Proximate composition, mineral content, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activities of a wild edible fruit (Grewia sapida Roxb. ex DC.) found in Assam of North-East India

Background: Traditional knowledge has been a legacy of the past to the present. Barks of Ficus hispida Linn. and leaves of Ficus pomifera Wall. (Moraceae) have been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes in North-east India and many other places. As many drugs have been developed from traditional plants, the authors have taken up the plants for the study of hypoglycemic activity. Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic activities of the triterpenoids isolated from the plants and their antioxidant activities. Methods: The bioactive compounds were determined by biochemical analysis, antioxidant activity using DPPH method. Hypoglycemic activity was detected using glucose tolerance test in normal rats and alloxan induced diabetic rats with Gliclazide as standard. Results: The biochemicals and trace elements were present in appreciable amounts. Triterpenoids, (1-5), from F. pomifera and 19-hydroxyphlogacantholide (6), 3-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1’→2’)-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl-phlogacanthoside] (7) and galanolactone (8) along with stigmasterol (9), stigmasta- 5,22-dien-7-on-3ß-ol (10), 5-(decahydro-1,1,4a-trimethyl-6-methylene-5-yl)-3-methylpent-2- enal (11), stigmasterol glucoside (12) and stigmast-4-en-3-one (13) from F. hispida Linn., respectively, were isolated. The different extracts of the barks and leaves of these plants along with the isolated compounds had antioxidant and hyploglycemic activities. Conclusions: The five triterpenoids (1-5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of F. pomifera, and compounds (6-13) were isolated from the chloroform extract of the barks of F. hispida. Methanol extract of the leaves of F. pomifera and the chloroform extract of the barks of F. hispida; compounds (1-13) isolated from these two plants reduced DPPH free radicals in a concentrationdependent manner. It was also observed that the methanol and chloroform extracts of the plants, F. pomifera and F. hispida respectively, and the compounds (1, 6 & 7) exhibited anti-diabetic properties and also caused a highly significant reduction in the blood glucose levels of normal rats.

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Isolation and characterization of chemical constituents with in vitro anti-hypertensive and anthelmintic activities of Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) sweet leaves: An ethno medicinal plant of North East India

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 161-166

Author(s):

Barnali Gogoi ◽

Kashyap J. Tamuli ◽

Neipihoi ◽

Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽

Hemanta K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Isolation And Characterization

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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calyces from Physalis peruviana

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reina M. Toro ◽

Diana M. Aragón ◽

Luis F. Ospina ◽

Freddy A. Ramos ◽

Leonardo Castellanos

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Edema Model ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Bio Assay

Physalis peruviana calyces are used extensively in folk medicine. The crude ethanolic extract and some fractions of calyces were evaluated in order to explore antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the TPA-induced ear edema model. The antioxidant in vitro activity was measured by means of the superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions. The butanolic fraction was found to be promising due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, a bio-assay guided approach was employed to isolate and identify rutin (1) and nicotoflorin (2) from their NMR spectroscopic and MS data. The identification of rutin in calyces of P. peruviana supports the possible use of this waste material for phytotherapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic preparations.

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DETECTION OF BIOACTIVE FRACTIONS OF JUSTICIA ADHATODA L. LEAVES

Canadian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.21065/19257430.388.3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Faiza Rasheed ◽

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Total Alkaloid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Essential Metal ◽

Justicia Adhatoda

In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (locally known as Bhaikar) were assessed. The leaves were also subjected to various phytochemical analysis. Results revealed that leaves of J. adhatoda L. contain significant amount of total alkaloid, phenols flavonoid, saponins, tannins , protein, crude oil, dietary fiber, essential and non essential metal ions. The methanol, ethanol, butanol, chloroform and n-hexane leaf extracts of J

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Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes on sodium dichromate-induced kidney injury in rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0184 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 239-247

Author(s):

Mbarka Hfaiedh ◽

Dalel Brahmi ◽

Mohamed Nizar Zourgui ◽

Lazhar Zourgui

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Sodium Dichromate ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica

Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium, is widely recognized as potentially nephrotoxic in humans and animals. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Cactus cladodes extract (CCE) was phytochemically studied and tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant activities. Additionally, the preventive effect of CCE against sodium dichromate-induced renal dysfunction in a Wistar rat model (24 rats) was evaluated. For this purpose, CCE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 10 mg/kg sodium dichromate (intraperitoneal injection). After 40 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys were excised for histological, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme analyses. The phenol, flavonoid, tannin, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents of CCE were considered to be important. Our analyses showed that 1 mL of CCE was equivalent to 982.5 ± 1.79 μg of gallic acid, 294.37 ± 0.84 μg of rutin, 234.78 ± 0.24 μg of catechin, 204.34 ± 1.53 μg of ascorbic acid, and 3.14 ± 0.51 μg of β-carotene. In vivo, pretreatment with CCE was found to provide significant protection against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, preserving normal antioxidant activities, and protecting renal tissues from lesions and DNA damage. The nephroprotective potential of CCE against sodium dichromate toxicity might be due to its antioxidant properties.

