scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301
Author(s):  
Partha P Dutta ◽  
Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽  
Sonali Roy ◽  
Bardwi Narzary ◽  
Kabita Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
First Time

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

scholarly journals Extraction, isolation, characterization, semi-synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of Justicia adathoda leaves

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaperumal Gopalan ◽  
Kannnan Kulanthai ◽  
Gnanavel Sadashivam ◽  
Perumal Pachiappan ◽  
Sowmiya Rajamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
First Time

<p>There is a need to investigate the new sources of antimalarial drugs which are more effective against Plasmodium falciparum. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of vasicinone, vasicine and 9-oxo-1, 2, 3, 9-tetrahydropyrrolo [2,1-b]quinazolin-3-yl acetate (VA-1). Vasicinone and vasicine were extracted from the leaves of Justicia adhatoda. The novel compound VA-1 was synthesized from alkaloid the alkaloid vasicine, which was isolated from the ethanol extract of J. adhatoda leaves. Vasicine (IC<sub>50</sub> = 89.8 µg/mL) and vasicinone (IC<sub>50</sub> = 38.9 µg/mL) showed moderate antiplasmodial activity whereas the compound VA-1 ( IC<sub>50</sub>  = 06.0 µg/mL) showed excellent antiplasmodial activity when compared with standard drug chloroquine (IC<sub>50</sub>  = 12.6 µg/mL). The results achieved suggest that both isolated and semi-synthetic compounds may serve as a lead compound to antiplasmodial activity. Further, the compound VA-1 is for the first time reported for antiplasmodial activity with IC<sub>50</sub> value.</p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/dcQUBU6PuVw">Antiplasmodia activity procedure</a>: 7 min 13 sec</p>

scholarly journals Anti-malarial activity and toxicity of Aspidosperma nitidum Benth: a plant used in traditional medicine in the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5059108817
Author(s):  
Dayse Lucia do Nascimento Brandão ◽  
Michel Tavares Martins ◽  
Adreanne Oliveira Silva ◽  
Amanda Dias Almeida ◽  
Renata Cristina de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of the extract and fractions obtained from the bark of Aspidosperma nitidum. The ethanol extract obtained from the powdered bark of plants was acid-base partitioned and phytochemically analyzed. The antiplasmodial activity, in vivo antimalarial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity were acessed. The selectivity index (SI) was calculated. The acute oral toxicity and pathological effects, of the ethanol extract was evaluated in mice. The major constituent of the ethanol extract was suggestive of a β-carboline chromophore. The alkaloid and neutral fractions contained compounds with an aspidospermine core as the major constituent. The ethanol extract (IC50 = 3.60 µg/mL), neutral fraction (IC50 = 3.34 µg/mL) and alkaloid fraction (IC50= 2.32 µg/mL) showed high activity against P. falciparum (W2 strain). The ethanol extract and the alkaloid fraction reduced 80% of the parasitemia of P. berghei (ANKA)-infected mice (dose of 500 mg/kg) in the 5th day, which was not sustainable at the 8th day. A similar result was obtained for chloroquine. The ethanol extract (CC50 = 410.65 µg/mL; SI = 114.07), neutral fraction (CC50 = 452.53 µg/mL; SI = 135.49), and alkaloid fraction (CC50 =346.73 µg/mL; SI 149.45) demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high SI. The ethanol extract (5000 mg/kg; gavage) presented low acute oral toxicity, with no clinical or anatomopathological modifications being observed (in comparison to the control group). In vitro studies with a chloroquine-resistant clone of P. falciparum confirmed the antiplasmodial activity of the A. nitidum ethanol extract, and its fractions had low cytotoxicity for HepG2 cells. In vivo studies with P. berghei–infected mice and acute toxicity studies corroborated these results.

In vitro study on antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three Piper species from North East India

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Tamuly ◽  
Moushumi Hazarika ◽  
Jayanta Bora ◽  
Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽  
Manas P. Boruah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

scholarly journals Antileishmanial Phenylpropanoids from the Leaves ofHyptis pectinata(L.) Poit

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela A. Falcao ◽  
Patricia L. A. do Nascimento ◽  
Silvana A. de Souza ◽  
Telma M. G. da Silva ◽  
Aline C. de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Promastigote Form ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time

Hyptis pectinata, popularly known in Brazil as “sambacaitá” or “canudinho,” is an aromatic shrub largely grown in the northeast of Brazil. The leaves and bark are used in an infusion for the treatment of throat and skin inflammations, bacterial infections, pain, and cancer. Analogues of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids were obtained from the leaves ofHyptis pectinataand consisted of two new compounds, sambacaitaric acid (1) and 3-O-methyl-sambacaitaric acid (2), and nine known compounds, rosmarinic acid (3), 3-O-methyl-rosmarinic acid (4), ethyl caffeate (5), nepetoidin A (6), nepetoidin B (7), cirsiliol (8), circimaritin (9), 7-O-methylluteolin (10), and genkwanin (11). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds1–5, and7were evaluatedin vitroagainst the promastigote form ofL. braziliensis, and the ethanol extract. The hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fractions were also evaluated. The EtOH extract, the hexane extract, EtOAc, MeOH:H2O fractions; and compounds1,2and4exhibited antileishmanial activity, and compound1was as potent as pentamidine. In contrast, compounds3,5, and7did not present activity against the promastigote form ofL. braziliensisbelow 100 µM. To our knowledge, compounds1and2are being described for the first time.

