991-4998

Author(s):

Hemalatha V. ◽

Silambarasan T. ◽

Dhandapani R.

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Anion ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Gulf Of Mannar

In the present study, Sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from macroalga Sargassum whitey collected from the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India. The maximum yield of 1.95g sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from Sargassum whitey and 0.81mg/ml of purified sulfated polysaccharide was obtained through DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The purified form was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analyses. The in vitro biological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidants activity (DPPH, Hydroxyl & Superoxide anion) of sulfated polysaccharides were evaluated and the results showed that 45μg mL-1 concentration of sulfated polysaccharide exhibited good antibacterial inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria strains, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antioxidant activity also found to be significant, where the exhibited IC50 concentrations by the purified sulfated polysaccharide was 183.2µg/mL for DPPH, 204.2µg/mL for superoxide anion, and 163.8µg/mL for Hydroxyl scavenge free radicals activities.

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Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis : Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.111 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 140-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Willer M. Sousa ◽

Renan O. Silva ◽

Francisco F. Bezerra ◽

Rudy D. Bingana ◽

Francisco Clark N. Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Characterization ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Polysaccharide Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Solieria Filiformis

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Sesquiterpene α-Farnesene Synthase: Partial Purification, Characterization, and Activity in Relation to Superficial Scald Development in Apples

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.125.1.111 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe ◽

Gopinadhan Paliyath ◽

Dennis P. Murr

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Cytosolic Fraction ◽

Skin Tissue ◽

Hill Coefficient ◽

Partial Purification ◽

Farnesyl Pyrophosphate ◽

Superficial Scald

To decipher the relation between α-farnesene metabolism and the development of superficial scald in apples, trans,trans-α-farnesene synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to α-farnesene, was partially purified from skin tissue of `Delicious' apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) and characterized. Total and specific activities of the enzyme were higher in the cytosolic fraction than in membrane fractions. α-Farnesene synthase was purified 70-fold from the cytosolic fraction by ion exchange chromatography and gel permeation, and the native molecular weight was estimated to be 108,000. The enzyme had optimal activity at a pH of 5.6 and absolutely required a divalent metal ion such as Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity. It exhibited allosteric kinetics, S(0.5) for farnesyl pyrophosphate being 84±18 μmol·L-1, and a Hill coefficient (nH) of 2.9, indicating the number of subunits to be two or three. Enzyme activity was highest between 10 and 20 °C, while 50% of the maximal activity was retained at 0 °C. In vivo α-farnesene synthase activity was minimal at harvest, then increased rapidly during 16 weeks storage in air at 0 °C, and decreased during further storage. Activity of α-farnesene synthase, α-farnesene content, and conjugated triene alcohol (the putative scald-causing oxidation product of α-farnesene) content in skin tissue were not correlated to the inherent nature of scald susceptibility or resistance in 11 apple cultivars tested.

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Specific Non-Reducing Ends in Heparins from Different Animal Origins: Building Blocks Analysis Using Reductive Amination Tagging by Sulfanilic Acid

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5553

Author(s):

Pierre A. J. Mourier

Keyword(s):

Building Block ◽

Reductive Amination ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Sulfanilic Acid ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Anticoagulant Drugs ◽

Strong Anion Exchange

Heparins are linear sulfated polysaccharides widely used as anticoagulant drugs. Their nonreducing-end (NRE) has been little investigated due to challenges in their characterization, but is known to be partly generated by enzymatic cleavage with heparanases, resulting in N-sulfated glucosamines at the NRE. Uronic NRE (specifically glucuronic acids) have been isolated from porcine heparin, with GlcA-GlcNS,3S,6S identified as a porcine-specific NRE marker. To further characterize NRE in heparinoids, a building block analysis involving exhaustive heparinase digestion and subsequent reductive amination with sulfanilic acid was performed. This study describes a new method for identifying heparin classical building blocks and novel NRE building blocks using strong anion exchange chromatography on AS11 columns for the assay, and ion-pair liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for building block identification. Porcine, ovine, and bovine intestine heparins were analyzed. Generally, NRE on these three heparins are highly sulfated moieties, particularly with 3-O sulfates, and the observed composition of the NRE is highly dependent on heparin origin. At the highest level of specificity, the isolated marker was only detected in porcine heparin. However, the proportion of glucosamines in the NRE and the proportion of glucuronic/iduronic configurations in the NRE uronic moieties greatly varied between heparin types.

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Purifi cation of a Toxic Metalloprotease Produced by the Pathogenic Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Isolated from Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2011-5-613 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (5-6) ◽

pp. 287-295

Author(s):

Ping-Chung Liu ◽

Wen-Hsiao Chuang ◽

Kuo-Kau Lee

Keyword(s):

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Protein G ◽

Tetraacetic Acid ◽

Chloromethyl Ketone ◽

Rachycentron Canadum ◽

Photobacterium Damselae

The aim of the present study was to purify and characterize a toxic protease secreted by the pathogenic Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain CP1 originally isolated from diseased cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The toxin isolated by anion exchange chromatography, was a metalloprotease, inhibited by L-cysteine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1,10-phenanthroline, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), and N-α-ptosyl- L-lysine-chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), and showed maximal activity at pH 6.0 - 8.0 and an apparent molecular mass of about 34.3 kDa. The toxin was also completely inhibited by HgCl2, and partially by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and CuCl2. The extracellular products and the partially purified protease were lethal to cobia with LD50 values of 1.26 and 6.8 μg protein/g body weight, respectively. The addition of EDTA completely inhibited the lethal toxicity of the purified protease, indicating that this metalloprotease was a lethal toxin produced by the bacterium.

