Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion Accidents: Management and Medico-Legal Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Shalini Kanagasingam ◽  
Igor R. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal System

Sodium hypochlorite is considered the most widely used irrigant in endodontics as it exhibits effective antimicrobial activity and has potent tissue-dissolving ability. Whilst it is considered safe when used within the confines of the root canal system, it can cause serious complications when inadvertent periradicular extrusion occurs. This article outlines the complications of sodium hypochlorite extrusion and reviews the appropriate management based on the contemporary evidence. Preventive measures are suggested and the relevant medico-legal considerations are outlined.

scholarly journals A Review Over Benefits and Drawbacks of Combining Sodium Hypochlorite with Other Endodontic Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Sousan Shalavi ◽  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Hamid Jafarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Root Canal System

Introduction:As the root canal system considered to be complex and unpredictable, using root canal irrigants and medicaments are essential in order to enhance the disinfection of the canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant in endodontics. Despite its excellent antimicrobial activity and tissue solubility, sodium hypochlorite lacks some important properties such as substantivity and smear layer removing ability.Objective:The aim of this review was to address benefits and drawbacks of combining sodium hypochlorite with other root canal irrigants and medicaments.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, NaOCl is the most common irrigation solution in endodontics. However, it has some drawbacks such as inability to remove smear layer. One of the drawbacks of NaOCl is its inability to remove the smear layer and lack of substantivity.Conclusion:The adjunctive use of other materials has been suggested to improve NaOCl efficacy. Nevertheless, further studies are required in this field.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Selected Sodium Hypochlorite Heating Methods for Increasing and Maintaining Its Intracanal Temperature—An Ex Vivo Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Roberto De Santis ◽  
Flavia Iaculli ◽  
Vincenzo Lodato ◽  
Vito Gallicchio ◽  
Michele Simeone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Enhancement of the temperature of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution would increase its cleaning potential and decontamination of the root canal system. Therefore, the aim of the present in vitro investigation was to compare the efficacy of different methods of NaOCl heating by evaluating the temperature profiles developed at different levels of the root canal system. Methods: Five thermocouples were applied at different levels of the root canal system of extracted human premolars. NaOCl solution was heated according to two methods: extraoral heating (50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C) using a magnetic hotplate heater and intracanal heating by F-06, XF-30/04, and ML-12 pluggers at 100 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C. Results: The extraoral heating method was ineffective to produce a significant temperature increase at the root apex. Comparable results were obtained using the intracanal heating method through the ML-12 plugger that showed slightly better results only when set at 180 °C. On the other hand, negligible differences were observed in terms of temperature maintenance at several levels of the root between the F-06 and XF-30/04 pluggers, even though the time intervals were higher in case of XF-30/04. Conclusions: The intracanal heating method provided a better temperature persistence in the middle third of the root canal system. Conversely, extraoral heating was ineffective to produce a significant temperature increase at the apex of the root. Comparable results were obtained even using the ML-12 plugger.

scholarly journals Pulp Stone—An Endodontic Challenge: Successful Retrieval of Exceptionally Long Pulp Stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm from the Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Patil ◽  
Lalita G Nanjannawar ◽  
Girish S Nanjannawar ◽  
Hemanth Vagarali ◽  
Bharath Prathasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Successful Retrieval ◽  
Pulp Stones

ABSTRACT Pulp stones are nodular, calcified masses commonly appearing in the coronal pulp and occasionally extending in radicular pulp. Retrieval of pulp stones remains a challenge for the endodontist as complete cleaning and shaping of root canal system is the bases for successful endodontic therapy. The aim of this case report is to show the retrieval of long pulp stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm by utilizing synergistic effect of ultrasonics and sodium hypochlorite from the palatal roots of maxillary molars. Such case has not been reported in the literature so far. How to cite this article Nanjannawar GS, Vagarali H, Nanjannawar LG, Prathasarathy B, Patil A, Bhandi S. Pulp Stone—An Endodontic Challenge: Successful Retrieval of Exceptionally Long Pulp Stones measuring 14 and 9.5 mm from the Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):719-722.

scholarly journals Endodontic Disinfection for Orthograde Root Canal Treatment in Veterinary Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Laura Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Necrotic Debris

