Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Hornstedtia havilandii (Zingiberaceae)

The chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of the fresh rhizome and flower oils of Hornstedtia havilandii were studied. The components present were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. A total of forty-eight constituents were successfully identified from the flower and rhizome oils, representing 93.4% and 89.6%, respectively. The most abundant components of the flower oil were β-pinene, (19.5%), β-elemene, (10.0%), β-cubebene, (6.2%), α-pinene, (5.6%), γ-cadinene, (4.3%) and germacrene D, (3.3%), while α-copaene, (10.2%), β-selinene, (8.4%), β-elemene, (7.0%), γ-cadinene, (6.9%), β-cubebene, (5.3%) and germacrene D, (5.3%) were found as the main components of the rhizome oil. The essential oils were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Both oils showed activity against the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, with moderate MIC values of 112.5 μg/mL, however, for Gram-negative bacteria, the flower oil showed weak antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 225 μg/mL. Only very weak activity was shown against the yeasts Candida albicans and C. glabrata, with MIC values of 900–1800 μg/mL.

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Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils from Flower, Leaf and Stem of Gypsophila bicolor from Iran

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600230 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600

Author(s):

Ali Shafaghat ◽

Masoud Shafaghatlonbar

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Substantial Effect ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Moderate Effect ◽

Main Components

The volatile constituents from flower, leaf and stem of Gypsophila bicolor growing in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The flower oil was characterized by high amounts of germacrene-D (21.2%), p-cymene (20.6%), bicyclogermacrene (17.6%), γ-dodecadienolactone (13.7%) and terpinolene (9.4%). Twenty-four constituents representing 97.4% of the leaf oil were identified of which germacrene-D (23.4%), terpinolene (14.5%), bicyclogermacrene (7.5%), γ-dodecadienolactone (6.8%), p-cymene (6.7%) and cis-β-ocimene (6.3%) were major components. The main components of the stem oil were γ-dodecadienolactone (28.5%), bicyclogermacrene (14.8%), germacrene-D (12.6%), p-cymene (12.5%), terpinolene (11.6%) and trans-β-ocimene (4.2%). The antimicrobial effects of flower, leaf and stem essential oils from Gypsophila bicolor were studied according to the agar diffusion cup method. The essential oils had a moderate effect on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but had a substantial effect on the fungi studied.

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Enaminone-Derived Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/2467970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mashooq Ahmad Bhat ◽

Mohamed A. Al-Omar ◽

Ahmed M. Naglah ◽

Abdul Arif Khan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Disc Diffusion Assay ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Assay

A series of pyrazoles derived from the substituted enaminones were synthesized and were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were initially screened for their antimicrobial activity against ATCC 6538, NCTC 10400, NCTC 10418, and ATCC 27853. During initial screening, compounds (P1, P6, and P11) presented significant antimicrobial activity through disc diffusion assay. These compounds were further evaluated for antimicrobial activity at different time points against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and presented significant activity for 6 hours. The activity was found to be greater against Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast at 24 hours, the activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria except compound (P11), showing activity against both types of bacteria. Compound (P11) was found to have highest activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy ◽

10.22146/ijpther.1656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eti Nurwening Sholikhah ◽

Maulina Diah ◽

Mustofa ◽

Masriani ◽

Susi Iravati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., local name sengkubak, is one of indigenous plants from West Kalimantan that has been used as natural flavor. Pycnorrhena cauliflora is one of species of Menispermaceae family which is rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This alkaloids are known to have various biological activities including antiprotozoal, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of the P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanolic extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., root, leaf and stem were prepared by maceration. The disk-diffusion method was then used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 18-24 h incubation at 37 oC. Amoxicillin was used as positive control for gram-positive bacteria and ciprofloxacin was used as gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones were then measured in mm. Analysis were conducted in duplicates. The results showed in general the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (inhibition zone diameter= 10-23 mm) were more active than that leaf (0-15 mm) and stem (0-17 mm) extracts against gram-positive bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of amoxicillin as positive control was 8-42 mm. In addition, the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (12-17 mm) were also more active than that leaf (0-12 mm) and stem (0-12 mm) extracts against gram-negative bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of ciprofloxacin as positive control was 33-36 mm. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of P. caulifloria (Miers.) Diels. root is the most extract active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Further study will be focused to isolate active compounds in the methanolic extract of the root.

