scholarly journals Causes of Hospitalization and Death among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Adults in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595822091926
Author(s):  
Sukonthip Chanto ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Therapy Initiation

More than half of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients enter to care with a low CD4 count. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults who were hospitalized. Of 148 patients, median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 39.3 (30.5-47.1) years and 114 (77%) patients were male. Baseline median (IQR) CD4 count was 79 (24-218) cells/mm3. The median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 8 (4-16) days. Half of the patients were hospitalized with AIDS-defining illness (ADI). Common opportunistic infections were Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (20.3%) and tuberculosis (18.9%). CD4 count was statistically significantly associated with hospitalization with ADI (odds ratio: 0.85, per 10 cells/mm3 increased; 95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.90). The mortality was 5.4%. In conclusion, half of newly diagnosed Thai HIV-infected patients were hospitalized with ADI. Early detection of HIV infection leading to early antiretroviral therapy initiation and prevention of serious complications is essential.

scholarly journals CD4 count at antiretroviral therapy initiation and the risk of loss to follow-up: results from a multicentre cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grimsrud ◽  
Morna Cornell ◽  
Michael Schomaker ◽  
Matthew P Fox ◽  
Catherine Orrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Multicentre Cohort

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation to Improve Survival among HIV-Infected Adults with Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e1001029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly F. Franke ◽  
James M. Robins ◽  
Jules Mugabo ◽  
Felix Kaigamba ◽  
Lauren E. Cain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Therapy Initiation

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Virological Outcome When First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Is Reintroduced After Unplanned Interruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595821989953
Author(s):  
Suzy Maria ◽  
Evy Yunihastuti ◽  
Siti Rizny F. Saldi ◽  
Zubairi Djoerban
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
First Line ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Virological Success ◽  
Virological Outcome ◽  
History Of

There is no guideline concerning choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients after unplanned interruption. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected patients reintroduced to first-line ART after having unplanned interruption for at least 1 month. Viral load was evaluated at 6 to 18 months after the reintroduction. There were 100 patients included in our study, and 55 of them achieved virological success. History of single interruption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.51%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-16.68, P = .003) and CD4 count ≥200 cell/mm3 at the time of reintroduction (aOR 4.33, 95% CI 1.14-16.39, P = .031) increased likelihood to achieve virological success.

scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic at public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261454
Author(s):  
Maycas Dembelu ◽  
Mesfin Kote ◽  
Girma Gilano ◽  
Temesgen Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections (OIs) due to HIV mediated immune suppression. When opportunistic infections occur in the form of relapse or reinfection, it is said to be reoccurrence. This study was aimed to assess Incidence and predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infections among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending ART clinics in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 450 HIV/AIDS patients attending anti-retro viral therapy (ART) clinics in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used. Kaplan-Meier graph and log rank test were used for group wise comparison. Bivariate and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model were used to identify independent predictors of reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. Result One hundred nineteen HIV/AIDS patient had reoccurrence of opportunistic infection. The incidence rate was 11.5 per 1000 person months. The mean time of reoccurrence was 56 months. One of the most reoccurred OIs was pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Predictors that were associated significantly were recent cell differentiation 4 (CD4) count, recent body mass index (BMI), recent functional status, and duration on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Conclusion Though the incidence rate of OIs decreased from previous findings, attention should be given to HIV patients with low CD4 count, low BMI and for those bedridden patients.

scholarly journals Impact of Unplanned Care Interruption on CD4 Response Early After ART Initiation in a Nigerian Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimalohi A. Ahonkhai ◽  
Juliet Adeola ◽  
Bolanle Banigbe ◽  
Ifeyinwa Onwuatuelo ◽  
Abdulkabir B. Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
The Impact

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of unplanned care interruption (UCI) among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2009 to 2011 in a Nigerian clinic. The authors used repeated measures regression to model the impact of UCI on CD4 count upon return to care and rate of CD4 change on ART. Among 2496 patients, 83% had 0, 15% had 1, and 2% had ≥2 UCIs. Mean baseline CD4 for those with 0, 1, or ≥2 UCIs was 228/cells/mm3, 355/cells/mm3, and 392/cells/mm3 ( P < .0001), respectively. The UCI was associated with a 62 CD4 cells/mm3 decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: −78 to −45) at next measurement. In months 1 to 6 on ART, patients with 0 UCI gained 10 cells/µL/mo (95% CI: 7-4). Those with 1 and ≥2 UCIs lost 2 and 5 cells/µL/mo (95% CI: −18 to 13 and −26 to 16). Patients with UCI did not recover from early CD4 losses associated with UCI. Preventing UCI is critical to maximize benefits of ART.

scholarly journals Timely initiation of HIV antiretroviral therapy in Haiti 2004–2018: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nancy Puttkammer ◽  
Canada Parrish ◽  
Yrvel Desir ◽  
Nathaelf Hyppolite ◽  
Nadjy Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Hiv Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective. To describe trends in timing of ART initiation for newly diagnosed people living with HIV before and after Haiti adopted its Test and Start policy for universal HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) in July 2016, and to explore predictors of timely ART initiation for both newly and previously diagnosed people living with HIV following Test and Start adoption. Methods. This retrospective cohort study explored timing of ART initiation among 147 900 patients diagnosed with HIV at 94 ART clinics in 2004–2018 using secondary electronic medical record data. The study used survival analysis methods to assess time trends and risk factors for ART initiation. Results. Timely uptake of ART expanded with Test and Start, such that same-day ART initiation rates increased from 3.7% to 45.0%. However, only 11.0% of previously diagnosed patients initiated ART after Test and Start. In adjusted analyses among newly diagnosed people living with HIV, factors negatively associated with timely ART initiation included being a pediatric patient aged 0–14 years (HR = 0.23, p < 0.001), being male (HR = 0.92, p = 0.03), being 50+ years (HR = 0.87, p = 0.03), being underweight (HR = 0.79, p < 0.001), and having WHO stage 3 (HR = 0.73, p < 0.001) or stage 4 disease (HR = 0.49, p < 0.001). Variation in timely ART initiation by geographic department and health facility was observed. Conclusions. Haiti has made substantial progress in scaling up Test and Start, but further work is needed to enroll previously diagnosed patients and to ensure rapid ART in key patient subgroups. Further research is needed on facility and geographic factors and on strategies for improving timely ART initiation among vulnerable subgroups.

An Analysis of Dental Implants Survival and Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466
Author(s):  
Iustin Olariu ◽  
Roxana Radu ◽  
Teodora Olariu ◽  
Andrada Christine Serafim ◽  
Ramona Amina Popovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Related

Osseointegration of a dental implant may encounter a variety of problems caused by various factors, as prior health-related problems, patients� habits and the technique of the implant inserting. Retrospective cohort study of 70 patients who received implants between January 2011- April 2016 in one dental unit, with Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the probability of implants�s survival at 60 months. The analysis included demographic data, age, gender, medical history, behavior risk factors, type and location of the implant. For this cohort the implants�survival for the first 6 months was 92.86% compared to the number of patients and 97.56% compared to the number of total implants performed, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.43% after 60 months. Failures were focused exclusively on posterior mandible implants, on the percentage of 6.17%, odds ratio (OR) for these failures being 16.76 (P = 0.05) compared with other localisations of implants, exclusively in men with median age of 42 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document