scholarly journals Identifying Stress Landscapes in Boston Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 216495611880305 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Garrett Conyersm ◽  
Helene M Langevin ◽  
Gary J Badger ◽  
Darshan H Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Health Problems ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Background Chronic stress plays a role in the development of health disparities. However, the relationship between neighborhood stressors and stress-related health problems and behaviors is unknown. In the city of Boston, Massachusetts, 3 neighborhoods, while within a 3 mile radius, have widely divergent life expectancies. This work aims to investigate and compare perceived neighborhood-level stressors, stress-related negative behaviors, and stress-related health problems in these neighborhoods. Methods Three hundred twenty-six participants were surveyed from the neighborhoods. Participants were asked to rate (1) 27 neighborhood stressors, (2) 16 stress-related negative behaviors, and (3) 13 stress-related health problems using a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. Differences in responses between neighborhoods were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 tests. Results The highest neighborhood stressors overall were related to finance, unequal treatment, and unsafe bike/pedestrian access. The highest stress-related health problems were related to substance abuse and obesity, and the largest stress-related behaviors were related to poor diet, intolerance, and aggressive driving. There were significant differences across neighborhoods ( P < .05) for 18 of the 27 neighborhood stressors, 8 of the 10 stress-related health problems, and 12 of the 15 stress-related behaviors. Conclusions There is marked contrast in stress landscapes between the 3 neighborhoods in Boston despite their geographical proximity. This finding potentially serves as an explanation for the drastic differences in health outcomes, even though these neighborhoods are equidistant from academic medical centers. Strategies for improving the health of individuals should incorporate the unique stressors at the neighborhood level. Further research is needed to investigate how specifically neighborhood stressors influence the health of residents, thereby informing what policy interventions might be useful.

Reconceptualizing the Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Hanoi: The End or the New of Public-Making?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Tung Tran ◽  
◽  
Tien-Hau Phan ◽  
Ngoc-Huyen Chu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Public spaces are designed and managed in many different ways. In Hanoi, after the Doi moi policy in 1986, the transfer of the public spaces creation at the neighborhood-level to the private sector has prospered na-ture of public and added a large amount of public space for the city, directly impacting on citizen's daily life, creating a new trend, new concept of public spaces. This article looks forward to understanding the public spaces-making and operating in KDTMs (Khu Do Thi Moi - new urban areas) in Hanoi to answer the question of whether ‘socialization’/privatization of these public spaces will put an end to the urban public or the new means of public-making trend. Based on the comparison and literature review of studies in the world on public spaces privatization with domestic studies to see the differences in the Vietnamese context leading to differences in definitions and roles and the concept of public spaces in KDTMs of Hanoi. Through adducing and analyzing practical cases, the article also mentions the trends, the issues, the ways and the technologies of public-making and public-spaces-making in KDTMs of Hanoi. Win/loss and the relationship of the three most important influential actors in this process (municipality, KDTM owners, inhabitants/citizens) is also considered to reconceptualize the public spaces of KDTMs in Hanoi.

scholarly journals 2384. The Relationship Between Rifaxamin Use and the Prevalence of Clostridiodes difficile and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S823-S823
Author(s):  
Francisco Alberto. De Jesus ◽  
Kristi Kuper ◽  
Alyzeh Haider ◽  
Joachim Sackey ◽  
Diana Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Academic Medical Centers ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Hospital Type ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Advanced Liver Disease ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Rifaximin (RFX) is a minimally absorbed antibiotic that achieves high concentrations after administration in the gut lumen. Previously, RFX showed activity against Clostridiodes difficile (C. difficile) recurrences post treatment with little overall impact on the normal fecal microbiota. Additional studies have found that while exposure to systemic antibiotics was associated with infection with multi drug-resistant organisms, such as VRE, exposure to only RFX was not. RFX has become widely used in hospitalized patients with advanced liver disease (ALD) who have refractory hepatic encephalopathy, but the impact of therapy on the occurrence of C. difficile and VRE is not well established. Methods ALD patients in the Vizient Clinical Database-Resource Manager (CDB-RM®) were identified based on ICD 10 and MS-DRG codes from January to December 2018. The data were further stratified based on receipt of RFX, documentation of C. difficile or VRE, and hospital type (academic medical centers, complex care medical centers or community hospitals). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare C. difficile rates while paired samples t-test was used to compare VRE. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate differences in RFX use by hospital type. Results A total of 527,534 cases from 419 acute care hospitals were included in the ALD cohort. The frequency of C. difficile occurrence in patients who received RFX was lower than those who did not receive RFX (3.8% vs 4.3%, respectively, P = 0.25), However, VRE frequency was significantly lower in those that received RFX (0.43 cases per 10,000 patient-days) vs. the overall ALD population (2.3 cases per 10,000 patient-days) (P < 0.05). Percentage of ALD cases receiving RFX in the academic medical centers, complex care medical centers and community hospitals was 11.94%, 4.87%, and 8.76%, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with ALD who received RFX had a significantly lower frequency of documented VRE. There was a trend in the reduction in documented C. difficile, but this did not reach statistical significance. Utilization of RFX varied significantly by institutional type. These results support further studies on the relationship between receipt of RFX and protective effects against C. difficile and VRE in patients with ALD. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Hospital Volume and Outcome in Bariatric Surgery at Academic Medical Centers

