scholarly journals Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Pure Tone Audiometry for Screening in Primary Health Care Clinics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 215013271880315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Louw ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel ◽  
Robert H Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health

Objective: To evaluate the performance of self-reported hearing loss alone and in combination with pure tone audiometry screening in primary health care clinics in South Africa. Design: Nonprobability purposive sampling was used at 2 primary health care clinics. A total of 1084 participants (mean age 41.2 years; SD 15.5 years; range 16-97 years, 74.0% female) were screened using self-report and audiometry screening. Those failing audiometric screening and a sample of those who passed audiometric screening were also assessed by diagnostic pure time audiometry, to confirm or negate the finding of a hearing loss. Results: Four hundred and thirty-six participants (40.2%) self-reported a hearing loss with no significant association with gender or race. One hundred and thirty-six participant (12.5%) self-reported hearing loss and failed audiometry screening (35 dB HL at 1, 2, and 4 kHz). Combining self-report with a second stage audiometry screening revealed a high test accuracy (81.0%) for hearing loss, being most accurate (86.1%) to identify high-frequency hearing loss. Conclusion: While self-report of hearing loss is an easy and time-efficient screening method to use at primary health care clinics, its accuracy may be limited when used in isolation and it may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect hearing loss. Combining a simple audiometry screening as a second-stage screen can significantly improve overall performance and efficiency of the screening protocol.

The Extent and Nature of Depressive Phenomena in Primary Health Care

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Sen ◽  
Paul Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The City ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

The extent and factor structure of depressive phenomena were investigated in three primary health care clinics in the city of Calcutta. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Screening for Depression Questionnaire were used as the first-stage instruments, and the Clinical Interview Schedule and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression as the second-stage instruments. The implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing loss at primary health care clinics in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Louw ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel ◽  
Robert H Eikelboom ◽  
Jannie Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of a brief self-report Type: A questionnaire for use in primary health care

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Karlberg ◽  
Ingvar Krakau ◽  
Per-Olow Sjödén ◽  
Anna-Lena Undén
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Type A ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Primary Health

scholarly journals Assessment of the English literacy level of patients in primary health care services in Tshwane, Gauteng province: Part 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelda Wasserman ◽  
Susanna C.D. Wright ◽  
Todd M. Maja
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
English Literacy

Low literacy can be described as the inability to read, write or use numbers effectively. The limited ability to read and understand health care instructions directly translates into poor health outcomes.The aim of this study was to assess the English literacy levels of primary health care patients using the Learning Ability Battery (LAB) and the adapted Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy, Revised(REALM-R) and to determine how the results of the adapted REALM-R correlate with those of the LAB. Data were collected by means of a self-report whereby the participants had to answer the questions that were posed in the LAB and read the words out loud for the adapted REALM-R.The data analysis was performed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics, including the chi-square test and Spearman’s rho.The result of the study indicated that in South Africa, school grades achieved and the reading levels of primary health care patients differ with four grades.In terms of the correlation between the results of the adapted REALM-R and those of the LAB, a correlation of r = 0.43 (p < 0.001) could be established. Depending on the cut-off point used for the adapted REALM-R, 67% of the participants had low literacy levels. The study provides evidence of the importance of a validated, quick and easy-to-administer literacy screening tool. The effective assessment of patients’ literacy levels will assist registered professional nurses to provide health education on an appropriate level to improve patients’ health literacy. OpsommingLae geletterdheidsvlakke kan beskryf word as ’n persoon se onvermoë om doeltreffend te lees, te skryf of syfers te gebruik. Die beperkte vermoë om te lees en gesondheidsorgvoorskrifte te verstaan,gee direk tot swak gesondheidsuitkomste aanleiding. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die Engelse geletterdheidsvlakke van primêregesondheidsorg-pasiënte deur middel van twee instrumente,naamlik die Learning Ability Battery (LAB) en die aangepasde Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy, Revised(REALM-R) te assesseer. Daar is voorts ook bepaal hoe die resultate van die aangepaste REALM-R met die LAB korreleer. Data is deur self-rapportering ingesamel, waar die deelnemers vrae uit die LAB-instrument moes beantwoord en spesifieke woorde vir die aangepaste REALM-R hardop te lees. Die data is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van beskrywende en inferensiële statistiek, met inbegrip van ’n chikwadraat-toets en Spearman se rho. Die resultate dui daarop dat die skoolgraad bereik en die leesgeletterdheid van die deelnemers in Suid-Afrika met vier grade verskil. Die korrelasie tussen die resultate van die LAB en die aangepaste REALM-R was r = 0.43 (p < 0.001).Na gelang van die afsnypunt wat vir die aangepaste REALM-R gebruik word, dui die resultate daarop dat 67% van die deelnemers lae geletterdheidsvlakke het. Die studie toon die belang van ’n geldige, vinnige instrument vir geletterdheidsifting. Die doeltreffende assessering van pasiënte se geletterdheidsvlakke kan geregistreerde verpleegkundiges help om gesondheidsonderrig op ’n toepaslike vlak aan te bied ten einde pasiënte se gesondheidsgeletterdheid te verbeter.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial prescribing patterns in a group of private primary health care clinics in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah L Katende-Kyenda ◽  
Martie S Lubbe ◽  
Jan HP Serfontein ◽  
Ilse Truter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health

