scholarly journals Maculansins, Cryptic Phytotoxins from Blackleg Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Paulos B. Chumala
Keyword(s):  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The Common

The phytotoxins and other metabolites produced by isolates L2/M2 of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans under different culture conditions, together with those of two new, but related isolates are disclosed. The common metabolic characteristics suggest a phylogenetic similarity between these isolates with potential to become widespread in mustard growing areas.

scholarly journals Phytotoxins, Elicitors and Other Secondary Metabolites from Phytopathogenic “Blackleg” Fungi: Structure, Phytotoxicity and Biosynthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biosynthetic Studies

The metabolites produced by the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa under different culture conditions, together with their phytotoxic activities are reviewed. In addition, the biosynthetic studies of blackleg metabolites carried out to date are described and suggestions for species reclassification are provided.

scholarly journals Stachybotriaceae on Cucurbits Demystified: Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Ink Spot Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rennberger ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

Recently, the incidence of Myrothecium leaf spot, a foliar disease of watermelon, has increased in South Carolina. However, the identity of the fungal species responsible for outbreaks of this disease has not been determined. Sequence data from four partial gene regions were used to conduct Bayesian inference in order to identify 95 isolates of Stachybotriaceae. Isolates were collected in South Carolina between July 2015 and May 2018. In total, six species of Stachybotriaceae were identified on watermelon and two other cucurbits: Albifimbria verrucaria, Gregatothecium humicola, Paramyrothecium foliicola, P. humicola, Xenomyrothecium tongaense, and Xepicula leucotricha. Two species, G. humicola and P. foliicola, were the predominant species found. Within these two species, genetic differences within small spatial scales were detected. Five species (all except Xenomyrothecium tongaense) were tested in experiments to determine their pathogenicity and relative virulence on three hosts grown in rotation in South Carolina. Southern pea plants were less susceptible than watermelon and tomato plants, which were equally susceptible. This constitutes the first reliable report of pathogenicity of any of the five tested species of Stachybotriaceae on these three vegetable crops. Another important finding was that none of the isolates were identified as P. roridum, the species considered to be the only causal agent of Myrothecium leaf spot on cucurbits. We propose the common name “ink spot” for the foliar phase of diseases caused by genera within the family Stachybotriaceae. This name is descriptive and likely to be accepted by growers. To prevent further loss incurred by ink spot, watermelon and tomato crops should be monitored for this disease.

scholarly journals Impact of Cruciferous Phytoalexins on the Detoxification of Brassilexin by the Blackleg Fungus Pathogenic to Brown Mustard

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Ryan B. Snitynsky
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Blackleg Fungus

The biotransformation of brassilexin, a potent phytoalexin produced by brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), in the presence of various cruciferous phytoalexins was investigated. An important group of isolates of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans (Laird 2 and Mayfair 2), which is virulent to brown mustard, but not to canola, was used in this investigation. Brassilexin was detoxified by the fungus, but none of the phytoalexins seemed to affect substantially the rate of brassilexin detoxification; after 12 h of incubation, the amounts of brassilexin remaining in culture were as low as in controls, except in co-incubations with cyclobrassinin and sinalexin, which afforded intermediates that in solution oxidized spontaneously to brassilexin.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance to Blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) Disease of Canola (Brassica napus) Caused by a Weakly Virulent Isolate of Leptosphaeria biglobosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
W. G. D. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Pathogenicity Group ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa ◽  
Highly Virulent

Blackleg of canola is a disease complex of at least two fungal species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Isolates of L. biglobosa typically are weakly virulent or avirulent and are assigned to pathogenicity group 1 (PG-1). Isolates of L. maculans are highly virulent and encompass pathogenicity groups PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. In greenhouse tests, percent lesion/leaf area (PLLA) on cotyledons of two Brassica napus cultivars, Westar and Invigor 2153, was smaller when L. biglobosa (PG-1) was either pre- or co-inoculated at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h with virulent isolates of L. maculans in PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. On six-leaf-stage plants of Westar, the PLLA declined significantly compared with the control when the lower leaves were treated with either PG-1 or salicylic acid, then challenged with a PG-2 isolate 24 h later. In addition, the activity of four enzymes (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) was greatly enhanced at 48 and 72 h when cotyledons of Westar were inoculated first with PG-1 followed by PG-2 24 h later, compared with a water control treatment. Field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004 showed decreased blackleg severity in plants inoculated with PG-1 alone or prior to PG-2 compared with plants inoculated with PG-2 alone or prior to PG-1.

