scholarly journals The Implementation of COVID-19 Social Distancing Measures Changed the Frequency and the Characteristics of Facial Injury: The Newcastle (Australia) Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 194338752096228
Author(s):  
Che-Jen Wang ◽  
Gary R. Hoffman ◽  
Gary M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Facial Injury ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Primary Predictor ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Study Design: A retrospective study was undertaken of a cohort of facially injured patients using matched 8-week periods: non-COVID (2019) and COVID (2020). Objective: To determine whether there were any changes to the frequency and characteristics of facial injury due to the imposition of COVID-19 social distancing measures. Methods: The primary predictor variable was an 8-week period of COVID-19 social distancing. The primary outcome variable was the sustaining of a facial injury. Demographic (age/gender) and injury characteristics (mechanism, site, and treatment) were also studied. Descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken and comparison made using Pearson χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The number of facial injuries decreased from 103 (2019) to 73 (2020). There were statistically significant differences in changes over time for the 8-week periods. There were some clinically apparent differences seen in the characteristics of facial injuries. Conclusions: The imposition of COVID-19 social distancing changed the frequency and characteristics of facial injury.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Characteristics of Facial Injury Following COVID-19 Social Distancing Laws: Newcastle, (Australia) Observations

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110154
Author(s):  
Michael M. Qiu ◽  
Gary R. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Facial Injury ◽  
Public Health Benefit ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Primary Predictor ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The imposition of COVID-19 social distancing laws serendipitously decreased the frequency and altered the characteristics of facial injury presentation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the devolution of social distancing laws had the opposite effect. Materials and methods: The authors undertook a retrospective study of the clinical records of a cohort of patients who sustained a facial injury during COVID-19 social distancing devolution. The primary predictor valuable was the 8 week devolution of social distancing. Other variables consisted of a heterogeneous set of factors grouped into logical categories: demographic, injury specifics, and treatment. A descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken on the assembled results. Results: The study found that the absolute numbers of facial injury presentation rose from 73 to 120; a 64% increase. The study also found that there was an alteration to the characteristics of facial injury presentation across the study variables. Conclusion: The initial imposition and subsequent devolution of COVID-19 social distancing measures had a serendipitous public health benefit. Initially there was a decrease in the frequency of facial injury presentation followed by an increase upon cessation of social distancing restrictions

scholarly journals Detecting Instruction Effects—Deciding Between Covariance Analytical and Change-Score Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Köhler ◽  
Johannes Hartig ◽  
Alexander Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Hypothetical Data ◽  
Instructional Research ◽  
Time Point

AbstractThe article focuses on estimating effects in nonrandomized studies with two outcome measurement occasions and one predictor variable. Given such a design, the analysis approach can be to include the measurement at the previous time point as a predictor in the regression model (ANCOVA), or to predict the change-score of the outcome variable (CHANGE). Researchers demonstrated that both approaches can result in different conclusions regarding the reported effect. Current recommendations on when to apply which approach are, in part, contradictory. In addition, they lack direct reference to the educational and instructional research contexts, since they do not consider latent variable models in which variables are measured without measurement error. This contribution assists researchers in making decisions regarding their analysis model. Using an underlying hypothetical data-generating model, we identify for which kind of data-generating scenario (i.e., under which assumptions) the defined true effect equals the estimated regression coefficients of the ANCOVA and the CHANGE approach. We give empirical examples from instructional research and discuss which approach is more appropriate, respectively.

1239 Postoperative Complication Rate of Facial Injury Repairs Treated by Maxillofacial On-Call Team: Surgical Audit

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dhanjal ◽  
M Ghouri ◽  
S Crank
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Facial Injury ◽  
Postoperative Complication Rate ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Facial Injuries

Abstract Introduction A significant aspect of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery workload relates to trauma, particularly soft-tissue injuries. Contingent on the aetiology of injury, facial wounds require debridement and rapid closure to reduce risk of infection and degree of scarring. The aim was to identify possible risks and frequency of postoperative complications, including problems identified by patients following treatment of facial injuries by the Maxillofacial on-call team. Method Data was retrospectively collected from patients who sustained soft-tissue facial injuries treated by the Maxillofacial team and provided with follow-up appointments from January to August 2020. Computerised clinical notes were accessed to determine patient demographics, mechanism and site of injury, location and time of repair, operator grade and postoperative complications (if any). Results 153 patients required debridement and suturing of a facial injury under local or general anaesthetic. Among these, the male to female ratio was 65:35. 47% of facial injuries resulted from mechanical fall. Lips were found to be the most common site (31%) of injury. Postoperative complication rate was 8% within the 8-month period, with reports of infection, wound dehiscence and haematoma requiring further treatment. 58% of complications resulted from treatment carried out between 5pm-5am with a sole operator (DCT/SHO). 83% of complications followed treatment carried out within the Emergency Department rather than Maxillofacial clinical setting. Conclusion Following facial injury repair, just less than 8% of patients experienced complications, which required corrective treatment. Although facial injuries require immediate care, careful planning and performing treatment in a specialised setup may improve perioperative care, thus clinical outcomes.