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER KAOLINITE AND SURFACTANT MODIFIED COPPER KAOLINITE AGAINST GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.7827 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (3-2) ◽

Author(s):

Nor Syafawani Sarah Md Saad ◽

Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek ◽

Chun Shiong Chong

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Copper Nitrate ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

X Ray ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Technique

The aim of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of kaolinite modified with antimicrobial compounds against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Copper kaolinite (Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by loading raw kaolinite with copper nitrate trihydrate (CuNO3) while surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite (SM-Cu-kaolinite) was prepared by adding cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) on Cu-Kaolinite. Samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was tested against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442), and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) through disc diffusion technique (DDT) and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Cu-kaolinite increased after modified with HDTMA due to the synergistic effects of Cu ions and HDTMA molecules on the kaolinite. The antimicrobial activity for surfactant modified Cu-kaolinite was greater for Gram positive bacteria compared to Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, the attachment of HDTMA on Cu-kaolinite contributed to the enhanced antimicrobial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria).

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Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Piper abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum (Piperaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901235 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽

Farediah Ahmad ◽

Khong Heng Yen

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Weak Activity

The study was designed to examine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of three Piper species: Piper abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum, all from Malaysia. GC and GC/MS analysis showed qualitative and quantitative differences between these oils. GC and GC-MS analysis of P. abbreviatum, P. erecticaule and P. lanatum oils resulted in the identification of 33, 35 and 39 components, representing 70.5%, 63.4% and 78.2% of the components, respectively. The major components of P. abbreviatum oil were spathulenol (11.2%), ( E)-nerolidol (8.5%) and β-caryophyllene (7.8%), whereas P. erecticaule oil mainly contained β-caryophyllene (5.7%) and spathulenol (5.1%). Borneol (7.5%), β-caryophyllene (6.6%) and α-amorphene (5.6%) were the most abundant components in P. lanatum oil. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution method against nine microorganisms. All of the essential oils displayed weak activity towards Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values in the range 250–500 μg/mL. P. erecticaule oil showed the best activity on Aspergillus niger (MIC 31.3 μg/mL), followed by P. lanatum oil (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). This study demonstrated that the essential oils have potential as antimicrobial agents and may be useful in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

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Increases in Hydrophilicity and Charge on the Polar Face of Alyteserin 1c Helix Change its Selectivity towards Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8040238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 238 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yamil Liscano ◽

Constain H. Salamanca ◽

Lina Vargas ◽

Stefania Cantor ◽

Valentina Laverde-Rojas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Mutant Derivative ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Carboxy Terminal

Recently, resistance of pathogens towards conventional antibiotics has increased, representing a threat to public health globally. As part of the fight against this, studies on alternative antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides have been performed, and it has been shown that their sequence and structure are closely related to their antimicrobial activity. Against this background, we here evaluated the antibacterial activity of two peptides developed by solid-phase synthesis, Alyteserin 1c (WT) and its mutant derivative (ΔM), which shows increased net charge and reduced hydrophobicity. These structural characteristics were modified as a result of amino acid substitutions on the polar face of the WT helix. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both peptides was obtained in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the rational substitutions of the amino acids increased the activity in Gram-positive bacteria, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, for which the MIC was one-third of that for the WT analog. In contrast to the case for Gram-positive bacteria, these substitutions decreased activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially in Escherichia coli, for which the MIC was eight-fold higher than that exhibited by the WT peptide. To understand this, models of the peptide behavior upon interacting with membranes of E. coli and S. aureus created using molecular dynamics were studied and it was determined that the helical stability of the peptide is indispensable for antimicrobial activity. The hydrogen bonds between the His20 of the peptides and the phospholipids of the membranes should modulate the selectivity associated with structural stability at the carboxy-terminal region of the peptides.

