Characterizing Typologies of Polytraumatization: A Replication and Extension Study Examining Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology in an Urban Population

A person-centered approach to examining trauma has uncovered typologies of polytraumatization that are differentially associated with psychopathology. However, previous research is limited by narrow conceptualizations of trauma, limited distal outcomes, and underrepresentation of racially marginalized groups. To address these gaps, we used latent profile analysis to uncover distinct polytraumatization typologies and examine four symptom-based (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, aggression, and substance abuse) and two behavior-based (self-harm, jail counts) outcomes in a sample of adults with low socioeconomic resources ( N = 7,426, 94% African American). The models were indicated by 19 traumatic experiences (e.g., accident, sexual assault, witnessing/experiencing violence). The best fitting model uncovered five classes: minimal trauma, physical abuse, violence exposure, sexual abuse, and polytrauma. Classes characterized by significant and varied trauma were higher on both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, whereas those characterized by specific types of trauma were higher on only one type of psychopathology. Implications for the assessment and treatment of trauma-related disorders are discussed.

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Psychiatric Symptoms and Substance Use Among Juvenile Offenders

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854807304624 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 1296-1312 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Michael G. Vaughn ◽

Stacey Freedenthal ◽

Jeffrey M. Jenson ◽

Matthew O. Howard

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Juvenile Justice System ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

High Rate ◽

Traumatic Experiences

The high rate of co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems among antisocial and delinquent youth is a widely recognized problem in the juvenile justice system. Yet few studies have delineated meaningful clinical distinctions in the characteristics of offenders with co-occurring problems. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of juvenile offenders based on clinically relevant measures of psychiatric symptoms (including past traumatic experiences), lifetime substance use, and drug- and alcohol-related problems stemming from the use of psychoactive substances in a statewide population ( n = 723). Findings revealed that a four-class solution fit the data optimally. The four classes identified represented a severity-based gradient of symptom and substance use endorsement ranging from a mild subgroup ( n = 195; 27.0%), to moderately low ( n = 250; 34.6%) and high ( n = 197; 27.2%) subgroups, and finally, a severely distressed subgroup ( n = 81; 11.2%). Implications for identifying and treating young offenders with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems are noted.

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Personality Types Revisited – a Literature-Informed and Data-Driven Approach to an Integration of Prototypical and Dimensional Constructs of Personality Description

10.31234/osf.io/c3qbe ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

André Kerber ◽

Marcus Roth ◽

Philipp Herzberg

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Personality Types ◽

Cluster Solution ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Data Driven Approach ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Personality Description

A new algorithmic approach to personality prototyping based on Big Five traits was applied to a large representative and longitudinal German dataset (N = 22,820) including behavior, personality and health correlates. We applied three different clustering techniques, latent profile analysis, the k-means method and spectral clustering algorithms. The resulting cluster centers, i.e. the personality prototypes, were evaluated using a large number of internal and external validity criteria including health, locus of control, self-esteem, impulsivity, risk-taking and wellbeing. The best-fitting prototypical personality profiles were labeled according to their Euclidean distances to averaged personality type profiles identified in a review of previous studies on personality types. This procedure yielded a five-cluster solution: resilient, overcontroller, undercontroller, reserved and vulnerable-resilient. Reliability and construct validity could be confirmed. We discuss wether personality types could comprise a bridge between personality and clinical psychology as well as between developmental psychology and resilience research.

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Personality types revisited–a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244849

Author(s):

André Kerber ◽

Marcus Roth ◽

Philipp Yorck Herzberg

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Personality Types ◽

Cluster Solution ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Data Driven Approach ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Personality Description

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Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in Spanish children aged 6-8: Results of a latent profile analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 617-623

Author(s):

Alexandra Morales ◽

Miriam Rodríguez-Menchón ◽

Samuel Tomczyk ◽

Iván Fernández-Martínez ◽

Mireia Orgilés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Externalizing Symptoms ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms ◽

Latent Profile

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Profiles of Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519877938 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051987793 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria M. Galano ◽

Andrew Grogan-Kaylor ◽

Hannah M. Clark ◽

Sara F. Stein ◽

Sandra A. Graham-Bermann

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Childhood Exposure ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Best Fitting

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a host of problems, including the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). PTSS include a wide range of unique symptomatology and as a result, clinical presentations of PTSS can vary in both distribution and overall number of symptoms. Work in child and adolescent samples has largely focused on factors predicting the total number of symptoms (i.e., symptom severity), with less work focused on both patterns of symptom number and distribution. Furthermore, few studies have examined how functional impairment varies in relation to PTSS presentation. The goal of the current study is to (a) document patterns of PTSS severity and distribution in children with histories of witnessing IPV, (b) examine the factors that predict different PTSS presentations, and (c) investigate how PTSS presentation is associated with functional impairment. Data for this study were drawn from a sample of 236 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years and their mothers who had experienced recent IPV. Families reported high levels of IPV in the past year, and children reported moderate levels of PTSS. A latent profile analysis of PTSS revealed that three profiles were the best-fitting model for the data. The three profiles were differentiated between low, moderate, and high levels of PTSS, and membership in the profiles varied by children’s age and trauma history. The results of this study give important information about the potential development of PTSS as well as clinically useful information about the relationship between children’s PTSS and their functioning following exposure to IPV.

