scholarly journals Postsecondary Educational Attainment and Health among Younger U.S. Adults in the “College-for-All” Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110211
Author(s):  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Elizabeth Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Associate Degrees ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High School Diplomas ◽  
Postsecondary Attainment

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes and smaller but largely significant returns to associate degrees. In contrast, adults with some college but no degree or with vocational/technical certificates do not have better physical health than high school graduates. Our findings highlight the stark differentiation within higher education as reflected by the disparate health outcomes in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Educational and Criminal Justice Outcomes 12 Years After School Suspension

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
After School ◽  
School Career ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
K 12 ◽  
First Time ◽  
High School Diplomas

A third of U.S. students are suspended over a K-12 school career. Suspended youth have worse adult outcomes than nonsuspended students, but these outcomes could be due to selection bias: that is, suspended youth may have had worse outcomes even without suspension. This study compares the educational and criminal justice outcomes of 480 youth suspended for the first time with those of 1,193 matched nonsuspended youth from a nationally representative sample. Prior to suspension, the suspended and nonsuspended youth did not differ on 60 pre-suspension variables including students’ self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors, parents’ reports of socioeconomic status, and administrators’ reports of school disciplinary policies. Twelve years after suspension (ages 25-32), suspended youth were less likely than matched nonsuspended youth to have earned bachelor’s degrees or high school diplomas, and were more likely to have been arrested and on probation, suggesting that suspension rather than selection bias explains negative outcomes.

scholarly journals CONTINUITY OF CAREER OVER THE LIFE COURSE ON LIFE SATISFACTION AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
Melanie S Hill ◽  
James E Hill ◽  
Stephanie Richardson ◽  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Jeremy B Yorgason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Identity scholars have suggested that having a unified sense of past, present, and future is related to positive well-being outcomes (Whitbourne, Sneed & Skultety, 2009). One’s occupation can have a profound influence on an individual’s identity throughout the life course (Nazar & van der Heijden, 2012). Research has looked at career mobility among younger age groups (Baiyun, Ramkissoon, Greenwood, & Hoyte, 2018); however, less is known about the impact of career stability later in life. Consistency in career choice over the life course may have positive outcomes down the line as career becomes part of an individual's identity. The current study uses the Life and Family Legacies dataset, a longitudinal state-representative sample of 3,348, to examine individual’s careers at three points in the life course: high school (projected career choice), early adulthood, and later life. Results revealed that a match of desired career in high school and actual career in early adulthood was not predictive of life satisfaction or depressive symptoms in later life. However, a match of career in early adulthood and later life was significantly related to better life satisfaction and less depressive symptoms, which was explained through higher levels of job satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of acquiring and maintaining a career that is fulfilling to the individual over the course of early adulthood to later life.

Shortcut: High School Grades As a Signal of Human Capital

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Rafiullah Miller
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Grades ◽  
High School Grades ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees

Research shows that employers are dissatisfied with their ability to hire good workers out of high school ( Barton, 1990 ; Cappelli & Rogovsky, 1993). This article considers whether employers could benefit from using high school grades to identify workers whom they will value more in the long run. Using the High School and Beyond data on the sophomore cohort, this article examines the effects of high school grades on long-term productivity as measured by earnings. It finds that high school grades do have a strong and significant effect on earnings 9 years after high school for both men and women, those with and without bachelor’s degrees, and controlling for race/ethnicity, SES, region of the country, and whether the school is public or private. Using a fixed-effect model, it also demonstrates that these findings are robust even after controlling for school-level differences. The article further confirms other researchers’ findings of no or negative short-term effects of high school grades on earnings. It argues that this connection between grades and long-run productivity suggests that employers could use high school graduates’ grades to identify workers they will value.

scholarly journals El sistema de bachillerato internacional y su enseñanza en idioma inglés como factores claves para la excelencia académica de los bachilleres del Colegio Americano de Guayaquil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4313-4323
Author(s):  
Wagner Cristhian Cañizares Albán
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
International Baccalaureate ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Added Value ◽  
International Baccalaureate Organization ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
High School Diplomas ◽  
Coast Region

