Synergy between Essential Oils of Calamintha Species (Lamiaceae) and Antibiotics

The subject of the study was the investigation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Calamintha sylvatica, C. vardarensis, C. nepeta and C. glandulosa, as well as their antibacterial activity in combination with antibiotics. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of EOs was performed using the GC/FID and GC/MS methods. The antimicrobial activity of EOs against six standard bacterial strains and one strain of yeast was tested using the broth microdilution method, while the antimicrobial activity of a combination of essential oils and gentamicin/ciprofloxacin was tested by the checkerboard method. The dominant components (> 10%) of the essential oils were: cis-piperitone epoxide and menthone ( C. sylvatica), pulegone and menthone ( C. vardarensis), pulegone and piperitenone ( C. nepeta), pulegone, piperitenone, menthone and piperitone ( C. glandulosa). EOs did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity except the essential oil of C. vardarensis which was selectively active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC - 21.25 μg/mL). The overall effect of essential oil-antibiotic combinations varied from synergistic (FICI ≤ 0.5) to antagonistic (FICI ≥ 2) depending on the bacterial strain tested.

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Antimicrobial Essential Oil Combinations to Combat Foot Odour

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0592-8022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (09/10) ◽

pp. 662-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ané Orchard ◽

Alvaro Viljoen ◽

Sandy van Vuuren

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Juniperus Virginiana ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Synergistic Interactions ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractFoot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the Brevibacterium species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable treatment of odour and contribute towards antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, this study sets out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil combinations against odour-causing bacteria. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 119 essential oil combinations, and the fractional inhibitory index was calculated to determine the interactive profile. Combinations that resulted in synergy in 1 : 1 ratios were further evaluated in different concentrations, and isobolograms were plotted to determine the influence of the ratio on overall activity. Numerous combinations could be identified as having synergistic interactions against the Brevibacterium spp. and no antagonism was observed. The combination of Juniperus virginiana (juniper) and Styrax benzoin (benzoin) demonstrated synergy against all three Brevibacterium spp. tested and J. virginiana was the essential oil responsible for the majority of the synergistic interactions. The results reported here confirm the promising potential of the majority of these oils and selected combinations in treating and controlling bromodosis.

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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Erodium species: E. ciconium L., E. cicutarium L., and E. absinthoides Willd. (Geraniaceae)

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-010-0014-x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zorica Stojanović-Radić ◽

Ljiljana Čomić ◽

Niko Radulović ◽

Milan Dekić ◽

Vladimir Ranđelović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractThe present study gives results of chemical composition analyses and antimicrobial activity testing of three Erodium species: E. ciconium L., E. cicutarium L., and E. absinthoides Willd. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation from air-dried entire plants and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 209 different compounds were identified: 162 for E. cicutarium, 107 for E. ciconium, and 79 for E. absinthoides. Antimicrobial activity (broth microdilution method) of the oils was screened against a panel of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and a number of fungi. Moderate susceptibility of all tested strains was observed. Determined MIC values were 0.156–5 mg mL−1 (bacterial strains) and 0.039–0.325 mg mL−1 (fungal strains). Major component of the most active oil, palmitic acid, was also tested for activity together with stearic and myristic acids.

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Combination Therapy of Sophoraflavanone B against MRSA:In VitroSynergy Testing

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/823794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Su-Hyun Mun ◽

Ok-Hwa Kang ◽

Dae-Ki Joung ◽

Sung-Bae Kim ◽

Yun-Soo Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Kill Curve ◽

Time Kill

Sophoraflavanone B (SPF-B), a known prenylated flavonoid, was isolated from the roots ofDesmodium caudatum. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial synergism of SPF-B combined with antibiotics against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). MRSA, a multidrug-resistant pathogen, causes both hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. The antimicrobial activity of SPF-B was assessed by the broth microdilution method, checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill curve assay. The MIC of SPF-B for 7 strains ofS. aureusranges from 15.6 to 31.25 μg/mL determined. In the checkerboard method, the combinations of SPF-B with antibiotics had a synergistic effect; SPF-B markedly reduced the MICs of theβ-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin (AMP) and oxacillin (OXI); aminoglycosides gentamicin (GET); quinolones ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) against MRSA. The time-kill curves assay showed that a combined SPF-B and selected antibiotics treatment reduced the bacterial counts below the lowest detectable limit after 24 h. These data suggest that the antibacterial activity of SPF-B against MRSA can be effectively increased through its combination with three groups of antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones). Our research can be a valuable and significant source for the development of a new antibacterial drug with low MRSA resistance.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Bunium persicum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rose Water on Multidrug-Resistant Listeria Species

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x17751314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 2515690X1775131 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Farhad Sharafati Chaleshtori ◽

Mohamad Saholi ◽

Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Listeria Species ◽

Bunium Persicum

This research was aimed at investigating the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Bunium persicum, Eucalyptus globulus, and rose water on multidrug-resistant Listeria species. The antibiotic resistance of Listeria spp obtained from seafood samples were determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oils and extracts were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power and microdilution methods, respectively. A total 2 samples (1.88%) were positive for Listeria spp. L monocytogenes was found to be resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, penicillin, vancomycin, and kanamycin. B persicum essential oil showed the greatest antioxidant activity (248.56 ± 1.09 µM Fe2+/g). The E globulus essential oil showed consistently strong antimicrobial activity against L monocytogenes and L grayi, while rose water showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the tested bacterial strains. The results showed that after adding the B persicum and E globulus essential oils to bacteria, the cell components’ release increased significantly.

