scholarly journals Depression and reduced emotional experience in schizophrenia: Correlations with self-reported and informant-rated everyday social functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380871982931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
Elizabeth Deckler ◽  
Mackenzie T. Jones ◽  
L. Fredrik Jarskog ◽  
David L. Penn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Reports

Negative symptoms and depression persist in one third of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies suggested that depression has more impact on self-perceived compared to observer-rated social functions. Reduced emotional experience, a subdomain of negative symptoms, predicts social functioning deficits, although its role in self-assessment is unclear. We examined depression and reduced emotional experience and self-reports and informant ratings of social functioning and social cognitive abilities in 135 patients with schizophrenia. Discrepancies between sources were used to index the accuracy and bias in self-assessment. Less severe depression was associated with self-reports of reduced impairments in social functioning and better social cognitive abilities. Reduced emotional experience was related to informant ratings and self-reports of social functioning. Neither reduced emotional experience nor depression was correlated with discrepancies between sources, despite the bias of patients with lower depression to report that they were higher functioning and more competent. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia make global judgments about functioning based on current mood states. There was minimal association between the depression severity and the accuracy of self-assessment, despite positive biases associated with lower depression severity. The determinants of accuracy and bias in self-assessment requires more detailed examination and subdivision of patients based on their depression.

scholarly journals Cognition, social cognition, and Self-assessment in schizophrenia: prediction of different elements of everyday functional outcomes

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Silberstein ◽  
Philip D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Potential Factors

A growing body of research has shown that two domains of cognition, neurocognition and social cognition, predict different domains of real-world outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Social cognition has been shown to predict social outcomes but not non-social outcomes (e.g. living independently), and neurocognition provides minimal prediction of social outcomes (e.g. interpersonal relationships). The differing predictive value of neurocognition and social cognition has led to an exploration of potential factors that interact with cognition to influence everyday outcomes. Functional skills, negative symptoms, and self-assessment have shown particularly promising relationships with cognitive ability. Several consensus studies have pinpointed valid performance-based assessments. High-contact informant ratings have additionally been shown to be highly accurate. The emerging understanding of divergent patterns of predicting outcomes and reliable assessments present an opportunity to improve treatment targets and real-world outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia. In particular, a recently defined component of metacognition has shown particular promise. Introspective accuracy (IA) addresses how well individuals evaluate their own abilities. Emerging research has found that IA of neurocognitive ability better predicts everyday functional deficits than scores on performance-based measures of neurocognitive skills and has found that IA of social cognition accounts unique variance in real world disability above social cognitive abilities. Intriguingly, IA of neurocognition appears to preferentially predict non-social outcomes while IA of social cognition predicts social outcomes.

scholarly journals Prediction of disability in schizophrenia: Symptoms, cognition, and self-assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204380871986569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
Martin T. Strassnig ◽  
Juliet Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Clinical Stability

Schizophrenia is associated with wide-ranging disability across multiple functional domains. There are several determinants of disability that have been identified to date, including cognitive and social cognitive impairments, impairments in everyday functional skills and social skills, difficulties in self-assessment of abilities, and negative symptoms. These impairments are related to different elements of disability, and disability and its predictors are not a single global dimension. Further, although psychotic symptoms have limited cross-sectional correlations with everyday functioning, emerging evidence suggests that long-term clinical stability, often induced through treatment with long-acting antipsychotic medications, is also associated with improvements in everyday functioning. This review addresses the characteristics and origins of disability, with treatment implications noted in each disability domains.

Communication Abilities of Managers: The Relationship to Performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Penley ◽  
Elmore R. Alexander ◽  
I. Edward Jernigan ◽  
Catherine I. Henwood
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Communication Competency ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Communication Competencies ◽  
The Relationship

Communication competence is considered essential to managing, both in terms of its theoretical role in management and in observations of the communication behaviors of managers. Yet the specific skills and abilities or communication competencies of managers have received only limited study in organizational settings. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between managerial performance and communication competency by identifying communication skills and social cognitive abilities that are associated with managerial performance for both male andfemale managers. Female managers provided lower self-reports of skills than male managers, and results linked managerial performance primarily to communication skills.