2004 ◽  
Vol CXXII (&NA;) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninh T. Nguyen ◽  
Mahbod Paya ◽  
C Melinda Stevens ◽  
Shahrzad Mavandadi ◽  
Kambiz Zainabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Hospital Volume ◽  
Academic Medical Centers ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals An Academic Medical Center’s Learners’ Perceptions of Health Disparities

PRiMER ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Balls-Berry ◽  
Eddie Greene ◽  
Jennifer McCormick ◽  
Onelis Quirindongo-Cedeno ◽  
Karen Weavers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups

Introduction: Lack of health equity ultimately leads to unequal treatment of diverse patients and contributes to the growing disparities seen in national health. Academic medical centers should consider providing health care providers and biomedical researchers training on how to identify and address health disparities. Methods: The authors led an introductory health disparities course for graduate students and research and clinical fellows at an academic medical center in the Midwest. We compared pre/postcourse assessments to determine changes in learners’ perceptions and knowledge of health disparities using an unpaired analysis to permit inclusion of responses provided only at baseline. Results: Sixty-two learners completed preassessment, with 56 completing the postassessment (90%). In the postcourse assessment, learners reported an increase in knowledge of disparities and had changes in their perceptions of health disparities linked to treatment of different patient groups based on demographic characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference in learners’ perceptions of how patients are treated based on gender identity (P=0.02) and sexual orientation (P=0.04). Conclusions: The results detail how an academic medical center can provide training on health disparities for diverse learners. This study underscores the influence of health disparities from the perspective of learners who conduct biomedical research and patient care. This course serves a model for introductory-level health disparities courses.

South Florida Survey on the Relationship Between Academic Medical Centers and Community Physicians

1999 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
LESLIE S. BAUMANN ◽  
FRANCISCO A. KERDEL ◽  
ANAROG AGRAWAL ◽  
ROBERT S. KIRSNER
Keyword(s):  
South Florida ◽  
Academic Medical Centers ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Walking and walkability: do built environment measures correspond with pedestrian activity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Humberto ◽  
Rodrigo Laboissière ◽  
Mariana Giannotti ◽  
Cláudio Luiz Marte ◽  
Daniel Agostini Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract After the emergence of the term “walkability” in the 1990’s, many metrics have been developed with the aim of evaluating the quality of the built environment for pedestrians. More recently, researchers have also sought an association of these metrics with pedestrian behavior: do better sidewalk conditions and their surroundings correspond with higher pedestrian activity? To study the association of the built environment with the share of pedestrian movements, two different indexes, one at the city level (macro) and one at the neighborhood level (micro), were proposed using georeferenced data from São Paulo (Brazil). Once the available built environment and transport-related data were incorporated in a linear regression model, the neighborhood-level index (micro) and the share of pedestrian movements presented a strong positive correlation (adjusted R2 = 0.797). In addition to the contributions to the relationship of walkability scores with data from developing countries, the discussions presented in this paper intend to provide insights into the territorial disparities in pedestrian mobility, mainly those related to socio-spatial segregation.

Wenn stadtpolitische Bewegungen das Terrain des Staats betreten

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Diesselhorst
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
City Government ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article discusses the struggles of urban social movements for a de-neoliberalisation of housing policies in Poulantzian terms as a “condensation of the relationship of forces”. Drawing on an empirical analysis of the “Berliner Mietenvolksentscheid” (Berlin rent referendum), which was partially successful in forcing the city government of Berlin to adopt a more progressive housing policy, the article argues that urban social movements have the capacity to challenge neoliberal housing regimes. However, the specific materiality of the state apparatus and its strategic selectivity both limit the scope of intervention for social movements aiming at empowerment and non-hierarchical decision-making.

Challenging the Terms of Order: Representations of the Detroit Rebellions, 1967–1968

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Camp
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Us History ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
John Clarke

While many analysts have commented on the representation of 1968 campus events and antiwar demonstrations, less attention has been paid to the global significance of the dramatic struggles in industrial Detroit during the period. The meanings of events in the city were intensely fought over. As Stuart Hall, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts observed, the events of 1968 were “an act of collective will, the breaks and ruptures stemming from the rapid expansion in the ideology, culture and civil structures of the new capitalism . . . in the form of a ‘crisis of authority.’” In Detroit the crisis of authority was expressed in the form of popular political struggles against racism, state violence, and the contradictions of life in the industrial capitalist city. This article asks and answers the following research questions about the struggle over the meaning of this decisive turning point in US history: What was the relationship between racial ordering, uneven capitalist development, and mass antiracist and class struggles? How did Black working-class organic intellectuals resist and alter hegemonic definitions of the situation? How are the dialectics of insurgency and counterinsurgency to be best theorized during this precise historical conjuncture? 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document