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Antibacterial Triterpenoids from the Bark of Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000215 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

Harizon ◽

Betry Pujiastuti ◽

Dikdik Kurnia ◽

Dadan Sumiarsa ◽

Yoshihito Shiono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Mass Spectrometric Data ◽

Spectrometric Data ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Sonneratia Alba ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

The new lupane-type triterpenoid, 3β-hydroxy-lup-9(11), 12-diene, 28-oic acid (1), along with two known lupane-type triterpenoids, lupeol (2) and lupan-3p-ol (3), were isolated from the bark of Sonnetaria alba. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data analysis. Using the broth microdilution method, all compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 15-33 to 35-55 ng/mL, respectively.

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Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Heracleum Sibiricum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800931 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Dejan M. Nikolić ◽

Olga G. Cvetković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Total Oil ◽

Chemical Class

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Heracleum sibiricum L. (Apiaceae) was studied. The aerial part of plant was hydro-distilled and chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-six compounds, corresponding to 95.12% of the total oil, were identified. Esters represented the major chemical class (69.55%) while the main constituents were octyl butanoate (36.82%), hexyl butanoate (16.08%), 1-octanol (13.62%) and octyl hexanoate (8.10%). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil and reference antibiotics against nine bacterial strains was tested by the broth microdilution method. The results of the bioassays showed that essential oil had slight antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms (MIC and MBC values were in the range of 2431.2 to 9724.8 μg/mL). Reference antibiotics were active in concentrations between 0.5 and 16.0 μg/mL. The results confirm that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the essential oil of H. sibiricum, in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria.

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Blainvillea Rhomboidea (Asteraceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0600100510 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X0600100

Author(s):

Andreza Maria L. Pires ◽

Maria Rose Jane R. Albuquerque ◽

Edson P. Nunes ◽

Vânia M. M. Melo ◽

Edilberto R. Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Leaf Oil

The essential oils of Blainvellea rhomboidea (Asteraceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Initially, the essential oil from the aerial parts was investigated. From the 18 identified components, 5-indanol (14.5%) followed by p-cymen-8-ol (10.1%), β-caryophyllene (9.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.6%), limonene (8.6%), terpinolene (7.8%), and spathulenol (7.7%) were the major constituents. The oil was tested against seven bacterial strains and the results showed significant antimicrobial activity. As a consequence, the essential oils from leaves and from flowers were analyzed separately. The major constituents of the leaf oil were terpinolene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (19.2%), spathulenol (9.1%), caryophyllene oxide (7.4%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), while the oil of the flowers contained terpinolene (28.1%), 5-indanol (16.3%), p-cymen-8-ol (15.3%) and limonene (14.7%) as prevalent compounds. The oils were tested against the same bacterial strains and the flower oil was the more active. These results indicated that the components of the essential oil from flowers seem to be responsible for the activity.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Libanotis montana Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900238 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Jovana L. Jović ◽

Marija S. Marković

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity were examined of Libanotis montana Crantz subsp. leiocarpa (Heuff.) Soó. (Apiaceae) essential oil. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant compound class in the oil (67.2%), with β-elemene (40.4%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations L. montana oil-chloramphenicol and L. montana oil-tetracycline exhibited mostly either synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of L. montana essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In the PCA and HCA analyses, streptomycin stood out and formed a separate group.

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In vitro anti-microbial activity of extracts from the callus cultures of some Nigella species

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-006-0052-6 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Premysl Landa ◽

Petr Marsik ◽

Tomas Vanek ◽

Vojtech Rada ◽

Ladislav Kokoska

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractCrude methanol extracts from callus cultures of Nigella arvensis, N. damascena, N. hispanica, N. integrifolia, and N. sativa were investigated for their anti-microbial activity. Growth inhibition was determined in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as in yeast by using a broth-microdilution method. The results showed that the extracts of all calli tested exhibited significant anti-microbial activity, especially against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Compared with other Nigella species, a callus culture of N. hispanica was the most effective against the microorganisms used in this study.

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Etomidate inhibits the growth of MRSA and exhibits synergism with oxacillin

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2020-0078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (17) ◽

pp. 1611-1619

Author(s):

Lívia G do AV Sá ◽

Cecília R da Silva ◽

João B de A Neto ◽

Thiago M Cândido ◽

Leilson C de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cell Death ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Action Mechanism ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Mrsa Strains

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the anesthetic etomidate against strains of MRSA and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antibacterial effect of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution method. To investigate the probable action mechanism of the compound flow cytometry techniques were used. Results: MRSA strains showed MIC equal to 500 and 1000 μg/ml of etomidate. Four-fifths (80%) of the tested MRSA strains demonstrated synergistic effect with oxacillin. Etomidate also showed activity against MRSA biofilm at concentration of 250 μg/ml. Cytometric analysis revealed that the cells treated with etomidate leading to cell death, probably by apoptosis. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antibacterial activity against MRSA.

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