scholarly journals Student-Teacher Race Congruence: New Evidence and Insight From Tennessee

AERA Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 233285841881752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ela Joshi ◽  
Sy Doan ◽  
Matthew G. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Student Preparedness ◽  
Teacher Race ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Match Effect ◽  
New Evidence

Our work aims to substantiate and extend earlier findings on the effects of student-teacher race matching on academic achievement using longitudinal data for students in Grades 3 through 8 in Tennessee. We examine heterogenous effects not only by racial subgroup and student preparedness, as explored in prior literature, but also by levels of teacher effectiveness, drawing on data from the state’s teacher evaluation system. We find that student-teacher race congruence does not have a significant overall effect on test scores. However, subgroup analyses reveal a positive, significant race-match effect in elementary school math. We observe meaningful effects for Black students in both reading and math, race-matched students in the bottom-most preparedness quartile in math, and race-matched students assigned to teachers in the middle two teacher performance quartiles in math. Our results align with prior findings, emphasizing that race-match effects transcend state borders. Findings support policy efforts to diversify the educator labor force.

Policy Implementation, Principal Agency, and Strategic Action: Improving Teaching Effectiveness in New York City Middle Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-160
Author(s):  
Julie Cohen ◽  
Susanna Loeb ◽  
Luke C. Miller ◽  
James H. Wyckoff
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
York City ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Evaluation Policies

Ten years ago, the reform of teacher evaluation was touted as a mechanism to improve teacher effectiveness. In response, virtually every state redesigned its teacher evaluation system. Recently, a growing narrative suggests these reforms failed and should be abandoned. This response may be overly simplistic. We explore the variability of New York City principals’ implementation of policies intended to promote teaching effectiveness. Drawing on survey, interview, and administrative data, we analyze whether principals believe they can use teacher evaluation and tenure policies to improve teaching effectiveness and how such perceptions influence policy implementation. We find that principals with greater perceived agency are more likely to strategically use tenure and evaluation policies. Results have important implications for principal training and policy implementation.

scholarly journals The Compositional Effect of Rigorous Teacher Evaluation on Workforce Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Berry Cullen ◽  
Cory Koedel ◽  
Eric Parsons
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Urban School District ◽  
Compositional Effect ◽  
Personnel Decisions ◽  
Personnel Policies ◽  
New System

We study how the introduction of a rigorous teacher evaluation system in a large urban school district affects the quality composition of teacher turnovers. With the implementation of the new system, we document increased turnover among the least effective teachers and decreased turnover among the most effective teachers, relative to teachers in the middle of the distribution. Our findings demonstrate that the alignment between personnel decisions and teacher effectiveness can be improved through targeted personnel policies. However, the change in the composition of exiters brought on by the policy we study is too small to meaningfully impact student achievement.

Too Busy or Well-Connected? Evidence from a Shock to Multiple Directorships

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bergman Brown ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
Emanuel Zur
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Directorships ◽  
Target Firms ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Gain Access

ABSTRACT Prior literature documents that multiple directorships are negatively associated with operating performance due to overly busy directors; however, multiple directorships may also increase firm value because directors gain access to valuable connections, resources, and information through their multiple appointments. This paper examines M&A that terminate target firms' entire boards as a negative shock to both board busyness and connections at other firms, as a complement to Hauser (2018). We document that firms experiencing a decrease in multiple directorships due to M&A exhibit improved operating performance, monitoring, and strategic advising, on average. Firms with the smallest decrease in board connections experience the greatest improvement in operating performance and advising, while firms with the greatest decrease in board connections experience null or negative effects on operating performance and advising. Our findings provide new evidence of the costs and benefits of multiple directorships based on board busyness and connections.

Validation of a Statewide Teacher Evaluation System

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianxuan Xu ◽  
Leslie W. Grant ◽  
Thomas J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Academic Progress ◽  
Student Growth ◽  
Student Growth Percentiles ◽  
Student Learning Objectives ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the validity of a statewide teacher evaluation system in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Three hundred and thirty-eight teachers from 16 at-risk schools located in eight school districts participated in an evaluation system pilot during the 2011-2012 academic year. Teachers received ratings on six teacher effectiveness process standards and one student academic progress outcome measure. For the outcome measure, student academic progress was measured by student growth percentiles (where available and appropriate) and student achievement goal setting (i.e., student learning objectives). The study examines the internal validity of the system, specifically (1) the relationship between the six teacher effectiveness process standards and the student academic progress outcome measure and (2) the relationship between ratings on outcome measure for teachers with student growth percentile data and without.

Measuring Teacher Effectiveness in Gifted Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
New Teacher ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Quality Instruction ◽  
Observation Systems ◽  
Value Added Models ◽  
New Teacher Evaluation

States and districts are under increasing pressure to evaluate the effectiveness of their teachers and to ensure that all students receive high-quality instruction. This article describes some of the challenges associated with current effectiveness approaches, including paper-and-pencil tests of pedagogical content knowledge, classroom observation systems, and value-added models. It proposes development of a new teacher evaluation system using a virtual reality environment and describes how innovations in educational measurement and technology can be used to develop an improved teacher effectiveness measure.

The Impact of Student-Teacher Pairings on Teacher Effectiveness

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This study tests the hypothesis that types of students tend to differ in the benefit that they receive from various types of teachers. Factor analysis was used to identify four types of students (kindergarten children) and four types of teachers. The findings from the analysis of variance procedure were that a certain type of teacher was significantly more effective with one type of student than with another. The knowledge that different types of teachers tend to differ in the success they have with the same type of student, and that different types of students tend to differ in the benefit they receive from the same type of teacher might provide a basis for the matching of students with teachers.

scholarly journals How Air Quality Affect Health Industry Stock Returns: New Evidence From the Quantile-on-Quantile Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Kai-Hua Wang ◽  
Yidong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Technology Industries ◽  
Industrial Heterogeneity

This paper discusses the asymmetric effect of air quality (AQ) on stock returns (SR) in China's health industry through the quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression method. Compared to prior literature, our study provides the following contributions. Government intervention, especially industrial policy, is considered a fresh and essential component of analyzing frameworks in addition to investors' physiology and psychology. Next, because of the heterogeneous responses from different industries to AQ, industrial heterogeneity is thus considered in this paper. In addition, the QQ method examines the effect of specific quantiles between variables and does not consider structural break and temporal lag effects. We obtain the following empirical results. First, the coefficients between AQ and SR in the health service and health technology industries change from positive to negative as AQ deteriorates. Second, AQ always positively influences the health business industry, but the values of the coefficients are larger in good air. In addition, different from other industries, the coefficients in the health equipment industry are negative, but the values of the coefficients change with AQ. The conclusions provide important references for investors and other market participants to avoid biased decisions due to poor AQ and pay attention to government industrial policies.

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