The Most Dangerous Game: A Review of Head and Neck Injuries in American Football and Rugby

2022 ◽  
pp. 194338752110734
Author(s):  
Jordan Richardson ◽  
Dani Stanbouly ◽  
Harrison Moynihan ◽  
Renée M. Reynolds ◽  
Matthew J. Recker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
American Football ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Increased Risk

Study Design The investigators designed and implemented a 20-year cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Objective The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare hospital admission (danger) rates between rugby and football of those who presented to the emergency department with head and neck injuries after playing these sports. Methods The primary predictor variable was sport played. The primary outcome variable was danger, measured by hospital admission rates. Results Over the past 20 years, there has been a trend of decreasing incidence of injuries presenting to the emergency department in both sports. There was no difference in the rate of hospital admission when comparing football and rugby (OR, 1.2; P = .1). Male gender was associated with an increased risk of admission. Other variables associated with hospital admission included white racial group, injury taking place in the fall, being either young (15–24 years old) or senior (65 years of age and over), and being injured at school or at a sport/recreational facility. Conclusions There is no difference in danger as measured by admission rates between American football and rugby. There exists, however, several variables that are associated with admission when sustaining injury to the head and neck, when playing these two sports.

DRAIN VERSUS NO DRAIN AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY-A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Neelesh Bansal ◽  
Simran Simran ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Drain Group ◽  
Calculate Sample Size ◽  
Site Pain

INTRODUCTION Gallstones are the most common conditions encountered in surgical OPD. The prevalence rose with age, except in women of 40-49 years, so that at 60-69 years, 22.4% of women and 11.5% of men had gall stones or had undergone cholecystectomy. With the help of this study, best treatment option for cholecystectomy patient (whether to insert drain or not), was ensured in terms of post lap cholecystectomy collections of bile or blood, drain site pain. The study was provide knowledge whether drain insertion was benecial or harmful to patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS This comparative study was presented to the surgery OPD and emergency department with cholelithiasis within a period of 1 year from the approval of Research committee and Ethics Committee, Adesh institute of medical sciences and research, Bathinda. The primary outcome variable used to calculate sample size is amount of collection on post-operative day 3(Quantitative Variable) in both groups. Total 100 patients were present in this study. RESULT In this present study VAS median grade in patients with drain was G4 (48%), followed by G3(47%) then G2(5%). VAS median grade in without drain group was G2 (48%), followed by G3(31%) and G1(16%). CONCLUSION There is no signicant difference as far as post operative wound infection in laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with drain or without drain. Therefore in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy keeping drain can be avoided as it does not provide any additional benet.

scholarly journals Stronger Association between Nucleus Accumbens Density and Body Mass Index in Low-Income and African American Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p107
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
African American ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Ses Differences

Background: The nucleus accumbens’ (NAc) size, function, and density influence individuals’ body mass index (BMI). However, little is known about racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in the role of NAc density as a predictor of childhood BMI. Objectives: We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in the effect of NAc density on childhood BMI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 9497 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression models were used to analyze the data. The predictor variable was NAc density measured using diffusion MRI (dMRI). The outcome variable was BMI, operationalized as a continuous variable. Covariates included sex, age, ethnicity, family structure, and parental education. Race (White, African American, Asian, and Other/mixed) and household income (< 50k, 50-100 k, and 100+ k) were the moderators. Results: High NAc diffusion tension (density) was predictive of higher BMI, net of covariates. However, the positive association between NAc density and BMI was stronger in African Americans than in White, and in low-income than in high-income children. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although high NAc has implications for children’s BMI, this effect varies across racial and SES groups. More research should be performed on the role of obesogenic environments in altering the effect of NAc on childhood BMI.

Abstract TMP65: Depth of Hospital Participation in Telestroke is Associated with Faster Door-to-Needle Time for Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Moreno ◽  
Khawja A Saddiqui ◽  
Anand Viswanathan ◽  
Cynthia Whitney ◽  
Natalia Rost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Median Hospital ◽  
Primary Predictor

Background: Telestroke increases tPA use at spoke hospitals, yet its effect on door-to-needle (DTN) times is unknown. More frequent use of telestroke may introduce delays in DTN time or may improve it as practice leads to streamlined processes. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that spoke hospitals with more frequent contact to a hub hospital will have shorter DTN times than those with less frequent contact. Methods: We identified 367 patients treated with tPA by conventional or telestroke methods in the MGH Telestroke network for whom date and time data were available. Strength of the spoke-MGH connection was the primary predictor variable, defined as the number of all telestroke consults (tPA and non-tPA) done at each spoke hospital during the year of the patient’s presentation. Patient-level regression analyses examined the relationship between DTN time and spoke-MGH connection. We controlled for hospitals’ tPA volume, temporal trends, and clustering within hospitals. Results: Sixteen spoke hospitals contributed data on 367 tPA-treated patients from 2006-2016. Hospitals treated a median of 12.5 patients with tPA (IQR 7-33.5). Median hospital-level DTN was 78.8 minutes (IQR 71.3-85). Median number of telestroke consults per year was 37 (IQR 15-60). Among all 367 patients, median DTN was 76 minutes (IQR 61-98), and 24.8% of patients were treated within 60 minutes (n=91). Strength of connection between the spoke and hub hospital was significantly associated with faster DTN time for patients (1.8 minute gain per 10 additional consults, p<0.001) and increased likelihood of tPA delivery within 60 minutes (OR 1.01, p<0.001). Conclusion: More frequent contact between a telestroke spoke and its hub was associated with faster tPA delivery for patients, even after accounting for hospitals’ tPA volume and secular trends in DTN improvements. This highlights added benefits of increased utilization of telestroke.