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ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTI-YEAST EFFECTS OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS

Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/pmas.v58i2.1006 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 68-76

Author(s):

Urjinlham R ◽

Oyunbileg B ◽

Anumandal O ◽

Sainbileg P ◽

Rentsenkhand Ts

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Ledum Palustre

Essential oils from aromatic plants of Ledum palustre L. and Mentha piperita L. were extracted using steam distillation and the antimicrobial effects were evaluated alone and in combinations against food-borne pathogens of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and food related-yeasts (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyce spombe, and Geotrichum candidum). Essential oils from two aromatic plants used in this study showed the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast, which was found to be concentration dependent. The effects of Ledum palustre L. and Mentha piperita L. plants essential oils against yeast and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations of 0.5 ul/ml and 0.25 ul/ml extended lag phase or adaptation phase by 48 hours, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be susceptible to the studied two plants essential oils. When the effects of antimicrobial activity of two essential oils were tested in combination against bacteria and yeast in vitro, the MIC value was in the range of 0.125-0.5 ul/ml and showed synergistic activity against E.coli and additive values against B.subtilis and S.cerevisiae.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Some Egyptian Spice Essential Oils

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-52.9.665 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 665-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 288

Author(s):

R. S. FARAG ◽

Z. Y. DAW ◽

F. M. HEWEDI ◽

G. S. A. EL-BAROTY

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Chemical Structures

Six spice essential oils (sage, rosemary, caraway, cumin, clove, and thyme) and their basic ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effect against 3 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 4 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one acid fast bacterium, and one yeast. Preliminary screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was done using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each essential oil against various micro-organisms was also measured. Very low concentrations (0.25 – 12 mg/ml) of the various essential oils were sufficient to prevent microbial growth. The data show that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the antimicrobial compounds in spices than Gram-negative. The inhibition zones of different microbial growth produced by various essential oils were similar to those produced by their basic compounds. Thyme and cumin oils possessed very strong antimicrobial activity compared with the other essential oils. There was a relationship between the chemical structures of the most abundant compounds in the essential oils under investigation and the antimicrobial activity.

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Preliminary investigation of antimicrobial activity of the skin secretions of frogs from Bangladesh

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/15685381-20191174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 531-536

Author(s):

Md. Sirajul Islam ◽

Md. Mokhlesur Rahman ◽

Md. Mizanur Rahaman

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Hoplobatrachus Tigerinus ◽

Skin Secretions ◽

Polypedates Leucomystax

Abstract Amphibians, like some animals and plants, defend themselves against various pathogenic organisms by producing and secreting various peptides and small molecules from granular skin glands. In this study, we evaluated for the first time, the antibiotic activity of the skin secretions of 8 different frog species (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, E. hexadactylus, Fejervarya teraiensis, F. asmati, F. syhadrensis, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Microhyla ornata and Polypedates leucomystax) from Bangladesh. These secretions were collected by a nonlethal approach through chemical stimulation and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by broth macrodilution method against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our study revealed that all the skin secretions (8 out of 8) from the selected frogs have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and 7 out of 8 skin secretions possess antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria tested. Further analysis of data showed that these secretions are significantly more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts againstBacillus Subtilis,Staphylococcus Aureusand Escherichia Coli

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/824697 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (s1) ◽

pp. S282-S284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liliwirianis N ◽

Wan Zuraida Wan Mohd Zain ◽

Jamaluddin Kassim ◽

Shaikh Abdul Karim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Stemona Tuberosa ◽

Elephantopus Scaber

Local herbs have many potential that may be active with antimicrobial activity. A screening was conducted with 11 species of herbs collected in UiTM Pahang Forest Reserve.Epipremnumsp.,Zingibersp.Tetracera indica, Tectaria crenata, Piper stylosum, Homalomena propinque, Goniothalamus sp., Elephantopus scaber, Mapania patiolale, Melastomasp.,Stemona tuberosa, Phullagathis rotundifolia, Thotea grandifoliaandSmilaxsp. were extracted with methanol to obtain their crude. The agar diffusion method using blank disc of 6 mm diameter were loaded with 1000 µg/mL of methanol crude and applied to the inoculate plate was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aeureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results evaluated as the diameter of the inhibition zone of microbial growth, showed that all the extracts were active against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The extract ofStemona tuberosewas found to be the most active against theE. coliandS. aeureuswhilePiper stylosumactive againstB. subtilis.

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