Screening of the common culture conditions affecting crystallinity of bacterial cellulose

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zeng ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qingjiang Wang ◽  
Zongtao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
The Common

Metabolic Characteristic Analysis of an Oil Field Wastewater Degrading Strain Chelatococcus G5

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan Liu ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Min Ji
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

An oil field wastewater-degrading strain was isolated from the waste activated sludge of an oil field wastewater treatment plant. The degrading capabilities for oil field wastewater, culture conditions in a liquid enrichment medium, and metabolic characteristics for carbon sources in a Biolog-ECO microplate of this strain were investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strain were very similar to each other (>99% similarity) and exhibited a similarity of 98% with other Chelatococcus sp. The COD removal efficiency of the oil field wastewater-degrading strain is 64.3%, based on a batch experiment after strain inoculation for 60 h. Chelatococcus G5 is a mesophilic and NaCl-tolerant strain that can be grown well at pH 7.0, 37 °C, and under shaking conditions. Its NaCl tolerance is up to 5.0%. Based on the metabolic characteristic analysis, up to 54.8% of the carbon sources in the Biolog-ECO microplate could be utilized and only 29.03% of these sources could be easily degraded by Chelatococcus G5.

scholarly journals Antibiosis and dark-pigments secretion by the phytopathogenic and environmental fungal species after interaction in vitro with a Bacillus subtilis isolate

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Paulo Machado ◽  
Viviane Karolina Vivi ◽  
José Roberto Tavares ◽  
Frederico José Gueiros Filho ◽  
Olga Fischman
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

In this work, different reactions in vitro between an environmental bacterial isolate and fungal species were related. The Gram-positive bacteria had terminal and subterminal endospores, presented metabolic characteristics of mesophilic and acidophilic growth, halotolerance, positive to nitrate reduction and enzyme production, as caseinase and catalase. The analysis of partial sequences containing 400 to 700 bases of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene showed identity with the genus Bacillus. However, its identity as B. subtilis was confirmed after analyses of the rpoB, gyrA, and 16S rRNA near-full-length sequences. Strong inhibitory activity of environmental microorganisms, such as Penicillium sp, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and phytopathogens, such as Colletotrichum sp, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum, was shown on co-cultures with B. subtilis strain, particularly on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and DNase media. Red and red-ochre color pigments, probably phaeomelanins, were secreted by A. alternata and A. niger respectively after seven days of co-culture.

Arcopilus amazonicus (Chaetomiaceae), a new fungal species from the Amazon rainforest native plant Paullinia cupana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 456 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
THIAGO F. SOUSA ◽  
ALINE O. DOS SANTOS ◽  
FELIPE M.A. DA SILVA ◽  
FERNANDA F. CANIATO ◽  
CLÁUDIA A. DE QUEIROZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Paullinia Cupana ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Arcopilus is a genus recently proposed after the taxonomic restructuring of Chaetomium with only seven described species so far. During the characterization of the microbiome of the Amazonian guarana plant (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis), nine red pigment-producing strains of fungi were isolated. These strains were identified through morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S large subunit (LSU), partial second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) regions. Moreover, chemical profiles were obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), in which the isolated strains were able to produce significant amounts of the polyketide oosporein. The obtained results indicate the occurrence of a new fungal species, A. amazonicus. Chemical analyses showed that oosporein is overproduced by these strains under laboratory culture conditions.

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