End-Tidal CO2 as a Predictor of Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Eckstein ◽  
Lorien Hatch ◽  
Jennifer Malleck ◽  
Christian McClung ◽  
Sean O. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate initial end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) as a predictor of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Methods: This was a retrospective study of all adult, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital, cardiac arrests during 2006 and 2007 in Los Angeles, California. The primary outcome variable was attaining return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field. All demographic information was reviewed and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables of the cardiac arrest were significantly associated with ROSC.Results: There were 3,121 cardiac arrests included in the study, of which 1,689 (54.4%) were witnessed, and 516 (16.9%) were primary ventricular fibrillation (VF). The mean initial EtCO2 was 18.7 (95%CI = 18.2–19.3) for all patients. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 695 patients (22.4%) for which the mean initial EtCO2 was 27.6 (95%CI = 26.3–29.0). For patients who failed to achieve ROSC, the mean EtCO2 was 16.0 (95%CI = 15.5–16.5). The following variables were significantly associated with achieving ROSC: witnessed arrest (OR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.07–2.12); initial EtCO2 >10 (OR = 4.79; 95%CI = 3.10–4.42); and EtCO2 dropping <25% during the resuscitation (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 2.01–3.97).The combination of male gender, lack of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, unwitnessed collapse, non-vfib arrest, initial EtCO2 ≤10 and EtCO2 falling > 25% was 97% predictive of failure to achieve ROSC.Conclusions: An initial EtCO2 >10 and the absence of a falling EtCO2 >25% from baseline were significantly associated with achieving ROSC in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. These additional variables should be incorporated in termination of resuscitation algorithms in the prehospital setting.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Radiology Software to Improve Cardiology Results Reporting

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 936-944
Author(s):  
Kendra Ward ◽  
Barbara Deal ◽  
Jeffrey Anderson ◽  
Sabrina Tsao ◽  
Gregory Webster
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Cardiology ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Holter Monitor ◽  
Scanning Time ◽  
Improve Result ◽  
Results Reporting

Summary Objective: Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiograms (“Holter” monitors) are a key diagnostic test in cardiology. Commercial electronic medical record (EMR) tools have not been designed for pediatric Holter monitor reporting and paper-based methods are inefficient. Methods: Our tertiary pediatric hospital adapted a radiology EMR tool to a cardiology workflow in order to report Holter monitor results. A retrospective review was performed at 4 time points: prior to intervention, immediately post-intervention, at 6 months and at 12 months post-intervention. The primary outcome variable was time to reporting of Holter findings. Results: Holter reports were reviewed on 527 studies (patient ages: 1 day to 42 years). The time between the date the patient returned the Holter monitor until the date the referring physician received a final report improved from 19.8 days to 1.5 days (p<0.001). This result was durable over the next 12 months of follow-up. Physician interpretation time improved from 2.1 days to 0.6 days (p=0.01). Transcriptionist time and result scanning time were eliminated (removing 1.9 days and 14 days from the workflow, respectively). Conclusion: EMR systems are not typically designed for pediatric cardiology, but existing systems can be adapted, yielding important gains for patient care. In specialties like pediatric cardiology, there is insufficient volume nationally to drive development of commercial systems. This study demonstrates the general principle that creative adaptation of EMR systems can improve result reporting in pediatric cardiology and likely in other cardiology practices.Citation: Webster G, Ward K, Deal BJ, Anderson JB, Tsao S. Adaptation of Radiology Software to Improve Cardiology Results Reporting. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 936–944 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-03-RA-0051

Prediction to Successful Treatment Outcome by Client Characteristics and Retention in Treatment in Adolescent Drug Treatment Programs: A Large-Scale Cross Validation Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred S. Friedman ◽  
Nita W. Glickman ◽  
Margaret R. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Client Characteristics ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
Retention In Treatment

NIDA–CODAP file data on adolescent clients admitted to thirty selected outpatient programs were available for calendar years 1979 ( N = 2509) and 1980 ( N = 3094). Two outcome criterion variables were utilized: 1) CODAP's “Reasons for Discharge” classification, and 2) a formula for “Reduction of Drug Use.” School grade, controlled for age, was the only client predictor variable found to account for more than 1 percent of the variance in the “Reasons for Discharge” outcome variable. Marijuana as the primary drug of abuse was the only client variable to account for more than 1 percent (4.4 percent) of the variance in the Reduction in Drug Use. The primary marijuana users showed less reduction in amount of drug use, and were less often considered to have completed the course of treatment. Time in treatment accounted for 1.6 percent in 1979 and 1.3 percent in 1980 of the variance in the “Reduction in Drug Use” criterion.

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