Trajectories of Smoking Among Emerging Adult Backpackers and Their Antecedents

2020 ◽  
pp. 216769682092518
Author(s):  
Osnat C. Melamed ◽  
Sophie D. Walsh ◽  
Ido Ziv ◽  
Shmuel Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
High Group

Public health reports document an increase in rates of smoking among emerging adults. This study examines environmental influences and temperament as predictors of this increase. One hundred ninety-nine emerging adults were followed from before embarking on a journey outside of Israel and on their return. Participants reported their levels of daily smoking (before, during, and after the journey), novelty seeking, harm avoidance, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographics. Overall, an increase in smoking levels was observed during the backpacking experience. Latent profile analysis showed three separate trajectories of smoking: stable low (70% of participants), experimental increasing (22%), and stable high (8%). In comparison with the stable low group, the experimental increasing group was characterized by higher levels of novelty seeking, while the stable high group was characterized by higher levels of depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the interplay between smoking, temperament, and a permissive environment to explain emerging adult smoking trajectories.

Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Trenette Clark Goings ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Gene H. Brody
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Contextual Risks ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19–21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent–child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19–21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk–childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals Latent Profile Analyses of Depressive Symptoms in Younger and Older Oncology Patients

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1383-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Saracino ◽  
Heining Cham ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
Christian J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Latent Profile

The aging of America will include a significant increase in the number of older patients with cancer, many of whom will experience significant depressive symptoms. Although geriatric depression is a well-studied construct, its symptom presentation in the context of cancer is less clear. Latent profile analysis was conducted on depressive symptoms in younger (40-64 years) and older (≥65 years) patients with cancer ( N = 636). The sample was clinically heterogeneous (i.e., included all stages, dominated by advanced stage disease). Participants completed questionnaires including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, which was used for the latent profile analysis. A four-class pattern was supported for each age group. However, the four-class pattern was significantly different between the younger and older groups in terms of the item means within each corresponding latent class; differences were primarily driven by severity such that across classes, older adults endorsed milder symptoms. An unexpected measurement issue was uncovered regarding reverse-coded items, suggesting that they may generate unreliable scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for a significant subset of patients. The results indicate that cancer clinicians can expect to see depressive symptoms along a continuum of severity for patients of any age, with less severe symptoms among older patients.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Emerging Adult Development: a Latent Profile Analysis of Community Drinkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1199
Author(s):  
Joyce Y. Zhu ◽  
Abby L. Goldstein ◽  
Sean P. Mackinnon ◽  
Sherry H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Latent Profile

scholarly journals Emerging Adults and Social Distancing During COVID-19: Who Was More Likely to Follow Guidelines and What Were the Correlates With Well-Being and Weight-Related Behaviors?

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110514
Author(s):  
Jerica M. Berge ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Distancing

The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence, predictors, and psychosocial well-being (depressive symptoms, stress) and weight-related behavior (eating behaviors, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) correlates of social distancing during COVID-19 among emerging adults. A rapid-response survey was sent to participants ( n=720; mean age=24.7 ± 2.0 years, 62% female) in a population-based cohort study in Minnesota during April–October 2020. Half of emerging adults reported fully social distancing. Emerging adults from White backgrounds were least likely to social distance while those from Asian backgrounds were most likely to social distance, in addition to those living with a parent. Females who partially/did not social distance reported less healthy eating behaviors, while males and “essential workers” reported higher levels of psychosocial distress. Public health messaging and practical supports for social distancing may need to be made more relevant to emerging adults during public health crises. Resources may need to differ depending on sex of emerging adult.

