scholarly journals Follow-up monitoring in a cat with leishmaniosis and coinfections with Hepatozoon felis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691774045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Attipa ◽  
Kyriaki Neofytou ◽  
Christos Yiapanis ◽  
Pamela Martínez-Orellana ◽  
Gad Baneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Treatment Cessation ◽  
Hepatozoon Felis ◽  
Skin Nodules ◽  
Granulomatous Dermatitis ◽  
Hepatozoon Species ◽  
Antibody Levels

Case summary A 6-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat from Cyprus was presented with multiple ulcerated skin nodules. Cytology and histopathology of the lesions revealed granulomatous dermatitis with intracytoplasmic organisms, consistent with amastigotes of Leishmania species. Biochemistry identified a mild hyperproteinaemia. Blood extraction and PCR detected Leishmania species, Hepatozoon species and ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ (CMhm) DNA. Subsequent sequencing identified Hepatozoon felis. Additionally, the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 1 locus of Leishmania infantum was partially sequenced and phylogeny showed it to cluster with species derived from dogs in Italy and Uzbekistan, and a human in France. Allopurinol treatment was administered for 6 months. Clinical signs resolved in the second month of treatment with no deterioration 8 months post-treatment cessation. Quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to monitor L infantum blood DNA and antibody levels. The cat had high L infantum DNA levels pretreatment that gradually declined during treatment but increased 8 months post-treatment cessation. Similarly, ELISA revealed high levels of antibodies pretreatment, which gradually declined during treatment and increased slightly 8 months post-treatment cessation. The cat remained PCR positive for CMhm and Hepatozoon species throughout the study. There was no clinical evidence of relapse 24 months post-treatment. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first clinical report of a cat with leishmaniosis with H felis and CMhm coinfections. The high L infantum DNA levels post-treatment cessation might indicate that although the lesions had resolved, prolonged or an alternative treatment could have been considered.

scholarly journals Early adolescent Depo-Provera exposure increases stillbirths in adult sooty mangabeys

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-505
Author(s):  
Maurand Cappelletti ◽  
Kelly Ethun ◽  
Tracy Meeker ◽  
Gretchen Von Scherr ◽  
Kim Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sooty Mangabey ◽  
Treatment Cessation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sooty Mangabeys ◽  
Depo Provera ◽  
Cercocebus Atys ◽  
Treatment Onset

The 3-month injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; Depo-Provera) is a synthetic progestin that protects against pregnancy by suppressing ovulation. Studies have focused on the resumption of ovulation after MPA-treatment cessation but neglected potential long-term effects of MPA exposure on future successful reproduction. MPA is frequently administered to adolescent girls; however, long-term fertility effects of adolescent MPA exposure have not been explored. We investigated fertility after extended MPA exposure in a species of old world primate, the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys). Female sooty mangabeys (n=31) received chronic MPA-treatment for 4–8 years. At MPA-treatment onset, subjects were either parous adults (n=14) or nulliparous adolescents (n=17), with adolescent-treated subjects being further divided into those who had reached first ovulation (n=10) and those who had not (n=7). After MPA-treatment cessation, adolescent-treated females had a significantly higher incidence of stillbirth than did age-matched and parity-matched controls, whereas adult-treated females did not differ from their matched controls. Females placed on MPA-treatment prior to first ovulation had a significantly higher incidence of stillbirth post-treatment than did females placed on MPA-treatment after first ovulation. Diabetic females had an increased incidence of stillbirth as compared to nondiabetic females; however, when controlling for diabetes, MPA exposure prior to first ovulation was still a significant positive predictor of stillbirth. These findings suggest that the post-treatment fertility effects of chronic MPA exposure vary with the developmental timing of treatment onset and raise concern about the use of MPA as a contraceptive for adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Leishmania spp. parasite isolation through inoculation of patient biopsy macerates in interferon gamma knockout mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Adriano Pelli de Oliveira ◽  
Alause da Silva Pires ◽  
Rosidete Pereira de Bastos ◽  
Glória Maria Collet de Araujo Lima ◽  
Sebastião Alves Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
New World ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Immunohistochemical Assay ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Isolation of Leishmania parasite and species identification are important for confirmation and to help define the epidemiology of the leishmaniasis. Mice are often used to isolate pathogens, but the most common mouse strains are resistant to infection with parasites from the Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus. In this study we tested the inoculation of interferon gamma knockout (IFNγ KO) mice with biopsy macerates from Leishmania-infected patients to increase the possibility of isolating parasites. Biopsies from twenty five patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis were taken and tested for the presence of parasites. Immunohistochemical assay (IHC) and conventional histopathology detected the parasite in 88% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Leishmania sp. were isolated in biopsy macerates from 52% of the patients by culture in Grace's insect medium, but 13% of isolates were lost due to contamination. Inoculation of macerates in IFNγ KO mice provides isolation of parasites in 31.8% of the biopsies. Most isolates belong to L. (Viannia) subgenus, as confirmed by PCR, except one that belongs to L. (Leishmania) subgenus. Our preliminary results support the use of IFNγ KO mice to improve the possibility to isolate New World Leishmania species.

