scholarly journals ALKALINE BISMUTH REAGENT FOR HIGH RESOLUTION ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF PERIODATE-REACTIVE SITES

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
STERLING K. AINSWORTH ◽  
MORRIS J. KARNOVSKY ◽  
SUSUMU ITO
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Bismuth Subnitrate

A simple technique is described for the ultrastructural localization of periodate-reactive mucosubstances and polysaccharides containing 1,2-glycols in thin sections of routinely fixed tissues. In this method the sugar residues are oxidized by periodic acid and the resulting aldehydes presumably reduce chelated bismuth subnitrate to metallic bismuth which then appears as a fine electron-opaque precipitate at the sites of the reducing sugars. The periodic acid-alkaline bismuth procedure provides a high resolution electron microscopic technique for demonstrating tissue sites of periodate-engendered groups very similar to the light microscopic periodic acid-Schiff reaction. The reaction can be prevented by the omission of periodate oxidation or alkaline bismuth subnitrate and by aldehyde blockage with the blocking agent, m-aminophenol. However, glycogen stains markedly without prior periodate oxidation, presumably through chelation of bismuth by hydroxyl groups. Other structures which stain without prior periodate oxidation are liver lysosomal dense bodies and, occasionally, ribosomes.

scholarly journals Identification of glycoproteins associated with elastin-associated microfibrils.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Fanning ◽  
E G Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Nuchal Ligament

The microfibrils associated with elastic tissue have been shown to be predominantly proteinaceous. On the basis of their affinity for cationic stains, including ruthenium red, they have been assumed to be glycoprotein, but more evidence to support this claim has not been adduced. Despite repeated investigation of glycoprotein materials obtained by extraction of elastic tissues with reagents that appear to remove microfibrils, the chemical composition of elastin-associated microfibrils remains obscure. An electron microscopic study of the microfibrils in two elastin-rich tissues (bovine nuchal ligament and aorta) during their development was pursued using more specific histochemical methods. The periodic acid-alkaline bismuth stain (analogous to the periodic acid-Schiff stain for glycoproteins in light microscopy) has been adapted for this study. Specific aldehyde groups (confirmed by blocking with m-aminophenol or sodium borohydride) were identified after periodate oxidation as fine granules of bismuth stain. These were shown to localize specifically along the elastin-associated microfibrils in a finely punctate form. Staining of the amorphous elastic component did not occur except for a fine rim adjacent to the microfibrils. Lectin binding with concanavalin A (with ferritin markers) confirmed that there are glucose- or mannose-containing proteins associated with the microfibrillar component of elastic tissue. This was true of these microfibrils in all layers of the aortic wall and throughout the ligament. It was also true of mature adult tissues in which there was a lesser proportion of microfibrils. It is concluded that elastin-associated microfibrils really are associated with glycoprotein(s).

Evaluation and Microanalysis of Parasitic and Bacterial Agents of Egyptian Fresh Sushi, Salmo salar

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1498-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem ◽  
Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud ◽  
Hanan H. Abdel-Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Serratia Plymuthica ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the quality of fresh sushi in Egypt. Fifty samples of sushi (Salmo salar) were collected from restaurants in Alexandria, Egypt. Paraffin, semi-thin and ultra-thin sections were used for parasitological analysis by light and transmission electron microscopy. Bacteria were isolated by the dilution plate and direct plate methods and identified by a Vitek system. Twenty (40%) of the total examined samples showed microsporidia and helminth metacercariae infections. Histochemical stains showed distinct pinkish-red pyriform microspores embedded in muscular tissue stained with Gram, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stains. Semi-thin sections showed double membrane xenoma-inducing granulomas containing spores at different developmental stages. Empty sporophorous vesicles and free spores were observed in the electron microscopic images. A bacteriological assay showed forty samples (80%) contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria with the average total bacterial counts ranging from 32 to 526 CFU/g. Four species of human pathogenic bacteria were identified in the examined samples, namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia plymuthica in 40, 38, 11, and 6 samples, respectively. These constitute the first record of fresh sushi product in Egypt and indicate the potential pathogenicity associated with raw seafood products.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

The High Resolution Appearance of Biological Substrates

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Glen B. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Large Phase ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
High Resolution Electron Micrographs

High resolution electron microscopic study of negatively stained macromolecules and thin sections of tissue embedded in a variety of media are difficult to interpret because of the superimposed phase image granularity. Although all of the information concerning the biological structure of interest may be present in a defocused electron micrograph, the high contrast of large phase image granules produced by the substrate makes it impossible to distinguish the phase ‘points’ from discrete structures of the same dimensions. Theory predicts the findings; however, it does not allow an appreciation of the actual appearance of the image under various conditions. Therefore, though perhaps trivial, training of the cheapest computer produced by mass labor has been undertaken in order to learn to appreciate the factors which affect the appearance of the background in high resolution electron micrographs.

scholarly journals Vascular Mineralization in the Monkey Brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yanai ◽  
T. Masegi ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
J. Manabe ◽  
M. Teranishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
The Media

Mineralization of various degrees was found in the brains of 79 (59%) of 134 cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis). There was no age dependency in the incidence or severity, nor were there any abnormalities in growth, weight gain, or neurologic signs, although a slight sex difference was observed. The lesions, which were basophilic and intensely positive for periodic acid-Schiff or von Kossa stain, occurred in the vascular walls of the globus pallidus in two types: globoid bodies with prominent concentric lamellar structures in and around the arteriolar and venular wall (type A) and fine granules in the media of small or medium-sized arteries (type B). Electron microscopic examination revealed dense deposits in the degenerated media of small or medium-sized arteries or the thickened walls of the arterioles. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated the presence of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zine, magnesium, and aluminum.