scholarly journals S221. THE EFFICACY OF LUMATEPERONE 42 MG IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL FUNCTIONING: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF AN ACUTE PLACEBO- AND ACTIVE-CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S123-S123
Author(s):  
Kimberly Vanover ◽  
Robert Davis ◽  
Suresh Durgam ◽  
Jason Huo ◽  
Sharon Mates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Deficits in social functioning are a core feature of schizophrenia and may be due to the interaction of multiple factors including negative symptoms, depression symptoms, and deficits in social cognition. Social and functional impairment in schizophrenia can be difficult to treat, may not correlate with improvements in psychotic symptoms, and has been associated with poor long-term patient outcomes. Lumateperone (lumateperone tosylate, ITI-007) is a mechanistically novel agent for the treatment of schizophrenia that simultaneously modulates serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission. Lumateperone was shown to be efficacious and well tolerated in 2 acute placebo-controlled studies and its safety and effectiveness was further supported in a long-term open-label study. The effects of lumateperone 42 mg (ITI-007 60 mg) on schizophrenia symptoms associated with social function were investigated in a post hoc analysis of a study that included risperidone 4 mg as an active control (Study 005, NCT01499563). Symptoms associated with social functioning were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-derived Prosocial factor (PANSS items P3, P6, N2, N4, N7, G16), which has been utilized previously to evaluate the efficacy of various antipsychotics on this functional domain. Methods This is a post hoc analysis of data from a positive placebo- and active-controlled study in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Change from baseline in the PANSS Prosocial factor was assessed in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and in patients with prominent negative symptoms (PNS, score ≥4 on at least 3 negative symptom items) or moderate-to-severe depression symptoms (Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia [CDSS] ≥6) at baseline. Inferential analysis was conducted using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). Results The ITT population comprised 231 patients (placebo, n=80; lumateperone 42 mg, n=76; risperidone 4 mg, n=75); the PNS and CDSS ≥6 populations comprised 110 and 54 patients, respectively. Lumateperone 42-mg treatment was associated with significantly greater improvement compared with placebo on the PANSS Prosocial factor (least-squares mean difference [LSMD] vs placebo = −2.7; P<.001). Risperidone also was superior to placebo on the PANSS Prosocial factor (LSMD= −1.8; P=.011). Similar treatment effects for lumateperone 42 mg were seen on the PANSS Prosocial factor in patients with PNS at baseline (LSMD −2.6, P=.006). Conversely, in patients with PNS, risperidone treatment showed small and non-significant treatment effects on the PANSS Prosocial factor (LSMD= −0.4; P=.707). In patients with moderate-to-severe depression symptoms at baseline, marked and significant improvements on the PANSS Prosocial factor were seen in lumateperone-treated patients (LSMD= −4.9; P<.001) but not in risperidone-treated patients (LSMD=−1.3; P=.397). Discussion Lumateperone 42 mg significantly improved schizophrenia symptoms related to social functioning. In contrast to risperidone, lumateperone was associated with similar or greater treatment effects on the PANSS Prosocial factor in patients with prominent negative symptoms or moderate-to-severe depression symptoms at baseline. These results suggest that lumateperone may have benefits on schizophrenia symptoms associated with social function.

Disorganization and Social Cognition: Data from the Italian Network of Research on Psychoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
P. Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
The Core ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Multi Center Study

Social cognition (SC) refers broadly to the domains of cognitive functions that are employed in socially relevant situations. These disturbances have been found to be strongly related to disorganized and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Each of the disorganization symptoms suggests a diminishment or absence of organization. There seems to be a loss of the ability to be directed toward or committed to a particular focal topic or goal. Such conditions are likely to impact patients’ drives or motivations to initiate goal-directed activities that could yield pleasurable opportunities. Moreover, it has been suggested that disorganized symptoms are an integral link in cognitive pathways, with connections between cognitive processes weakening as disorganized symptoms increase. Thus, it seems that when disorganized symptoms are present, people with schizophrenia are no longer able to effectively utilize the neurocognitive abilities necessary for performing social cognitive or metacognitive tasks. It is also in line with models of disorganization in schizophrenia (Bleuler, 1911) that a “loosening of associations”—similar to current conceptualizations of disorganized symptoms—is at the core of these cognitive disruptions. Previous research has linked disorganization to cognition (neurocognition and SC) and cognition to social functioning, although in separate studies. The present study was conducted to explore a model, where disorganization predicted social functioning both directly both through indirect effects on other determinants (neurocognition, SC and negative symptoms) in a large, and well-characterized sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited in the context of a multi-center study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses (NIRP).Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

A Case Study: Unique Challenges of an Adolescent Female With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Kimberly F. Frazier ◽  
Jessica Collier ◽  
Rachel Glade
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Social Thinking

Background The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of combining self-management strategies and a social thinking approach to address the social performance and executive function of an adolescent female with autism spectrum disorder. Method This research examined the effects of a social knowledge training program, “Think Social,” as well as strategies to improve higher order cognitive abilities. Results and Conclusion Although quantitative improvement was not found, several qualitative gains in behavior were noted for the participants of this study, suggesting a benefit from using structured environmental cues of self-management strategies, as well as improved social understanding through social cognitive training.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

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