scholarly journals Preliminary Toxicological Studies On 0, 0-diethyl, 0(2-isopropyl -6. Methyl - 4, Pyrimidinyl) Phosphorothioate (Diazinon) In Balami Sheep.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
P. A. Onyeyili ◽  
F. A. Ameh ◽  
B. S. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Toxicity studies of 0,0-diethyl-0-(2- isoprophyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate (DiazinonR) was carried out in the Balami breed of sheep. The agent was administered orally daily for one week at the rate of 20, 25 and 30mg/kg body weight to groups of sheep. The 30mg/kg dose produced transient clinical signs in the sheep. Diazinon inhibited plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activity. The intensity of the inhibition was more with 30mg/kg dose and occurred as from day 3 and lasted till the end of the investigation 7 days post treatment. Leucocytosis was also observed with the 30mg/kg dose. There was no observable effect of the chemical on the RBC, Hb, and PCV values in sheep at the dosages used.

scholarly journals Emergence of Babesia Conradae Infection in Coyote-hunting Greyhounds in Oklahoma, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Stayton ◽  
Megan Lineberry ◽  
Jennifer Thomas ◽  
Tina Bass ◽  
Kelly Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic Apicomplexan parasites that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. These pathogens are typically transmitted either by tick vectors or by direct blood-to-blood contact, and may cause life-threatening clinical disease such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure in canine hosts. While Babesia vogeli and Babesia gibsoni infections have both been reported in Oklahoma, reports of B. conradae infections have been limited to California. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from all dogs in four separate kennels in Oklahoma. DNA was extracted from each blood sample and a nested PCR was performed using general Apicomplexan primers for the partial 18S rRNA gene. PCR products were electrophoresed in agarose matrix and appropriately sized amplicons were sequenced. Sequences were compared to reference 18S rRNA sequences available in GenBank, and samples with >98% homology to B. conradae (GenBank MK256976) were considered positive. B. conradae positive dogs were then treated with atovaquone (13.5 mg/kg TID) and azithromycin (10 mg/kg SID) for 10 days and retested at 30 and 60 days post treatment by PCR. Results: Fifteen of 40 dogs tested positive for B. conradae with 98–100% sequence homology to B. conradae from California. All positive cases were coyote-hunting Greyhounds. Treatment of clinically ill dogs with atovaquone and azithromycin resulted in complete clinical recovery in clinically ill dogs and all treated dogs had negative follow-up PCR at 30 and 60 days post treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, this study (i) documents the occurrence of B. conradae in Oklahoma, (ii) highlights this pathogen as a differential to be considered when clinical signs are present, and (iii) supports the use of atovaquone and azithromycin as effective treatment in these cases.

scholarly journals Autoimmune thyroiditis: clinical presentation in a Nepalese population

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
K Paudel ◽  
B Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Cold Intolerance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Pedal Edema ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Hypothyroidism has a wide range of clinical presentations. This study was conducted to describe the clinical manifestations of chronic Hashimoto`s thyroiditis (HT) in a Nepalese population. We also tried to identify symptoms or signs characteristic for HT. Methods: During the study period, all newly diagnosed patients with hypothyroidism were interviewed about symptoms, and clinical signs were assessed. The data of hypothyroid patients were divided in two groups: TPO antibody positive and TPO antibody negative. The symptoms and signs of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: Among the 88 hypothyroid patients, 33 (37.5%) had positive TPO antibody levels. Female patients were more likely to be TPO antibody positive (41.3% among female and 15.4% among male). The most frequent symptoms were lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, tingling sensation and weight gain, and the most frequent signs were facial puffiness and non-pitting pedal edema, in both groups. Statistical analysis revealed, that cold intolerance, decreased appetite and insomnia were significantly more prevalent symptoms in the TPO antibody positive group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hashimoto`s thyroiditis is a common cause of primary hypothyroidism. It is not possible to differentiate it from the clinical presentation. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 68-71 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10362

scholarly journals LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN DOGS EXAMINED AT THE CENTER FOR ZOONOSIS CONTROL IN CAMPO GRANDE – MS, BRAZIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Elaine Silva ◽  
Elisângela Pereira ◽  
Tayra Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mato Grosso

Visceral leishmaniasis is a type of zoonosis caused by several Leishmania species endemic to tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climate regions. Dogs are the primary source of infection in urban areas and can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. This study focused on the observation of clinical signs of leishmaniasis in dogs in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Samples from affected animals were analyzed using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine the optimal diagnostic tool for use on animals that present clinical symptoms. A predominance of clinical symptoms affecting the integumentary system was observed, and splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were the most important pathological signs. Among the diagnostic tests, the greatest agreement was seen between ELISA and IFA, followed by ELISA and PCR, and finally IFA and PCR. PCR diagnostic results showed the greatest extent of correlation with clinical signs, followed by ELISA and then IFA. When choosing a diagnostic method, veterinarians should consider the clinical signs and health status of the patient.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Gene for the Type I Interferon Inhibitor I329L from the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus OURT88/3 Strain Reduces Protection Induced in Pigs

