Symptoms and Their Relationship to Diagnosis: A Commentary on “Symptom Descriptions in Psychopathology: How Well Are They Working for Us?” (Wilshire et al., 2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262199035
Author(s):  
John B. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Symptoms are vital representations of human disorders, are key to understanding disorders, and may be the focus of specific therapeutic efforts. Symptoms are imperfect, and there are many influences on how they are described and understood. Are they hand servants of diagnosis or important in their own right? The answer seems to be both, but diagnosis is typically the way in which communication about psychopathology occurs internationally in many clinical disciplines. Diagnosis is also the basis of knowledge of the natural history of psychopathology and its treatment and therapy. Investigations into the nature and meaning of symptoms can helpfully focus on emerging disorders, of which gaming disorder is provided as an example.

Redefining the Role of Experiment in Bacon's Natural History: How Baconian was Descartes before Emerging from His Cocoon?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 158-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Giurgea ◽  
Laura Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this article we argue that the views that Francis Bacon and René Descartes held about the role of experiments in the process of discovery are closer than previously accepted. Looking at the way experiments and the heuristics of experimentation are embedded in Bacon's posthumous History of Dense and Rare and Descartes' Discourses 8, 9, 10 of the Meteorology, we will show that experiments help the investigator both in solving specific problems that could not have otherwise been foreseen and in generating relevant information that advances the scope of the investigation.

William Harold Pearsall, 1891-1964

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 511-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Botanical Society ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

William Harold Pearsall was born on 23 July 1891, at Stourbridge in Worcestershire. He came of an old Worcestershire family, some of whom ran into trouble in Cromwellian times because of their Royalist sympathies. He is said to have been the fourteenth bearer of the name William H. Pearsall. His father, William Harrison Pearsall, was a schoolmaster who moved to Dalton-in-Furness when Harold was quite a small boy to become headmaster of Broughton Road School. W. H. Pearsall senior was an excellent teacher, and Mrs T. G. Tutin writes: ‘When I was a schoolgirl in Barrow I knew people who had been pupils of the elder Pearsall in Dalton, and they still spoke of what a kind man and wonderful teacher he had been and how he had made them look at plants.’ He had very definite views on the way to bring up his own and other children. It was his belief that one should ‘never do for a child what a child can with reasonable effort do for itself’, and the playroom in the Pearsall house had a large printed notice bearing the three words THINK TRY ASK. Apart from his competence as a teacher he was also a good organist and trainer of choirs, a Methodist laypreacher and a first-class naturalist who devoted all his spare time to an intensive study of the natural history of the English Lakes. He was a member, and for a time Honorary Secretary, of the Botanical Society and Exchange Club (now the Botanical Society of the British Isles) and became a leading British expert on several genera of aquatic flowering plants and especially on the pondweeds, starworts and water buttercups, publishing many descriptions and keys. His key to British grasses was recently still in use at the Brathay Field Centre near Ambleside.

Aπαθεια and Πρ&ogr;παθειαι in Early Modern Discussions of the Passions: Stoicism, Christianity and Natural History

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 230-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Kraye
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper examines the reception of the Stoic theory of the passions in the early modern period, highlighting various differences between the way notions such as απαθεια (complete freedom from passions) and πρ&ogr;παθειαι (pre-passions) were handled and interpreted by Continental and English authors. Both groups were concerned about the compatibility of Stoicism with Christianity, but came to opposing conclu- sions; and while the Continental scholars drew primarily on ancient philosophical texts, the English ones relied, in addition, on experience and observation, developing a natural history of the passions.

The Natural History of Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-85
Author(s):  
Paul K.J. Han
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Compensatory Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Uncertainty ◽  
Management Of Uncertainty ◽  
The Way

Chapter 4 describes the natural history of medical uncertainty—that is, the way that the phenomenon is manifest in people’s lives. It classifies people’s psychological responses to uncertainty within two main categories: primary (initial cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses) and secondary (compensatory responses aimed at regulating primary responses). It presents a conceptual framework that classifies the variety of primary and secondary responses to uncertainty and discusses how the framework can help clinicians and patients evaluate and manage these responses. The ultimate goal of this framework is practical: to improve the management of uncertainty in medicine. The framework can promote this goal by enabling clinicians and patients to rise above their own regulatory responses to uncertainty and achieve greater tertiary control over them.