Stress generation theory in couples with depression: A latent profile analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2205-2228
Author(s):  
Preston Morgan ◽  
Richard Dell’lsola ◽  
Bornell Nicholson ◽  
Chelsea Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Generation Theory ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Instability ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
Latent Profile

Depressive symptoms and conflict negatively affect romantic relationships, but does this differ among couples? Using a stress generation theory framework, we aim to understand the types of profiles based on both partners’ responses of depressive symptoms and conflict. We used data from 1,598 German couples (different-sex) and conducted latent profile analyses in order to examine if there are different profiles of couples related to the male and female partners’ depressive symptoms and levels of conflict. We then examined if these profiles predicted relationship instability 1 year later. Our results revealed four profiles: congruent low conflict, incongruent female moderate conflict, incongruent male moderate conflict, and congruent moderate conflict. Both males and females in the congruent low and moderate conflict profiles showed agreement in their level of depressive symptoms and conflict, hence congruent. However, males and females differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and conflict in two incongruent profiles. For example, females in the incongruent female moderate conflict profile had higher levels of depressive symptoms and conflict than their partners. Prior depressive symptoms and conflict increased the odds of being in the incongruent female moderate conflict, incongruent male moderate conflict, and congruent moderate conflict profiles compared to the congruent low conflict profile. The congruent moderate conflict profile had the highest probability of relationship instability 1 year later. This study adds to our knowledge about the different profiles of couples with depressive symptoms and conflict as well as relationship instability.

Pathways linking adverse environments to emerging adults’ substance abuse and depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of rural African American men

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Steven M. Kogan ◽  
Dayoung Bae ◽  
Junhan Cho ◽  
Alicia K. Smith ◽  
Shota Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Developmental Risk ◽  
Relational Schemas ◽  
Developmental Risk Factors

Abstract For African American emerging adult men, developmental challenges are evident in their escalating substance abuse and depressive symptoms; this is particularly true for men from low-resource communities. The present study tests a developmental model linking childhood adversity and contemporaneous contextual stressors to increases in emerging adults’ substance use and depressive symptoms, indirectly, via increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas and social developmental risk factors (e.g., risky peers and romantic partners, lack of involvement in school or work). We also advance exploratory hypotheses regarding DNA methylation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) as a moderator of the effects of stress on relational schemas. Hypotheses were tested with three waves of data from 505 rural African American men aged 19–25 years. Adverse childhood experiences predicted exposure to emerging adult contextual stressors. Contextual stressors forecast increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas, which increased social developmental risk factors. Social developmental risk factors proximally predicted increases in substance abuse and depressive symptoms. OXTR DNA methylation moderated the effects of contextual stressors on defensive/hostile relational schemas. Findings suggest that early exposures to stress carry forward to affect the development of social developmental risk factors in emerging adulthood, which place rural African American men at risk for increased substance abuse and depressive symptoms during the emerging adult years.

Combination of Parent–Child Closeness and Parent Disapproval of Teen Sex Predicts Lower Rates of Sexual Risk for Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1834-1858
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Grossman ◽  
Anne C. Black ◽  
Amanda M. Richer
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Mothers And Fathers

Effective parenting processes during offspring’s adolescence can reduce sexual risk behavior for those offspring in emerging adulthood. Few studies consider how mothers’ and fathers’ parenting processes cluster together and predict emerging adults’ risky sexual behavior. In this study, we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify patterns of teens’ perceptions of their residential mothers’ and fathers’ closeness, disapproval of teen sex, monitoring/presence at home, and communication. Using data from waves one and three of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we identified four parenting classes: high disapproval/high closeness (54%), high disapproval/low closeness (7%), low disapproval/high closeness (15%), and moderate disapproval/high closeness (24%). Emerging adults within the high disapproval/high closeness class had lower rates of sexual risk behavior than other classes. These findings show benefits of authoritative parenting styles and suggest parenting processes should be considered in combination, rather than as independent predictors of risk outcomes.

Romantic Relationship Status and Emerging Adult Well-Being: Accounting for Romantic Relationship Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon J. Beckmeyer ◽  
Shannon Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Using Data

Using data from 744 unmarried emerging adults, we tested the associations between their romantic relationship status and well-being while accounting for single participants’ romantic relationship interest. Specifically, we compared the depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and loneliness of those who were (1) romantically involved, (2) single not/slightly interested in a romantic relationship, and (3) single very interested in a romantic relationship. The single very interested group reported greater depressive symptoms than those in the other two groups, who did not differ from each other. Emerging adults in the romantically involved group reported greater life satisfaction than both groups of single participants who did not differ from one another. Those in the romantically involved group reported less loneliness than both groups of single emerging adults, and the single not/slightly interested group reported less loneliness than the single very interested group. Results are discussed within the context of emerging adult romantic development.

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