It Doesn’t Apply to Me, So It Isn’t Real: People Are Likely to Deny Science if It Contradicts Their Personality

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110514
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Evans ◽  
Adam K. Fetterman
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Real People

When science contradicts people’s experiences, they often deny the science. Psychological science may be particularly prone to denialism because of its relatively high relevance to people’s lives. In two sets of studies ( N = 637 from university students and Mechanical Turk workers), we tested whether perceived and actual incongruence between one’s personality and scientific findings predict psychological discomfort and science denialism. Participants rated the incongruence (subjective incongruence) between their own personality responses and science, as well as their comfort and denial of the science. Those who experienced more subjective incongruence experienced greater discomfort and reported more science denialism. Those whose personality characteristics were objectively incongruent with the science also experienced greater subjective incongruence (all studies), discomfort (Studies 1A, 1B, and 1C), and science denialism (Studies 1A, 1C, and 2B) compared with those with congruent characteristics. Implications regarding denialism of psychological science, and science more broadly, are discussed.

The Interpreted Mind: Understanding Acting

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia R. Goldstein ◽  
Aline Filipe
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Real People ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
As If

Acting is everywhere: TV, movies, and theater. Yet psychologists know surprisingly little about how acting is processed and understood by viewers. This is despite popular, scholarly, and journalistic obsession both with how actors are able to create characters with fully realized personalities, emotional arcs, physical attributes, and skills, and with whether actors and their characters merge during or after performance. Theoretically, there are several possibilities for how audience members process actors and acting: as literary fiction; as if someone is telling a lie; like essentialist traits and states; or like the personalities and emotions of real people in our every day lives. The authors consider each of these possibilities in turn. They then present 3 studies investigating the amount audiences conflate actors’ and characters’ characteristics ( N = 231) by asking participants directly how much they perceive actors as experiencing the characteristics they portray (Study 1), by showing short video clips of actors and asking participants how much they thought actors were experiencing what they portrayed (Study 2) and by asking participants to judge the overlap in personality characteristics between actors and characters (Study 3). Overall, audience members are conflating actors and their characters. However, how much depends on the characteristic being portrayed and the knowledge of the audience. We propose a theoretical model of when and how audience members think of actors and their characters as blended, and we lay out a research agenda to determine how acting and actors are understood.

PERSONALITY, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND SMOKING STATUS AMONG TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmet Yazici
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
University Students ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Turkish University Students

The association between the sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status of 385 male and 241 female university students was examined. Depressive symptoms and sociotropic/autonomic personality were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (adapted for use in Turkey by Hisli [1998]) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (adapted for use in Turkey by Şahin, Ulusoy, & Şahin [1993]); smoking behaviors were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status. Current smokers showed a trend, scoring higher than nonsmokers on depressive symptoms, and they also scored significantly higher than nonsmokers on autonomy. Results also show that depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.10), and autonomy (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.03) were predictive variables of current smoking status.

scholarly journals Influence of Type A and Type B Personality on Academic Achievement of University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Aabida Aabida ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Dahar ◽  
Muhammad Imran Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Type A ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type A Personality

Several factors directly or indirectly influence academic achievement of students. There is immense variation in students’ academic achievement due to individual differences. Therefore, every individual has different personality characteristics that influence life, especially students’ academic achievement. Thus, the current study investigates the influence of personality types A and B on academic achievement of university students. This study presents a descriptive design. Furthermore, a random sampling technique was used for the sample selection. The Anjum-Khalique Scale and students’ GPAs were utilized as research tools. Correlation, regression and t-test were employed for data analysis. Findings exposed that personality types A and B have overall significant impact on academic achievement of students. Significant academic achievement difference was found between male and female students of type B personality unlike type A personality. It is recommended that deficiencies in personalities may be taken into consideration by teachers, administrators, educators, curriculum developers and policymakers for improvement in academic achievement.

scholarly journals Comparing Internet Experiences and Prosociality in Amazon Mechanical Turk and Population-Based Survey Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802311988983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Hargittai ◽  
Aaron Shaw
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
University Students ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Postal Mail ◽  
Population Based Survey

Given the high cost of traditional survey administration (postal mail, phone) and the limits of convenience samples such as university students, online samples offer a much welcomed alternative. Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) has been especially popular among academics for conducting surveys and experiments. Prior research has shown that AMT samples are not representative of the general population along some dimensions, but evidence suggests that these differences may not undermine the validity of AMT research. The authors revisit this comparison by analyzing responses to identical survey questions administered to both a U.S. national sample and AMT participants at the same time. The authors compare the two samples on sociodemographic factors, online experiences, and prosociality. The authors show that the two samples are different not just demographically but also regarding their online behaviors and standard survey measures of prosocial behaviors and attitudes. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for data collected on AMT.

scholarly journals The Effect of University Students’ Individual Innovation and Lifelong Learning Trends on Entrepreneurship Orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6201
Author(s):  
Ebru Aykan ◽  
Gül Karakuş ◽  
Hande Karakoç
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects that personality characteristics (PC) of university students, as potential entrepreneurs, have on their entrepreneurship intentions (which are an important indicator of whether or not they will start new initiatives), and to determine the mediating role of lifelong learning tendencies. The study’s population consisted of approximately 4000 students at Erciyes University who had relatively high chances of becoming entrepreneurs in total, 924 students were reached. In the research, it was found that the participants’ personality characteristics and sub-dimensions had a significant but positive relationship with their entrepreneurial intentions. In the final findings of this study, it was found that lifelong learning tendencies have a partial mediating role in the relationship between the students’ personality characteristics and entrepreneurship tendencies. At this point, it was observed that the personality characteristics of individuals affect their entrepreneurship intentions; with the introduction of lifelong learning tendencies to the model, the effect of personality characteristics on entrepreneurial intentions decreased but remained significant.

Challenges for everyone: Real people, deception, one-shot games, social learning, and computers

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Repeated Games ◽  
Real People ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Student Subjects

This commentary suggests: (1) experimentalists must expand their subject pools beyond university students; (2) the pollution created by deception would not be a problem if experimentalists fully used non-student subjects; (3) one-shot games remain important and repeated games should not ignore social learning; (4) economists need to take better control of context; and (5) using computers in experiments creates potential problems.

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