Establishing a New Information Paradigm

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail DeWitt Doucette
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
New Information ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
Academic Information ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Beijing China

This paper suggests a new information paradigm and recommends the establishment of a new academic and scientific discipline, or a metaphysics of information, to be built on the premise that information is also a part of all the universes, elements, systems, and conditions. Therefore, it is also an integral part of all the other individual disciplines and sciences. It is essential to look beyond the limitations of how humans use and perceive information, or even how other living organisms use information. It is proposed that information is in a continuous and dynamic evolutionary process that ranges from simple to complex forms, at every level, across all scientific and academic domains, as well as being a significant element in everything that exists. Information is a trigger mechanism, an emphasis and a nutrient, not only for information activities, but also all physical, and biological elements, systems and activities. Each existing discipline has within it a significant core informational element, which helps formulate and define that discipline. The science of information will bring together core science and academic information elements to correlate, compare and assemble a combined theoretical base. This new discipline should coexist equally with traditional scientific and academic categories such as physical, social science, arts, and humanities. It should not compete with or replace other disciplines but should stand alongside them and assist them to build comparisons and consolidations amongst multiple disciplines regarding information theories, methodologies, practices—by adding new perspectives, resources, and developments. This paper is adapted from a presentation to the Fourth International Conference on the Foundation of Information Science, held in conjunction with the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence at the Huazhiong University of Science and Technology in August 2010 in Beijing, China.

scholarly journals Towards a New Science of Information

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Dail Dewitt Doucette
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
New Science ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Information ◽  
Living Organisms

This paper suggests a New Information Paradigm and recommends the establishment of a new academic and scientific discipline to be titled "Science of Information", built on a premise that information is also a major part of all the universes, elements, systems, and conditions. Therefore, it is also an integral part of all the other individual disciplines and sciences. It is essential to look beyond the limitations of how humans use and perceive information, or even how other living organisms use information. It is proposed that information is a continuous evolving process, that exists in some simple to complex form in every stage of development, across all scientific and academic domains, as well as being a significant part of everything that exists. Information is a trigger mechanism, emphasis and nutrient, not only for information activities itself but also all physical, and biological elements, systems and activities. Each existing discipline has within it a significant core Informational Element, which helps formulate and define that discipline. The Science of Information will bring together these core information elements in order to correlate, compare and assemble a combined theoretical base. This new discipline should be established as a meta-discipline. It should exist equally with traditional discipline categories such as physical, social science, arts, and humanities. It should not compete with or replace other disciplines. It should stand alongside them and assist them, as well as conduct comparisons and consolidations amongst multiple disciplines regarding information theories, methodologies, practices, by adding new perspectives, resources and developments.

scholarly journals Towards a New Science of Information

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Dail Dewitt Doucette
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
New Science ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Information ◽  
Living Organisms

This paper suggests a New Information Paradigm and recommends the establishment of a new academic and scientific discipline to be titled "Science of Information", built on a premise that information is also a major part of all the universes, elements, systems, and conditions. Therefore, it is also an integral part of all the other individual disciplines and sciences. It is essential to look beyond the limitations of how humans use and perceive information, or even how other living organisms use information. It is proposed that information is a continuous evolving process, that exists in some simple to complex form in every stage of development, across all scientific and academic domains, as well as being a significant part of everything that exists. Information is a trigger mechanism, emphasis and nutrient, not only for information activities itself but also all physical, and biological elements, systems and activities. Each existing discipline has within it a significant core Informational Element, which helps formulate and define that discipline. The Science of Information will bring together these core information elements in order to correlate, compare and assemble a combined theoretical base. This new discipline should be established as a meta-discipline. It should exist equally with traditional discipline categories such as physical, social science, arts, and humanities. It should not compete with or replace other disciplines. It should stand alongside them and assist them, as well as conduct comparisons and consolidations amongst multiple disciplines regarding information theories, methodologies, practices, by adding new perspectives, resources and developments.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, dynamic efficiency and Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
Vincent Wolters
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
New Information ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
The Brain

In this work I will lend support to the theory of «dynamic efficien - cy», as outlined by Prof. Huerta de Soto in The Theory of Dynamic Efficiency (2010a). Whereas Huerta de Soto connects economics with ethics, I will take a different approach. Since I have a back-ground in Artificial Intelligence (A.I.), I will show that this and related fields have yielded insights that, when applied to the study of economics, may call for a different way of looking at the eco-nomy and its processes. At first glance, A.I. and economics do not seem to have a lot in common. The former is thought to attempt to build a human being; the latter is supposed to deal with depressions, growth, inflation, etc. That view is too simplistic; in fact there are strong similarities. First, economics is based on (inter-)acting individuals, i.e. on human action. A.I. tries to understand and simulate human (and animal) behavior. Second, economics deals with information pro-cessing, such as how the allocation of resources can best be orga-nized. A.I. also investigates information processing. This can be in specific systems, such as the brain, or the evolutionary process, or purely in an abstract form. Finally, A.I. tries to answer more philosophical questions like: what is intelligence? What is a mind? What is consciousness? Is there free will? These topics play a less prominent role in economics, but are sometimes touched upon, together with the related topic of the «entrepreneurial function». The paradigm that was dominant in the early days of A.I. is static in nature. Reaching a solution is done in different steps. First: gathering all necessary information. Second: processing this in - formation. Finally: the outcome of this process, a clear conclusion. Each step in the process is entirely separate. During information gathering no processing is done, and during processing, no new information is added. The conclusion reached is final and cannot change later on. Logical problems are what is mostly dealt with, finding ways in which a computer can perform deductions based on the information that is represented as logical statements. Other applications are optimization problems, and so-called «Expert Systems», developed to perform the work of a judge reaching a verdict, or a medical doctor making a diagnosis based on the symptoms of the patient. This paradigm is also called «top-down», because information flows to a central point where it is processed, or «symbolic processing», referring to deduction in formal logic.1 In economics there is a similar paradigm, and it is still the do-minant one. This is the part of economics that deals with opti - mization of resources: given costs and given prices, what is the allocation that will lead to the highest profit? Also belonging to this paradigm are the equilibrium models. Demand and supply curves are supposed to be knowable and unchangeable, and the price is a necessary outcome. The culmination is central planning that supposes all necessary information, such as demand and supply curves and available resources to be known. Based on this, the central planner determines prices.