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Examination of Latent Test Anxiety Profiles in a Sample of U.S. Adolescents

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v14n2p12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Patricia A. Lowe

Keyword(s):

Middle School ◽

Middle School Students ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

Grade Level ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

School Students ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Best Fitting ◽

And Gender

The present study examined latent test anxiety profiles in a sample of 592 U.S. adolescents in grades 6-12 using latent profile analysis (LPA). The adolescents were administered a multidimensional measure of test anxiety in their schools. The results of LPA indicated that a three-profile test anxiety model provided the best fitting model. The three latent test anxiety subgroups were named low, medium, and high test anxiety. In addition, grade-level and gender were added as covariates to the model and LPA was performed again. Grade-level and gender were found to differentially predict membership in the latent test anxiety subgroups, with females more likely to be in the high latent test anxiety subgroup than in the medium and low latent test anxiety subgroups and middle school students were more likely to be in the high latent test anxiety subgroup than in the low latent test anxiety subgroup. Middle school students were also more likely to be in the medium latent test anxiety subgroup than in the low latent test anxiety subgroup. Implications for the development of measures, treatment, and prevention of test anxiety in the U.S. adolescent population are discussed.

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Heterogeneity in Male Adolescents With Illegal Sexual Behavior: A Latent Profile Approach to Classification

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/1079063218784554 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 789-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan L. Everhart Newman ◽

Jessica L. Larsen ◽

Kelli Thompson ◽

Melissa Cyperski ◽

Barry R. Burkhart

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Minority Status ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Violent Recidivism ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Latent Profile

Current research has established that male adolescents with illegal sexual behavior (AISB) are a heterogeneous population. We aimed to explore this within-group heterogeneity to derive clinically relevant groups of AISB using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). We then compared these groups on selected covariates (age at intake, minority status, and child maltreatment history) and distal outcomes (general, nonviolent, violent, drug, and sexual recidivism 5 years after release) to identify any differences. The sample consisted of 698 male AISB (age = 11-20 years) referred to a secure juvenile facility for assessment and treatment. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using the clinical and personality scales of the MACI to identify AISB groups and examine group differences. Four unique AISB groups emerged: Anxious, Depressed/Anxious, Dysthymic/Disorganized, and Antisocial. Groups differed on age at intake and child maltreatment history, but not minority status. At 5-year follow up, groups differed in their rates of general, nonsexual, and violent recidivism but not in their rates of sexual or drug recidivism. Clinically relevant AISB groups can be identified using personality and psychopathology indicators from the MACI. Implications for the assessment and treatment of AISB, as well as directions for future research are discussed.

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Profiles of primary and secondary callous-unemotional features in youth: The role of emotion regulation

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579418001062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (04) ◽

pp. 1489-1500 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephanie G. Craig ◽

Marlene M. Moretti

Keyword(s):

Affect Regulation ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Affect Dysregulation ◽

Callous Unemotional ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Males And Females

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for multiple pathways in the development of callous-unemotional (CU) features, including primary and secondary profiles. Understanding affect regulation strategies among variants may provide further insight to the development and treatment of CU features. This study evaluated whether profiles of CU features could be identified within a clinical sample of youth using measures of affect dysregulation, affect suppression, anxiety, and maltreatment. We also examined whether these profiles were consistent across gender. Participants (N= 418; 56.7% female) ranged in age from 12 to 19 years (M= 15.04,SD= 1.85) and were drawn from a clinical sample. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using five indicators, including affect regulation, suppression, anxiety, CU features, and maltreatment. The best fitting model, a four-profile solution, included a low (low CU/dysregulation), anxious (low CU/high dysregulation), primary CU (high CU/low dysregulation), and secondary CU profile (high CU/dysregulation/maltreatment). LPAs found the same four-profile model when conducted separately for males and females. This is the first study to examine gender and include affect regulation strategies in the examination of primary and secondary profiles of CU.

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Heterogeneity of executive functions among preschool children with psychiatric symptoms

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/s00787-019-01437-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1237-1249

Author(s):

Sini Teivaanmäki ◽

Hanna Huhdanpää ◽

Noona Kiuru ◽

Eeva T. Aronen ◽

Vesa Närhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Reference Group ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Psychiatric Clinic ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and deficits in executive functions (EF) as well as to examine the overall heterogeneity of EFs in a sample of preschool children attending a psychiatric clinic (n = 171). First, based on cut-off points signifying clinical levels of impairment on the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), children were assigned into groups of internalizing, externalizing, combined or mild symptoms and compared to a reference group (n = 667) with regard to day care teacher ratings of EFs on the Attention and Executive Function Rating Inventory-Preschool (ATTEX-P). Second, latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify distinct subgroups of children representing different EF profiles with unique strengths and weaknesses in EFs. The first set of analyses indicated that all symptom groups had more difficulties in EFs than the reference group did, and the internalizing group had less inhibition-related problems than the other symptom groups did. Using LPA, five EF profiles were identified: average, weak average, attentional problems, inhibitory problems, and overall problems. The EF profiles were significantly associated with gender, maternal education level, and psychiatric symptom type. Overall, the findings suggest that the comparison of means of internalizing and externalizing groups mainly captures the fairly obvious differences in inhibition-related domains among young psychiatric outpatient children, whereas the person-oriented approach, based on individual differences, identifies heterogeneity related to attentional functions, planning, and initiating one’s action. The variability in EF difficulties suggests that a comprehensive evaluation of a child’s EF profile is important regardless of the type of psychiatric symptoms the child presents with.

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Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadia Bounoua ◽

Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽

Naomi Sadeh

Keyword(s):

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Research Priority ◽

Self Harm ◽

And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

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