scholarly journals How Common Is the East African Community’s Common External Tariff Really? The Influence of Interest Groups on the EAC’s Tariff Negotiations

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401774823
Author(s):  
Tobias Bünder
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
East African ◽  
Common External Tariff

scholarly journals Documenting Refugee Stories: Resettlement and Integration Challenges of East African Refugees

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nimo Bokore
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
East African ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Forced Migrations ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
And Migration

<p>Recently we have witnessed forced displacement and migration on a globalized scale and the human suffering that this creates. Since early 2014, events have escalated in Syria and other Middle Eastern countries as religious-based interest groups such as ISIS push to make territorial gains. One cannot escape media reports documenting the devastating impact this has as refugees try to reach safety, whether by crossing the Mediterranean Sea or European borders.</p><p>In this article, I present my personal experience of refugee life as a survivor of war and multiple forced migrations and as a professional service provider to immigrants and refugees who make Canada their new home. In many ways, my story is the story of other refugees who also encounter issues of race, religion and geopolitical locations as they migrate and resettle in a new country.</p>

Unmaking of a Customs Union: Regional (Dis)integration in the East African Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jakob Rauschendorfer ◽  
Anna Twum
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
East African ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Country Level ◽  
African Community ◽  
The Common

Abstract The Common External Tariff (CET) of the East African Community (EAC) customs union has long been considered the cornerstone of the most successful example of regional integration in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we assess the implementation of the EAC-CET using a novel dataset of country- and firm-level deviations from the common tariff regime constructed by digitizing information in gazettes published by the Secretariat of the EAC between 2009 and 2019. Employing these data, we present five patterns on EAC tariff policy: (i) increased usage of country-level deviations from the common tariff regime render the EAC-CET less and less ‘common’; (ii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda predominantly use unilateral deviations to increase external protection while Rwanda mostly decreases tariffs; (iii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda increase tariffs for the same classes of products, but target different industries; (iv) unilateral tariff reductions at the country level are mostly used to facilitate access to inputs; (v) data on firm-level exemptions suggest that private sector development in the EAC would benefit from lower tariffs on intermediate inputs. Our findings demonstrate an incipient but clear trend in the EAC away from a communal tariff regime and towards national and more protectionist trade policies.

What does the Data Tell Us About Dominatarian Theory of Regional Integration?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097359842110005
Author(s):  
Francis Onditi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
East African ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Asymmetric Power ◽  
African Community

This article contests that the classical regional integration theoretical frameworks are too broad to bring out conceptual clarity and explain the emerging interstate tensions. The paper identifies two specific indicators that together can explain the dynamics: economic domination and institutional (interest groups) domination. It evaluates the applicability of the Onditi’s dominatarian theory by constructing an alternative thinking framework— regional trade dominance (RTD), to explain the dynamics of the regional integration based on trade data from the East African Community (EAC) Development Strategy, 2016–2021. The paper addresses this conceptual-policy lacuna by demonstrating how Kenya’s economic performance and institutional (interest groups) leverages have sustained its dominant interest, leading to interstate cynicism and mistrust. The persistent mistrust driven by the perceived asymmetric power balance among the EAC Partner States points to the importance of framing the debate in a way that constructs the outcome of the regional integration to accommodate both powerful states and those perceived weak. In this case, the RTD analytical framework, offers the option for constructing the outcome of a regional integration, either as a noun, dominance or as an act of domination.

Nairobi will press neighbours to finalise EU deal

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Crisis ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
East African ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Eu

Subject Implications if the EU and EAC fail to finalise a proposed trade deal. Significance Kenya is urging its East African Community (EAC) counterparts to resolve an impasse in signing an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU. The EPA was initialled by all parties in October 2014 and was due to be signed in July, but in the wake of 'Brexit', Tanzania and Uganda announced that they would not sign the EPA until further discussions and investigation had taken place. The countries have until October 1 to sign the agreement, otherwise existing trade deals with the EU will lapse. Impacts A collapse of the EPA process will weaken the EAC customs union, as member states will lack a common external tariff. Kenyan exporting firms could relocate to neighbouring states if access to EU markets is threatened. Without steps toward resolving Burundi's political crisis, the EU could withhold finalising any deal that affords benefits to Bujumbura.

scholarly journals Regional Opportunities in East Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-386
Author(s):  
Stephen Karingi ◽  
Ottavia Pesce ◽  
Lily Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Community Partner ◽  
East African ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
African Community ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Trade Competitiveness

Significant progress has been made by the East African Community partner states in implementing the East African Community customs union. Trade within the East African Community is now free from import duties, and partner states have adopted a three-band common external tariff. This chapter assesses how the customs union has supported intra-regional trade, competitiveness, and industrialization, in particular through the development of smokestack-free industries. It concludes that regional integration has provided a supportive environment for the development of competitive smokestack-free industries and exports, but significant opportunities still exist within the region. Recommendations are provided on what policy measures should be taken to harness these opportunities.

Scanning electron microscopy of the integument of schistosoma rodhaini

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
P. Evers ◽  
C. Schutte ◽  
C. D. Dettman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
East African ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Scanning Electron

S.rodhaini (Brumpt 1931) is a parasite of East African rodents which may possibly hybridize with the human schistosome S. mansoni. The adult male at maturity measures approximately 3mm long and possesses both oral and ventral suckers and a marked gynaecophoric canal. The oral sucker is surrounded by a ring of sensory receptors with a large number of inwardly-pointing spines set into deep sockets occupying the bulk of the ventral surface of the sucker. Numbers of scattered sensory receptors are found on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head (Fig. 1) together with two conspicuous rows of receptors situated symmetrically on each side of the midline. One row extends along the dorsal surface of the head midway between the dorsal midline and the lateral margin.

International Telesupervision: The Clinical Fellowship Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
David W. Rule ◽  
Lisa N. Kelchner
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
East African ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
National Certification

Telepractice technology allows greater access to speech-language pathology services around the world. These technologies extend beyond evaluation and treatment and are shown to be used effectively in clinical supervision including graduate students and clinical fellows. In fact, a clinical fellow from the United States completed the entire supervised clinical fellowship (CF) year internationally at a rural East African hospital, meeting all requirements for state and national certification by employing telesupervision technology. Thus, telesupervision has the potential to be successfully implemented to address a range of needs including supervisory shortages, health disparities worldwide, and access to services in rural areas where speech-language pathology services are not readily available. The telesupervision experience, potential advantages, implications, and possible limitations are discussed. A brief guide for clinical fellows pursuing telesupervision is also provided.

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