Electron microscopic detection of whipple's bacillus in sarcoidlike periodic acid-Schiff-negative granulomas

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. M. Spapen ◽  
O. Segers ◽  
N. de Wit ◽  
A. Goossens ◽  
P. Buydens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Microscopic Detection

scholarly journals Case Reports: Disseminated Chlorellosis in a Dog

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Quigley ◽  
K. E. Knowles ◽  
G. C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

An adult dog with ataxia and a lingual mass, previously diagnosed as protothecosis, was euthanized. At the postmortem examination, the lingual mass, regions of the lungs and hilar lymph nodes, liver, mesenteric and sublumbar lymph nodes, and spinal meninges had pronounced green discoloration. Histologically, pyogranulomatous inflammation and algal organisms were found in the tongue, spinal meninges, hilar and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and lung. The algae had cell walls positive for periodic acid-Schiff and cytoplasmic granules. Ultrastructurally, the algae had a well-defined cell wall, stacks of grana and thylakoid membrane, and dense bodies, typical of starch granules. The organisms were identified as Chlorella, a green alga, based on the results of histochemistical and electron microscopic examination. To the author's knowledge this is the first report of disseminated Chlorella infection and the first report in a companion animal.

Lectins as Cytochemical Probes of the Developing Wheat Grain. V. Demonstration of Separate Polysaccharides Containing N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine and D-Galactose in Nuclear Epidermal Cell Walls

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Baldo ◽  
D Barnett ◽  
JW Lee
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Wheat Germ Lectin

Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled lectin from wheat-gem, which binds N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and Griffonia simplicifolia, Arachis hypogaea and Glycine max lectins, each of which binds D-galactose, react with nucellar epidermal cell walls in thin sections of plastic-embedded developing wheat grain. Reactivity of these cell walls with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, the absence of staining with protein stains and the failure of a number of proteases and the endoglycosidases D and H to prevent the binding suggested that the lectin-reactive wall components are neither proteins nor N-glycosidically linked glycoproteins. Morphological differences in lectin staining patterns and treatment of sections with chitinase and α-galactosidase, prior to the reaction with the lectins, indicated that two separate polysaccharides are probably involved in the binding. Chitinase removed the reactivity of the nucellar epidermal cell walls for wheat-germ lectin but the binding of D-galactose-specific lectins was unimpaired. Conversely, α-galactosidase did not affect the binding of wheat-germ lectin but reactivity with the galactose-specific lectins was abolished. From the available evidence we conclude that one polysaccharide in the nucellar epidermal cell wall reacts with wheat-germ lectin and contains N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in a chitin-like structure. The other polysaccharide reacts with D-galactose- specific lectins by virtue of terminal α-D-galactose residues. Hydrolysis and subsequent chromatographic analysis of nucellar epidermal cell walls peeled from immature grains revealed the presence of D-glucosamine, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and a trace of D-mannose.

Morphological and Histological Effects of Radiofrequency and Laser (KTP and Nd:YAG) Treatment of the Inferior Turbinates in Animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Somogyvári ◽  
Péter Móricz ◽  
Imre Gerlinger ◽  
László Kereskai ◽  
István Szanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ktp Laser ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short and medium-term effects of radiofrequency (RF) and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) and neodymium-yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment on the inferior turbinate mucosa in a porcine model. Following randomization, the inferior turbinates were treated either with RF submucosally or with the KTP or the Nd:YAG laser on the surface under videoendoscopic control. Tissue samples were taken at the end of postoperative weeks 1 and 6, and were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. Scanning electron microscopy was implemented to demonstrate the morphological changes in the respiratory epithelium. Six weeks following the RF procedure, the mucosa was intact in all cases, and the volume of the inferior turbinates was reduced in the majority of the cases. Although a volume reduction occurred in both laser groups, more complications associated with the healing procedure were noted. With hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining, intact epithelium, and submucosal glands remained after the RF procedures at the end of postoperative week 6. Following the KTP-laser intervention, necrotizing sialometaplasia and cartilage destruction occurred, and squamous metaplasia was also apparent in the Nd:YAG group. In both laser groups, dilated glands with excess mucus were seen. The scanning electron microscopic findings demonstrated that cilia were present in all cases. In conclusion, the medium-term macroscopic results were similar in all 3 groups, but the postoperative complications were less following the RF procedure. RF procedure is minimally invasive due to the submucosal intervention that leads to a painless, function preserving recovery.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

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