Girl YouTubers in Peru as economic agents negotiating gender and class identities

2021 ◽  
pp. 204361062110551
Author(s):  
Laura Leon ◽  
Patricia Ames
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Children’S Agency ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
And Gender

The study examines the role of children as producers, distributors, and consumers in the digital realm. Additionally, it also explores class and gender identities they create and perform in this modality. We focus on young female YouTubers (8–11 years old) from Peru, a country that has experienced significant economic expansion in the first decades of the 21st century. The study analyzes 40 videos created by five girl YouTubers. The discussion addresses the economic role children perform in the digital economy as they produce value through content creation, distribute goods, and engage in globalized consumption. The paper also discusses the ways girls display gender and class identities in their products and their consumption patterns. Throughout the analysis, we use the key concept of children’s agency; the discussion reveals both the concept’s reach and limitations in the context of consumer culture, gender regimes, and neoliberal policies.

The hearthhold in pastoral Fulbe society, central Mali: social relations, milk and drought

Africa ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Units

AbstractIn pastoral Fulbe society in central Mali women had and in some degree still have an important social and economic role, concentrated on a milk economy organised through a special female-headed, women-centred unit called by the Fulbe fayannde, or ‘hearthhold’. In a society of semi-nomadic pastoralists who live most of the year in small social units, social relations and networks are very important, perhaps even crucial to the success of their main survival strategy, which is transhumant cattle-keeping. In the literature on the Fulbe this social unit has received relatively little attention. An analysis from the perspective of the ‘hearthhold’ sheds new light on property and gender relations in Fulbe society in general.Drought has had an enormous impact on the situation of the Jallube studied in this article. Economic change—a switch to agriculture and production for the market—has brought about a shift of focus for the men. Economically, milk is no longer essential for them, and hence the fayannde loses its importance; socially, too, the role of the fayannde, as symbolised by milk, is changing. For women the erosion of the fayannde is serious: an analysis of marriage gifts shows how important the fayannde is not only to the social organisation of the Jallube but also to their economic viability. In times of stress this importance may be greater for women than for men. The decline of the fayannde may lead to a transformation of gender relations, the marriage ceremony and women's social security—changes that the return of the rains or the re-establishment of herds may not reverse.

Are Government Spending and Taxes Too High (or Too Low)?

1996 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flemming ◽  
Peter Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Goods And Services

Arguably the biggest change in the nature even of market economies in the last hundred years has been the increase in the economic role of government. The activities and responsibilities falling under this head have varied with circumstances, but the most universal and consistent theme has been the growing prominence of government as a spender both on goods and services and on transfer payments to other economic agents. The objects o f government spending include the traditional collective products of the legal system, the civil service and the armed forces. They also include the major pillars of the welfare state—social security, health—care and education—as well as other items such as the transport and urban infrastructure, public housing and various forms of assistance to industry and agriculture. These wider objects of government expenditure are mostly popular with the electorate at large, besides being invariably supported by specific advocates and interested parties. Increases in spending are generally easier to bring about than reductions. At the same time, all these objects have to compete for approval and resources not merely with one another but with people's wish to retain as much income as possible for their own private disposition. Tax reductions are no less popular than increases in spending. This article discusses recent UK government policy towards public expenditure and taxation, and some of its impacts upon social welfare.

scholarly journals Urbanization and urban planning at the European semi-periphery: Unintended gender consequences

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pajvancic-Cizelj ◽  
Marina Hjuson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

This paper aims to answer two main questions: 1. what is the relation between urbanization, gender regimes and everyday lives of women at the European semiperiphery and 2. what is the role of urban planning in shaping gender relevant social changes? The authors present an historical overview of intersections between urbanization, planning and gender regimes, from socialist to present neoliberal conditions, the overview of gender aspects of everyday urban life and also engage with analysis of challenges of gender sensitive planning and development at the European semiperiphery. The analysis is mostly based on the case of Serbia and ex-Yugoslav region and has three main objectives: to define key challenges for engendering urban development and planning in the semiperiphery, to map out the ?knowledge gaps?, and to suggest guidelines for further research. In conclusion the authors state that urbanization at the semiperiphery on the one hand opens new opportunities for women, but also poses new challenges that make gender sensitive to urban planning very relevant for the quality of life of both genders. The ?gender and social double blindness? of urban planning and neoliberal urban development model at the European semiperiphery, are seen both as one of the key challenges to gender equality, as well as one of the consequences of their semiperipherial position.

Empirical Analysis of Clinical Evaluations on Children Involved in the Child Protection System: The Role of Age and Gender

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Felix ◽  
Anjali T. Naik-Polan ◽  
Christine Sloss ◽  
Lashaunda Poindexter ◽  
Karen S. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
And Gender

The role of masculine norms and gender role conflict on prospective well-being among men.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Kaya ◽  
Derek K. Iwamoto ◽  
Jennifer Brady ◽  
Lauren Clinton ◽  
Margaux Grivel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
And Gender

Sociostructural Aspects of Socio-Economic Development:The role of Economic approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
M. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author discusses the importance of studying socio-structural factors of socio-economic development through a broader application of the economic approach. The resources of status positions of economic agents are in the spotlight. A possible platform for interdisciplinary interactions is proposed which allows to increase the contribution of both economics and sociology in improving governance at all levels.

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