The aim of this study was to investigate the prescribing of antimicrobials in private primary health care in South Africa. ABSTRAK Die doel met hierdie studie was om die voorskryfpatrone van antimikrobiese middels in private primêre gesondheidsorginrigtings in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek.

High-risk alcohol use and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors in patients with HIV infection in three primary health care clinics in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Huis in ‘t Veld ◽  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Robert Colebunders ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health

Alcohol use may have a negative impact on the course of HIV disease and the effectiveness of its treatment. We studied patients with HIV who use alcohol and associated socio-demographic, health and psychosocial factors. Outcomes from this study may help in selecting patients from clinical practice with high-risk alcohol use and who are likely to benefit most from alcohol reduction interventions. In a cross sectional study in three primary health care clinics in Pretoria, South Africa, from January 2012 to June 2012, patients with HIV infection were interviewed and patients’ medical files were reviewed to obtain data on levels of alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, HIV-related information, health related quality of life (WHOQoL-HIVBref), internalized AIDS stigma, symptoms of depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, bi- and multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 2230 patients (1483 [66.5%] female) were included. The median age was 37 years (interquartile range 31–43), 99.5% were black Africans, 1975 (88.6%) had started ART and the median time on ART was 22 months (interquartile range 9–40). No alcohol was used by 64% of patients, 8.9% were low risk drinkers, 25.1% of patients were hazardous or harmful drinkers and 2.0% had possible alcohol dependence. In multivariate analysis high-risk drinking was positively associated with male gender, never being married, tobacco use, a higher score for the ‘level of independence’-domain measured with the WHOQoL-HIVBref questionnaire, and with more depressive symptoms compared to low-risk drinking. This study shows a high prevalence of hazardous or harmful drinking in patients with HIV infection (especially men) attending primary health care clinics in South Africa. Routine screening for alcohol use should be introduced in these clinics and harm reduction interventions should be evaluated, taking into account associated factors.

scholarly journals The prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Koetaan ◽  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Anke Liebenberg ◽  
Marietjie Brits ◽  
Christos Halkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Free State ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of

Background: The Constitution of South Africa stipulates that all children have the right to basic nutrition; however, a great number of South African children are underweight for age. It is important to address malnutrition as it is associated with more than 50% of all child deathsin developing countries and also increases the risk for infective diseases.Aim: To determine the prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State, and determine the possible underlying causes thereof.Setting: Six preselected primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical information and anthropometric measurements were collected from the children’s Road-to-Health clinic cards,obtained from the children’s caregivers.Results: In total, 240 children were included, of which 51.7% were girls. The median age was 7.5 months. The weight-for-age graph revealed that 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 4.8%;11.9%) of children were underweight or severely underweight for age. Length-for-age and weight-for-height graphs were mostly incomplete. Underweight children differed from normal weight children regarding birth weight (low birth weight 70.6% vs. 12.4%) and history of malnutrition (60.0% vs. 7.1%).Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight in children aged 0–5 years attending primary health care clinics in Mangaung is 7.7% based on information available from Road-to-Healthcards. This figure could be higher if these cards were filled in more accurately. A low birth weight and history of malnutrition are associated with underweight.

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