Pulp debridement and disinfection in the pulp cavity is a critical step in achieving a successful root canal therapy. Microorganisms remaining in the root canal system after endodontic treatment are a main cause of root canal failure. The challenges faced in endodontic disinfection include the complex anatomy of the root canal system, the existence of a biofilm within the root canal, and the creation of a problematic smear layer during instrumentation of the canal. Historically, sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid have been utilized as irrigants and still remain as the most effective disinfectants due to their synergistic abilities to eradicate microorganisms, dissolve necrotic debris, and remove the smear layer and biofilm. This article addresses challenges in endodontic disinfection, objectives of endodontic irrigants, properties of an ideal irrigant, currently used irrigants, and irrigant delivery systems utilized in veterinary dentistry.

scholarly journals Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de compuestos fenólicos sulfonados en cavidad oral. Revisión sistemática./ Antimicrobial activity of sulfonated phenolics components in the root canal system. Systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Karen Abud Blanco ◽  
Loren Bustos Blanco ◽  
Eduardo Covo Morales ◽  
Luis Carlos Fang Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Root Canal System

Los microorganismos son el primer factor etiológico de la enfermedad pulpar y periapical, por lo tanto si estos persisten en los túbulos dentinarios y  no se eliminan por completo pueden reinfectar el canal radicular y conllevar al fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico realizado. Las soluciones irrigantes son las encargadas de disolver los restos de tejido pulpar así como la destrucción bacteriana. En la actualidad a los Compuestos Fenólicos Sulfonados (CFS) se les atribuye una amplia gama de aplicaciones en el campo odontológico. Es por esto que el objetivo del presente trabajo  consistió en revisar de la literatura relacionada a la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de Compuestos fenólicos Sulfonados sobre bacterias del conducto radicular. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos PubMed. De la búsqueda realizada no se encontraron resultados relacionados al objetivo propuesto; sin embargo, se discutieron cuatro artículos relacionados a los CFS. A partir de lo observado, se sugieren realizar estudios in  vitro e in vivo que sustenten el empleo de dichos compuestos en la práctica endodóntica.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Irrigation Delivery Systems on Enterococcus faecalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raksha Bhat ◽  
◽  
Preethesh Shetty ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Group I ◽  
Root Canal System

Attaining a sterile root canal system is important since microorganisms can cause persistent inflammation in the periradicular tissues. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of two irrigation delivery systems; the EndoVac and semiconductor diode laser irradiation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. Methods: Fifty teeth were disinfected according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations. The teeth were then instrumented, followed by inoculation with bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). The teeth were randomly assigned to five groups, Group I: Control group; Group II: Teeth irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl + Endovac; Group III: Teeth irrigated with 2% Chlorhexidine + Endovac; Group IV: Teeth irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl + laser irradiation; and Group V: Teeth irrigated with 2% Chlorhexidine laser irradiation. All samples were incubated on Muller–Hilton media plates for a period of 24 h. We determined the colony-forming units and analyzed them statistically using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Laser irradiation completely disinfected the root canal system. The EndoVac system produced significant disinfection but was comparatively less effective than laser irradiation. Conclusion: Laser irradiation had a significantly greater bactericidal effect than the EndoVac system, used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Kaiwar ◽  
Gururaj Nadig ◽  
Jayashree Hegde ◽  
S Lekha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Endodontic Sealers

ABSTRACT Microorganisms invading the root canal system of a tooth may interact with the host tissue and cause pulpo-periapical pathosis. The goals of root canal treatment are to disinfect the root canal system and to prevent subsequent reinfection. The disinfection is attempted with endodontic instruments, irrigants, and medications. Due to the complex canal anatomy, microorganisms can persist even after thorough disinfection regimens are used. After disinfection, the canal is sealed with a root filling material along with sealers. To curtail residual microorganisms, root-filling materials should ideally be bactericidal, as well as biocompatible. In addition, the root filling materials are expected to act as a physical barrier to prevent the leakage of substrate to any residual microorganisms and the ingress of additional microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of various Endodontic sealers on the Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis is a microorganism commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections. In the changing face of dental care, continued research on E. faecalis and its elimination from the dental apparatus may well define the future of the endodontic specialty. How to cite this article Kaiwar A, Nadig G, Hegde J, Lekha S. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(1):26-31.

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