João Allen: Collecting the World: An Exhibition and Case Study of the First Private Museum in Portugal

Collections ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-297
Author(s):  
Laura Castro
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Grand Tour ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

João Allen (1781–1848) was a business man who collected antiques, curiosities, natural history, numismatics, archeological pieces, and fine arts. A trip to Italy in 1826–1827 was fundamental to his collection building, to the opening of the first private museum in Portugal, the Allen Museum in Porto (1837), and to the identity of one of Portugal’s most important museums, the Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis created in 1833 under a different designation. Allen’s Grand Tour of Italy and his eclecticism were the cornerstone of the exhibition that took place in this museum in 2018. This article addresses the way in which the exhibition reflects the museum itself and recalls the formation of collections which are of great importance for the history of European museums due to what they reveal about the political and cultural circumstances of their times. Finally, we point out some possible developments concerning the permanent exhibition of the museum.

scholarly journals Nie tylko kurs historii naturalnej. Księżnej Anny Jabłonowskiej zbiór „wszystkich przedmiotów dociekań rozumu człowieka”

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Iwona Arabas ◽  
Larysa Bondar ◽  
Lidia Czechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Way

Not Only a Natural History Course. Duchess Anna Jabłonowska’s “Collection of All Objects of Human Reason Inquiries” One of the richest natural history collections in Europe at the end of the 18th century was the Cabinet of Natural History of Duchess Anna Jabłonowska née Sapieha (1728–1800) in Siemiatycze. In 1802, the collection was purchased by Tsar Alexander I and handed over to the University in Moscow (where it burned down in 1812). It was only possible to recreate the richness of the collection and the way it was taken over after the sales documents had been found in 2008 in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. However, some documents were illegible, and it was only in 2020 that the entire documentation was read. It revealed a completely different image of the collection than expected, as in one part the collection refers to cabinets of curiosities. The article is the first publication in Polish on Anna Jabłonowska’s “art cabinet”, with translations of the lists of exhibits by Count Stanisław Sołtyk (from French) and by V.M. Severgin and A.F. Sevastyanov (from Russian).

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Microbiome in Newborns and Children and the Effects of Antibiotic Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2795-2797
Author(s):  
Dana Claudia Thompson ◽  
Madalina Gabriela Barbu ◽  
Oana Daniela Toader ◽  
Lucian Pop ◽  
Andrei Dennis Voichitoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
High Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The acquisition of the infant�s microbiota is a vastly researched subject and of high interest. As more information is gathered, scientists prove the link between an unbalanced microbiome and certain afflictions. Antibiotics are widely used drugs and one of the factors that can shape the composition of the infant�s gut bacterial colonization. In this paper we aim to present the natural history of the child�s microbiome and the way it can be influenced by the use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Corresponding interests: artisans and gentlemen in nineteenth-century natural history

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Secord
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Books ◽  
The Way

Early nineteenth-century natural history books reveal that British naturalists depended heavily on correspondence as a means for gathering information and specimens. Edward Newman commented in his History of British Ferns: ‘Were I to make out a list of all the correspondents who have assisted me it would be wearisome from its length.’ Works such as William Withering's Botanical Arrangement show that artisans numbered among his correspondents. However, the literary products of scientific practice reveal little of the workings or such correspondences and how or why they were sustained. An exchange or letters is maintained if the interests of both recipient and writer are satisfied. Withering's book tells us only that his interests were served by his correspondents; it allows us to say nothing with certainty about the interests of those who wrote to him. Published texts effectively hide the means by which the author determined the veracity of distant correspondents and also the way these informants demonstrated their credibility.

Natural History and Local History in Late Victorian and Edwardian England: The Contribution of the Victoria County History

Rural History ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BECKETT ◽  
CHARLES WATKINS
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Domestic History

AbstractIn 1899 the Victoria County History (VCH) was established as a ‘National Survey’ of England which was intended to show the present day condition of the country and trace the ‘domestic history’ of all English counties to the ‘earliest times’. Natural history was seen as a key component to be included in the first volume for every county. In this paper we examine the reasons for the prominence given to natural history and demonstrate how the expert knowledge of natural historians was marshalled and edited. We use the contrasting counties of Herefordshire and Nottinghamshire to examine key intellectual debates about the role of the amateur and the expert and concern about nomenclature, classification and the state of knowledge about different groups of species. We emphasize the importance of the geography of the natural history and the way in which the VCH charted concerns about species loss and extinction. We examine the reasons why the VCH later abandoned natural history and finally we assess the value of its published output for modern historical geographers, historical ecologists and environmental historians.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

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