scholarly journals Inclusão digital via acessibilidade web | Digital inclusion via web accessibility

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Cusin ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio Vidotti
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Architecture ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Science Information

Resumo A natureza atual da web, que destaca a participação colaborativa dos usuários em diversos ambientes informacionais digitais, conduz ao desenvolvimento de diretrizes que enfocam a arquitetura da informação digital inclusiva para diferentes públicos nas mais diversas ambiências informacionais. A pesquisa propõe e objetiva um ambiente informacional digital inclusivo, visando apontar os elementos de acessibilidade que permitam a promoção da inclusão informacional digital, de forma a destacar os referenciais da Arquitetura da Informação Digital, de recomendações internacionais, com o olhar da Ciência da Informação e das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC).Palavras-chave inclusão digital; web; acessibilidade; ciência da informação; arquitetura da informação.Abstract The current nature of the web, which highlights the collaborative participation of users in various digital informational environments, leads to the development of guidelines that focus on the digital inclusive information architecture for different audiences in diverse informational environments. The study proposes an inclusive digital information environment, aiming to establish the elements of accessibility that  enable the promotion of digital inclusion information in order to highlight the references of digital information architecture, the international recommendations, with the perspective of Information Science and the new information and communication technologies (ICT).Keywords digital inclusion; web; accessibility; information science; information architecture.

Knowledge-Sharing Behavior for the Growth and Development of Library and Information Science Professionals

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-199
Author(s):  
Md. Maidul Islam ◽  
Sadia Afroze
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Academic Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sharing Behavior

The main goal of this chapter is to assess knowledge sharing (KS) behavior among Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals and to assess how KS behavior contributes to professional growth and development in Bangladesh. Defining factors may encourage knowledge sharing behavior and can establish an important area of further LIS research. A modified survey questionnaire is developed and used to collect data on professionals' demographic and academic information, perception, attitude, intention, and intrinsic motivation to share knowledge. The authors found a significant relationship between the attitude of professionals toward KS and their intention to share knowledge. It is believed that the findings will help knowledge managers charged with the design of flexible KS system. This is the first time an effort will be made to assess professionals' perception on KS behavior in Bangladesh. The authors feel that this study may encourage the establishment of KS behavior in Bangladesh and beyond.

Abrupt, Asynchronous Changes in Action Representations by Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurons during Trial and Error Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 4336-4345
Author(s):  
Eldon Emberly ◽  
Jeremy K Seamans
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
New Information ◽  
Error Learning ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Action Representations

Abstract The ability to act on knowledge about the value of stimuli or actions factors into simple foraging behaviors as well as complex forms of decision-making. In striatal regions, action representations are thought to acquire value through a gradual (reinforcement-learning based) process. It is unclear whether this is also true for anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) where neuronal representations tend to change abruptly. We recorded from ensembles of ACC neurons as rats deduced which of 3 levers was rewarded each day. The rat’s lever preferences changed gradually throughout the sessions as they eventually came to focus on the rewarded lever. Most individual neurons changed their responses to both rewarded and nonrewarded lever presses abruptly (<2 trials). These transitions occurred asynchronously across the population but peaked near the point where the rats began to focus on the rewarded lever. Because the individual transitions were asynchronous, the overall change at the population level appeared gradual. Abrupt transitions in action representations of ACC neurons may be part of a mechanism that alters choice strategies as new information is acquired.

The rich but confusing terminology of biological nomenclature: a first step towards a comprehensive glossary

Bionomina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Alain DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Basic Need ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Protect Study

Biology deals with billions of living organisms, which display a great diversity but also share many characters, being the result of an evolution. Designating these organisms in a universal and unambiguous way is a basic need for communication, not only among taxonomists or even biologists, but with society as a whole. It is indispensable to have a unique system for distinguishing and naming the organisms that may be used for alimentary, agronomical, veterinary or medical purposes or for any other human needs, that may be responsible for diseases, pollutions, biotic invasions, that we may wish to protect, study or admire, etc. For all these purposes, we need a scientific discipline, taxonomy, dealing not only with the classification of living organisms into millions of classificatory units, the taxa, but also with the designation and indexation of these taxa (nomenclature). Biological nomenclature has to care for the scientific naming of millions of taxa (species and higher taxa like genera or families), the inventory of which is still very far from being finished.

scholarly journals Domestic Dissertations in the area of Library and Information Science, Bibliography and Bibliology [Ending]

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Tat’yana V. Eremenko
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Bibliometric Studies

The author presents the comparative analytical review of bibliometric studies of the domestic dissertations, defended in disciplines 05.25.03 - Library and Information science, Bibliography and Bibliology. There are revealed discrepancies in quantitative data and some contradictions in the findings of different authors on the periods of scientific activities. For the purpose of refining and updating information there was studied collection of dissertations on these disciplines for the period of 1986-2013, using such criteria of bibliometric analysis as a year of defending the thesis, academic degree for which dissertation was defended, content of dissertation (by the field of science specified in the passport of scientific discipline). There are determined periods of scientific activity in the formation of the collection of dissertations. On the basis of methods of mathematical statistics there is studied the uniformity of depositing thesis collection by annual flows.

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