RESUMEN El colegio Americano de Guayaquil fundado hace 79 años se caracteriza por ser líder en la enseñanza bilingüe, habiendo graduado bachilleres en las especialidades de físico matemático, químico biólogos, comercio y de acuerdo a las reformas educativas actualmente gradúa bachilleres en ciencias, ciencias empresariales, y ciencias humanísticas. A lo cual debe agregarse que desde 1985 mediante convenio con la Organización de Bachillerato Internacional con sede en Ginebra, Suiza, imparte la educación IB como un agregado académico que ha dado relevancia a los graduados de esta institución, por cuanto además de ser bachilleres de calidad internacional, dominan el inglés como un segundo idioma, lo que permite que tengan acceso para realizar sus estudios superiores en prestigiosas universidades del exterior. Las autoridades de educación del país han otorgado los permisos correspondientes, autorizando que el Colegio Americano de Guayaquil enseñe su malla curricular de estudios bajo el sistema de IB en idioma inglés, lo cual lo ha convertido en el pionero y líder de este sistema de enseñanza en la región Costa.   ABSTRACT The Colegio Americano de Guayaquil was founded 79 years ago.  It is characterized by being a leader in bilingual education.  It has submitted High School Diplomas to many students in the Physical Mathematic Science, Chemical Biology Science and Business specializations.  According to the educational reforms, currently it graduates students in Science, Business Science and Humanistic Sciences.  It must be added that since 1985, the International Baccalaureate Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, provides IB education as an academic added value, which has given a high relevance to the graduates of this institution since, besides being international high school graduates, they are proficient in English as a second language; this allows them to enter prestigious universities abroad. The Ecuadorian education authorities have authorized the Colegio Americano to teach the curriculum under the English IB system.  In this way, the School has become the pioneer and leader of this education system in the Coast region.

Does an Extra Year Make Any Difference? The Impact of Early Access to Algebra on Long-Term Gains in Mathematics Attainment

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
Curriculum Policy ◽  
School Students ◽  
High School Math ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the lasting impact of taking algebra before high school on students ‘subsequent mathematics attainment in high school. Using a nationally representative sample of high school students, I explore the effects of early access to algebra on students’ access to advanced mathematics courses and subsequent high school math achievement. Results demonstrate that early access to algebra has an effect beyond simple increased knowledge measures and, in fact, may “socialize” a student into taking more mathematics, regulating access both to advanced coursework and increased achievement in high school. Implications for broader curriculum policy changes concerning early access to algebra are discussed.

scholarly journals Recall of Tobacco Corrective-statements advertisements and Effects on Health Information-seeking Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikha Aldukhail ◽  
Israel Agaku
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Health Information Seeking ◽  
Health Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: In the 2006, landmark ruling, US District Judge Gladys Kessler instructed tobacco companies to disseminate corrective-statements (CSs) against their products through media advertisements. This study objectives were to (1) examine the proportion of adults who were exposed to each of the five CS messages ; and to (2) describe the association between exposure to CSs and health-information seeking behavior among the US adult population.Methods: Data, settings, participants, outcomes, and statistical approach.We analyzed the most recent nationally representative data from the population-based cross-sectional survey of US adults, the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5-Cycle2,2018). Data collection began in January 2018 and concluded in May 2018, and analysis took place from May 2019 to October 2019. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than 0.05, and all tests were 2-tailed. All data were weighted to be nationally representative.Results: Key findings.Exposure to CS was not independently associated with health-information seeking behavior. Among exposed, those with less than high school education sought out health information significantly less (70.2%, 95%CI=53.8-86.5) compared to college graduates (93.3%, 95%CI=90.8 - 95.7) (p<0.0002); exposed females reported higher prevalence of seeking healthinformation 88.4% (95%CI= 85.9– 90.96) compared to males at 75.4% (95%CI =67.3– 83.6) (p<0.0001). Assessing the impact of CS language and advertisement framing on message recall, we found that majority reported exposure to (Message 1) “health effects of smoking.” estimated at 85.8% (95%CI= 82.9 – 88.6). Followed by 65.8% (95%CI= 61.1 – 70.5) recalling (Message 2) “health effects of secondhand smoke”.Our logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of health information seeking were two times higher in females (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR], 2.07; 95%CI=1.59- 2.69); while odds were 2.55 folds higher among those who had at least college education (95% CI= 1.26 - 5.21), compared with less than high school. Compared to white adults, odds of seeking health information were lower among Blacks (AOR=0.46; 95%CI=0.29 - 0.74) and Hispanics (AOR=0.51; 95%CI= 0.33 - 0.79).Conclusions: Key message and implications.This study found that the court ordered national antismoking advertising campaign had different exposure and recall patterns in subgroups depending on the message category. While some messages were easier to recall others, perhaps more technical ones, were less likely to make an impact on participants’ memory and prompt change to health behavior.

scholarly journals Trends in child labor and the impact on health in adulthood in Brazil from 1998 to 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marislei Nishijima ◽  
André Portela Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Flávia Mori Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Entry ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

There is little evidence in Brazil on the impact of child labor on health status in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate trends in child labor in Brazil and estimate the long-term effects of child labor on the health of Brazilian adults, using nationally representative databases (Brazilian National Household Sample Survey) from three different years (1998, 2003, and 2008). The models were based on a two-stage linear equation and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results suggest that child labor has declined in Brazil, although the data still show patterns of early entry into the country’s labor market. Regardless of the type of work, child labor adversely affected health outcomes in adulthood, both directly (impacts on health outcomes) and indirectly (losses in educational attainment). Child labor places a long-term burden on Brazilians, jeopardizing the formation of human capital through negative impacts on health outcomes in adulthood.

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