Private tutoring, students’ cognitive ability and school engagement, and the formal schooling context: Evidence from middle school students in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-298
Author(s):  
Yueyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Student Development ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Private Tutoring ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Effects

This study examines the effects of participation in private tutoring on Chinese students’ cognitive ability and school engagement, and further investigates the role of the formal schooling context in moderating these effects. Utilizing a nationally representative data set of Chinese middle school students and the method of propensity score matching, I find that participation in private tutoring significantly boosts students’ cognitive ability and school engagement. Moreover, multilevel models are employed to demonstrate that the observed positive effects of receiving private tutoring vary across schools. Specifically, these effects are more significant for students in low-quality schools and tend to decrease for students in higher-quality schools. This study thus calls for a systematic examination of the private tutoring effects on various dimensions of student development as well as the contextual influence of formal schools while discussing the implications of private tutoring for educational inequality in contemporary China.

Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Middle School Students: Invariance Properties Related to Gender and Ethnicity

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110625
Author(s):  
Paul S. Strand ◽  
Brian F. French ◽  
Bruce W. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Native American ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Factor ◽  
School Students

The middle school version of the Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students (msWARNS) is a self-report instrument designed for use by school personnel to identify barriers to school attendance and school success for sixth- to eighth-grade students. It measures six domains relevant to improving school outcomes that include aggression-defiance, depression-anxiety, substance use, peer deviance, home environment, and school engagement. In the present study, a bifactor S − 1 model, for which the aggression-defiance domain was the reference factor for the general factor and the other domains constituted the subfactors, had good fit and better fit than several other alternative models. Results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed invariance across different groups defined by gender and race/ethnicity (Native American, African American, Hispanic, and White), with a sample of referred middle school students ( N = 2,356; ages 10–15 years). Reliability analyses support the use of the general factor to guide decision-making, the reliable use of the depression-anxiety factor for providing additional insights, and the remaining factors for guiding communication, as part of an assessment and intervention program for middle school students.

scholarly journals Does preschool attendance affect the urban-rural cognition gap among middle school students? Evidence from China Education Panel Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Qiuyi Weng ◽  
Xin Gong
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Preschool Attendance ◽  
Urban Rural

AbstractCognitive abilities have a great impact on individuals’ socioeconomic status. Among the factors that affect cognitive ability, early childhood development and preschool education are vital. However, evidence on the effect of preschool attendance on the urban-rural cognition gap from large-scale samples is almost nonexistent. Based on a nationally representative dataset from the China Education Panel Survey, this study fills this gap by presenting evidence of a significant cognition gap between urban and rural middle school students. We find a consistent positive relationship between preschool attendance and cognitive ability in grade 7 and grade 9 based on ordinary least squares and propensity score matching estimations. Results based on a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition suggest that the differences between urban and rural students in preschool education account for 28% to 44% of the between-group cognition gap. We also simulate the effects of policy interventions meant to develop preschool education on the narrowing of the urban-rural cognition gap.

Examining School Engagement and Self-Concept by Grade Level Among at-Risk Middle School Students

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Henderson ◽  
Jennie Park-Taylor ◽  
Griselle Baret ◽  
Chana B. Krupka ◽  
Mikaela Pitcan
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
School Students

Prospects for the introduction of a variable module "cycling" in the curriculum of physical culture for middle school students

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Stepan Heitsi ◽  
Yulia Tkach ◽  
Khrystyna Khimenes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Comparison Results

Introduction. Modern schoolchildren are characterized by relatively low levels of health, physical development and fitness. In addition, they have insufficient motivation for physical education and sports classes, in particular within the school. In the last decade, the processes of reforming the educational system have intensified, in particular with regard to school physical education. Today, physical education programs are based on so-called variable modules, which allows students to offer means and methods of various sports and physical activity that could interest them. The purpose of the study. To identify opportunities for the introduction of a variable module "cycling" in the physical education curriculum for middle school students. Material and methods. The study was theoretical and review in nature. Information from modern sources of literature on the system of physical education in Ukraine and abroad was taken into account. It were observed the presence of kinds and components of cycling in physical education programs within school education and its possible positive effects on young students. Methods: data analysis and generalization, historical method, system approach, comparison. Results. Quite a large number of modern scientific papers are devoted to improving the system of physical education within the school. Significant attention is paid to the need of correction the program providing for physical education classes, in particular for middle school students. It was revealed the necessity to update and correct the physical education program for middle school students in the direction of including new, modern and interesting for children kinds of physical activity that would promote their physical development, health and form important society skills. There was also detected the positive impact of cycling on the child's body from both physical and psychosocial sideі and the feasibility of including certain elements of cycling (trail, BMX, artistic and figure cycling, cycling, etc.) in the physical education curriculum of middle school students.

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