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Common Ancestry & Genetic Diversity of Few Indigenous Chilli Land Races of North East India

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.7(6).p240-247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 240-247

Author(s):

Minakshi Bhattacharjee ◽

Jutika Boro ◽

Swati Singha ◽

Hitesh Boro ◽

Narbu Gengla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Common Ancestry ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

Potential Health ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Rapd Profile ◽

Dpph Method

Since chilies contain high quantities of bioactive potential compounds, they are expected to possess large number of pharmacological values like antioxi-dants, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, diuretics activi-ties and is being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. The current study aimed at comparative evaluation of antioxidant properties, phytochemicals and RAPD assay from extracts of 6 different types of chilli found in the states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh of North East India. The plant extracts were screened for phyto-chemicals, antioxidant analysis and RAPD profile. Phytochemical analysis shows abundant presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins etc. The antioxidants activities of all the aqueous extracts were evaluated using the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity (% oxidation inhibition) ranged from as high as 86.56% in Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum assamicum) extracts to as low as 18.77% in Badami Jolokia (Capsicum annum) extract. Chilli samples studied possess potential health benefits by inhibiting many oxidation reactions caused by free radicals. Genetic diversity in 6 chilli genotypes was analyzed by RAPD markers of the fourteen random primers among which 11 were polymorphic. The phylogenetic tree showed common ancestry and the divergence among the chilli species. Based on the current study findings, it may be concluded the RAPD technology can be a useful tool in explaining the genetic diversity among chilli genotypes.

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In vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical analyses of Acalypha godseffiana (Euphobiaceae) leaf extracts

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v25i1.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

S.O. Olubodun ◽

G.E. Eriyamremu ◽

M.E. Ayevbuomwan ◽

C.I. Nzoputa

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The presence of various bioactive components makes it necessary to analyse plants for their potential to act as a source of useful treatments and cures for many inflammatory, infectious and pathogenic diseases. This study was carried out to determine phytochemicals and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Acalypha godseffiana. The leaves of A. godseffiana were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted separately with methanol and water using maceration method. The extract was concentrated in vacuo with rotary evaporator at 40oC. The extracts were subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis and different anti-oxidant analytical procedures like FRAP, DPPH etc to determine the radical scavenging capabilities. The results of phytochemical analysis estimated the quantities and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids which varied in both extracts. The methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited antioxidant activities with relatively high IC50 (IC50 = 3.67 ìg/ml and 4.42ìg/ml respectively) which accounted for a low free radical-scavenging activity when compared with the reference antioxidant, vitamin C (IC50 = 1.51ìg/ml). The results of the study indicates that A. godseffiana leaf extracts contain secondary metabolites and possesses antioxidant properties.

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Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant effects of hydromethanol extract of Paullinia pinnata root bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rat

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2015-0017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Onoja Samuel Okwudili ◽

Nwachukwu Glory Chimaobi ◽

Ezeja Maxwell Ikechukwu ◽

Omeh Yusuf Ndukaku

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Bark ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Reference Drug

Abstract Background The study evaluated phytochemical composition, antidiabetic, oral glucose tolerance test and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydromethanol extract of Paullinia pinnata root bark. Methods Cold maceration method was used in extract preparation and scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals was used to evaluate antioxidant properties of the extract. Diabetes was induced with alloxan at the dose of 160 mg/kg. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was tested at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, and glibenclamide was used as reference drug. Results Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and terpenes/sterols. The extract produced a significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decrease in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the treated rats when compared with the distilled water treated rats, but did not produce dose-dependent effects. The extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused 83.62 %, 60.66 %, 47.77 % and 68.52 % reduction respectively in FBG at 6 h post-treatment while the distilled water (5 mL/kg) produced 8.12 % reduction in FBG at 6 h post treatment. The extract (50 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) oral glucose tolerance effect in both normoglycemic and diabetic rats. The extract produced concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity and had its optimum effect at 400 µg/mL concentration. Conclusions This study suggests that P. pinnata root bark has potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities and also validates its use in folkloric medicine in the management of diabetes-related conditions.

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Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301

Author(s):

Partha P Dutta ◽

Manobjyoti Bordoloi ◽

Sonali Roy ◽

Bardwi Narzary ◽

Kabita Gogoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Future Studies ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Gnetum Gnemon ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

First Time

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

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