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Reis ◽  
Lynnette C. Goatley ◽  
Tamara Jabbar ◽  
Elisabeth Lopez ◽  
Anusyah Rathakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Levels

Live attenuated vaccines are considered to be the fastest route to the development of a safe and efficacious African swine fever (ASF) vaccine. Infection with the naturally attenuated OURT88/3 strain induces protection against challenge with virulent isolates from the same or closely related genotypes. However, adverse clinical signs following immunisation have been observed. Here, we attempted to increase the OURT88/3 safety profile by deleting I329L, a gene previously shown to inhibit the host innate immune response. The resulting virus, OURT88/3ΔI329L, was tested in vitro to evaluate the replication and expression of type I interferon (IFN) and in vivo by immunisation and lethal challenge experiments in pigs. No differences were observed regarding replication; however, increased amounts of both IFN-β and IFN-α were observed in macrophages infected with the deletion mutant virus. Unexpectedly, the deletion of I329L markedly reduced protection against challenge with the virulent OURT88/1 isolate. This was associated with a decrease in both antibody levels against VP72 and the number of IFN-γ-producing cells in the blood of non-protected animals. Furthermore, a significant increase in IL-10 levels in serum was observed in pigs immunised with OURT88/3ΔI329L following challenge. Interestingly, the deletion of the I329L gene failed to attenuate the virulent Georgia/2007 isolate.

scholarly journals Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a Novel Mycobacterium Species Related toMycobacterium triplex

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4639-4646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Herbst ◽  
Sylvia F. Costa ◽  
Louis M. Weiss ◽  
Linda K. Johnson ◽  
John Bartell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mycobacterium Species ◽  
Skin Nodules ◽  
Granulomatous Dermatitis ◽  
Axial Musculature ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT An outbreak of granulomatous dermatitis was investigated in a captive population of moray eels. The affected eels had florid skin nodules concentrated around the head and trunk. Histopathological examination revealed extensive granulomatous inflammation within the dermis and subcutaneous fascial plane between the fat and axial musculature. Acid-fast rods were detected within the smallest lesions, which were presumably the ones that had developed earliest. Eventually, after several months of incubation at room temperature, a very slowly growing acid-fast organism was isolated. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified it as a Mycobacterium species closely related (0.59% divergence) to M. triplex, an SAV mycobacterium. Intradermal inoculation of healthy green moray eels with this organism reliably reproduced the lesion. Experimentally induced granulomatous dermatitis appeared within 2 weeks of inoculation and slowly but progressively expanded during the 2 months of the experiment. Live organisms were recovered from these lesions at all time points, fulfilling Koch's postulates for this bacterium. In a retrospective study of tissues collected between 1993 and 1999 from five spontaneous disease cases, acid-fast rods were consistently found within lesions, and a nested PCR for the rRNA gene also demonstrated the presence of mycobacteria within affected tissues.

Hiatal Hernia in the Dog: A Clinical Report of Four Chinese Shar Peis

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent P. Guiot ◽  
Jennifer L. Lansdowne ◽  
Pierre Rouppert ◽  
Bryden J. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Barium Esophagram

Four Chinese shar pei littermate puppies were presented for vomiting, regurgitation, hypersalivation, and poor growth. Diagnosis of hiatal hernia was made for each of the four dogs based on survey radiographs and barium esophagram studies. All dogs initially underwent medical therapy, to which only one dog responded. All dogs underwent surgical treatment, which included manual hernia reduction followed by phrenoplasty, esophagopexy, and left incisional gastropexy, 5 to 40 days following initiation of medical therapy. The three surgical techniques described eliminated the need to enter the pleural cavity and offered excellent long-term results with no recurrence of clinical signs following surgery.

scholarly journals An Atypical Case of Partial Displacement and Wash-out of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Sealer in Endodontic Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Milton Carlos Kuga ◽  
Flávia Angélica Guiotti ◽  
Andrea Abi Rached Dantas ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Endodontic Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Control ◽  
Retrograde Filling ◽  
Partial Displacement

ABSTRACT This clinical report described an atypical case where the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealer added with 20% calcium hydroxyde was used for retrograde filling. The patient was subjected to endodontic surgery to remove persistent apical lesion. After the apicoetomy and apical cavity preparation using an ultrasonic device, MTA-based sealer (MTA Fillapex) added with 20% calcium hydroxide (w/w) was used for retrograde filling. After 48 hours, the radiographic analysis showed partial displacement and wash-out of sealer. The case was only clinically controlled and no surgery was performed. After 10 months, the postoperative control showed reduction of periapical radiolucent image and absence of symptoms, radiographic and clinical signs, presented bone periradicular repair showing partial absence of the sealer in cavity retrograde. How to cite this article Guiotti FA, Kuga MC, Magro MG, Venção AC, Tonetto MR, Jordão-Basso KCF, Bandeca MC, Dantas AAR. An Atypical Case of Partial Displacement and Wash-out of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Sealer in Endodontic Surgery. World J Dent 2015;6(2):108-111.

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