scholarly journals In vitro antiplasmodial, cytotoxic and antioxidant effects, and phytochemical constituents of eleven plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Olorunfemi Abraham Eseyin ◽  
Iweh Emmanuel Etim ◽  
Emmanuel E. Attih ◽  
Ekarika Johnson ◽  
Aniefiok Sunday Udobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

Purpose: To evaluate the antiplasmodial effects of eleven plants (Bombax buonopozense, Carica papaya, Anthocleista djalonensis, Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia, Homalim letestui, Starchystarpheta cayennnensis, Ocimum gratissimum, Cleistopholis patens, Chromolaena odorata and Hippocratea africana) reportedly used in the treatment of malaria in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods, while in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation was carried out using Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquineresistant strains using lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay.  Cytotoxicity test was undertaken by MTT assay on LLC-MK2 cells and the concentration killing 50 % of the cells (CC50) was calculated.Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Results: Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia and Chromolaena odorata had moderate antiplasmodial activity. Ocimum gratissimum and Hippocratea africana were weakly active. Milicia excelsa showed a considerable level of cytotoxicity, while Bombax buonopozense exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Bombax buonopozense (95.3 %) and Ocimum gratissimum (92.0 %) exhibited high DPPH scavengingeffect comparable to Vitamin C (98.7 %). There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between DPPH inhibition and the total phenolic contents of the eleven plants studied (r2 = 0.6616), between DPPH inhibition and flavonoids (r2 = 0.3553), between antiplasmodial activity and saponin content (r2= 0.3992), and between the two antiplasmodial evaluation assay methods (r2 = 0.614).Conclusion: The results of this work provide some justification for the use of Milicia excelsa, Heterotis rotundifolia, Chromolaena odorata, Ocimum gratissimum and Hippocratea africana in the treatment of malaria. Keywords: Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Phytochemicals, Antimalaria

scholarly journals In vitro hepatotoxicity assessment of Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. aqueous leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bresler Swanepoel ◽  
Trevor C Koekemoer ◽  
Luanne Venables ◽  
Elsabe Cloete ◽  
Nonhlanhla P Khumalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lippia Javanica

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Lippia javanica leaves are popular in traditional food, medicine and for insecticidal uses in various Africa countries and North-East India. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is safe to use but limited animal studies suggested potential toxicity at high dosages, including hepatotoxicity. Aim of the study: To screen for potential hepatotoxicity of L. javanica leaf extracts in vitro, thereby contributing to its toxicological profile for safe use in food and topical applications. Materials and methods: High content analysis techniques and fluorescent dyes were used to monitor C3A hepatocarcinoma cells for changes in morphological features that are associated with development of mitotoxicity, steatosis, oxidative stress, and lysosomal dysfunction. Results: No changes were observed in cell viability, reactive oxygen species or lysosomal content at concentrations up to 200 μg/ml in C3A cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by approximately 10% but this effect was not dose-dependent nor was it accompanied by a reduction in mitochondrial content. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in neutral lipid content. Conclusion: The results from this in vitro study suggest that L. javanica leaf extracts is not anticipated to be hepatotoxic at concentrations in the range that is assumed for food or topical use.

scholarly journals A report on new chromosome number of three Dioscorea species

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Chiranjit Paul ◽  
Bimal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Dioscorea Species ◽  
First Time

Chromosomal study conducted in nine species of Dioscorea from different forest belts of Tripura revealed that their somatic chromosome number ranged from 2n=40 to 2n=60. The record of 2n=40 chromosome in the sexual phenotypes of Dioscorea hamiltonii, Dioscorea glabra and Dioscorea pubera are the first time report from Tripura, North East India. Moreover the somatic chromosome counts of 2n=60 in Dioscorea pentaphylla would be attributed as a new cytotype. However at the respective ploidy level no difference in somatic chromosome count was observed between their sexes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous land races of deep-water paddy of North East India for nutraceutical value

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-127
Author(s):  
KANDARPA KALITA
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Land Races ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Deep water paddy is a nature’s marvel for many ethnic communities living in flood prone river basins of some Asian and African countries. In recent times there is resurgence in interest on local land races in view of alarming depletion of agro-biodiversity and the urgency to preserve them. In Assam, the north eastern state of India, deep water paddy is being cultivated since time immemorial by several ethnic communities living in the Brahmaputra river basin. Although not properly enumerated, it is known that more than 70 land races of Bao Dhanexists. Moreover, recent works have revealed that contrary to general perception deep water paddy are rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values with 9% to 13% protein. Further interest on deep water paddy got a boost with the report that land races with red kernel (red rice) are rich in dietary antioxidant anthocyanin and study showed that they have impressive anti-oxidative activity in vitro. Deep water paddy or floating paddy popularly referred to as Bao dhan in Assam, represent a unique crop capable of withstanding diverse stress and man’s ingenuity to co-exist with hostile nature and weather condition. Owing to their antioxidant capacity and the associated health benefits, anthocyanins have gained increased attention in recent years, hence the study was initiated.

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