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THE EFFECTS OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES ON INHIBITION OF THROMBOSIS INDUCED BY DIFFERENT STIMULI

10.1055/s-0038-1642824 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

J Van Ryn-McKenna ◽

E Gray ◽

E Weber ◽

F A Ofosu ◽

M R Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Dermatan Sulfate ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Hip Surgery ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Antithrombotic Agent ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Vein Thrombosis

Higher doses of heparin are usually required to achieve a therapeutic effect in patients undergoing elective hip surgery than in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT). One explanation for this difference is that more heparin is required to prevent thrombosis in hip surgery them recurrent thrombosis in DVT, because the stimulus initiating thrombus formation in each situation is different. This suggests that different procoagulant stimuli may be more or less sensitive to inhibition by heparin. To test this possibility, we measured the effects of heparin (SH), pentosan polysulfate (SP54), and dermatan sulfate (DS) on inhibition of thrombus formation induced by tissue thromboplastin (TTP, 1 mgAg), thrombin (Ha, 1 UAg)/ or Factor Xa (Xa, 20 μt/kg) using a jugular vein/hypercoagulation/stasis ipggel in rabbits. Thrombus size was measured as the amount of 125I-fibrin incorporated into a thrombus formed in jugular veins of rabbits, treated with varying concentrations of SH, SP54 or DS. First, we established the dose of each sulfated polysaccharide (SPS) that was required to inhibit thrombus formation induced by TTP by ∼75%. We then used these doses to assess their ability to inhibit thrombus formation induced by Ha or Xa. SH and SP54 were less effective in inhibiting Ila-induced thrombus formation (<62%), while DS was more effective and inhibited thrombus formation by 95%. In contrast, the doses of SP54 and DS which inhibited TTP-induced thrombosis by ∼75%, inhibited Xa-induced thrombus formation by 60 and 71% respectively, while SH inhibited Xa-induced thrombus formation by 98%. We conclude that sensitivity to inhibition of the 3 different procoagulant stimuli by the various SPS, differs significantly. The choice of SPS as an antithrombotic agent should take into consideration the stimulus initiating thrombosis in each clinical situation.

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Identification and Distribution of m-Tyramine in the Rat

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o75-010 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

S. R. Philips ◽

B. A. Davis ◽

D. A. Durden ◽

Alan A. Boulton

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Chromatographic Separation ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Ion Current ◽

Mammalian Tissues ◽

Male Wistar Rats

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of m-tyramine in mammalian tissues is described. It involves isolation of the amine by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by conversion to the dansyl derivative, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard. The concentrations of m-tyramine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (mean ± S.D., nanograms per gram): brain 0.32 ± 0.03, heart 0.44 ± 0.13. kidney 12.6 ± 3.4, liver 0.27 ± 0.04, lung 0.33 ± 0.11, spleen 0.25 ± 0.07, and blood 0.15 ± 0.04.

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Antioxidant and antimitotic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from marine brown algae Padina tetrastromatica

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Geena Mariya Jose ◽

Anitha Radhakrishnan ◽

G Muraleedhara Kurup

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Padina Tetrastromatica ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical

Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica, then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.

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Sulfated Polysaccharide-Directed Recruitment of Mammalian Host Proteins: a Novel Strategy in Microbial Pathogenesis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.9.4463-4468.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 4463-4468 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Thomas D. Duensing ◽

Jenny S. Wing ◽

Jos P. M. van Putten

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

Key Aspects

ABSTRACT Fundamental to the virulence of microbial pathogens is their capacity for adaptation and survival within variable, and often hostile, environments encountered in the host. We describe a novel, extragenomic mechanism of surface modulation which may amplify the adaptive and pathogenic potential of numerous bacterial species, including Staphylococcus, Yersinia, and pathogenic Neisseria species, as well as Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes. The mechanism involves specific bacterial recruitment of heparin, glycosaminoglycans, or related sulfated polysaccharides, which in turn serve as universal binding sites for a diverse array of mammalian heparin binding proteins, including adhesive glycoproteins (vitronectin and fibronectin), inflammatory (MCP-3, PF-4, and MIP-1α) and immunomodulatory (gamma interferon) intermediates, and fibroblast growth factor. This strategy impacts key aspects of microbial pathogenicity as exemplified by increased bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and inhibition of chemokine-induced chemotaxis. Our findings illustrate a previously unrecognized form of parasitism that complements classical virulence strategies encoded within the microbial genome.

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