scholarly journals Social Autonomy among Married Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110436
Author(s):  
Adam R. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Married Women ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Autonomy

Numerous studies highlight the value of spouses spending quality time together. Although it is undoubtedly important to make sufficient time for each other, minimal research considers the degree to which married individuals socialize with others outside the presence of their spouses. These latter interactions provide an opportunity to practice social autonomy (i.e., time during which one’s actions are not directly influenced by their spouse). Drawing on data from the American Time Use Survey, the author finds that (1) the number of minutes married women engage in nonspousal interactions peaks in midlife and declines in later life, (2) married men spend more time engaging in nonspousal interactions at work than married women, and (3) the number of minutes married men engage in nonspousal interactions in nonwork settings steadily decreases as they age. These findings suggest that age and gender play central roles in the social lives of married couples.

scholarly journals Attitudes toward marriage and divorce in East Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kwang Man I Ko
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Married Women ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Gender Role Ideology ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Attitudes Toward Marriage ◽  
And Gender

Attitudes about marriage and divorce, which is related to cultural values and societal norms, are important as they can be indicators of couple relationship quality and marital stability. Along with the rapid social, economic, and cultural changes, East Asians have experienced the major transition of sociocultural interpretations of marriage and divorce. Using a person-oriented approach and the 2006 East Asian Social Survey data set (N = 9,035), this study explored if there were underlying groups of East Asians regarding attitudes toward marriage and divorce. Also, this study examined how those subgroup memberships differed on patriarchy, gender role ideology, age, gender, marital status, education level, and country. Four qualitatively different profiles were identified: conservative (10.8%), progressive (79.6%), married men less happy (3.1%), and married women less happy (6.5%). People in the conservative profile, where South Koreans accounted for 45.8%, were more likely to be older, currently married, and less educated. Individuals in the progressive profile were less likely to have traditional patriarchal and gender role ideology, and about 90% of Chinese and Japanese belonged to this profile. The characteristics of married men less happy and married women less happy group were similar to each other except for the gender ratio and gender role ideology. This study revealed that East Asians have different attitudes toward marriage and family by being categorized into four distinctive groups, which can be implications for policymakers and marriage educators in East Asia.

scholarly journals Unconditional Quantile Regression Approach: Effects of Education on Housework Time in the US and Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Kamila Kolpashnikova ◽  
Man-Yee Kan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Use Survey

We compare the association between educational attainment and housework participation among single and married women in Japan and the US. Using the cross-sectional time-use diaries from the 2006 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the 2006 Japanese Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities (STULA) and unconditional quantile regressions (UQR), we test whether educational attainment is associated with less time spent on housework in Japan compared to the US. We find that this assumption stands only for American women and non-married Japanese women. However, married Japanese women are unlikely to reduce participation in housework with an increase in their educational level. Married Japanese women are more likely to do more housework proportionately to the level of their education. The findings reveal the presence of a marriage penalty among highly educated Japanese women. In Japan, the institute of marriage places higher expectations regarding women’s housework participation on married women with higher levels of education, thereby penalising Japanese women with higher educational attainments. Our findings illustrate that the tenets of the resource-based and gender-centred frameworks developed based on the empirical findings in Western countries cannot always directly apply to the patterns observed in East Asia.

scholarly journals Are Movers More Egalitarian than Stayers? An Intergenerational Perspective on Intra-Household Financial Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-146
Author(s):  
Şebnem Eroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
And Gender

This study seeks to investigate the role of international migration in shaping the financial decision-making behaviors of married couples through a comparison of three generations of Turkish migrants to Europe (i.e., movers) with their counterparts who remained in Turkey (i.e., stayers). The data are drawn from a subset of personal data from the 2000 Families Survey, involving 4,215 interviews performed randomly with married individuals nested within 1,713 families. The results suggest that international migration increases the tendency for spouses to jointly decide on their finances by (1) weakening the intergenerational transmission of traditional financial decision-making behaviors and gender ideologies and (2) enabling more intense acculturation of younger generations within “less patriarchal” contexts. With its unique, intergenerational, and multisite perspective, the study provides particular insight into the understudied relationship between migration and intra-household decision-making and its benefits for gender equality.

Sex-Typed Chores and the City: Gender, Urbanicity, and Housework

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Quadlin ◽  
Long Doan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
Using Data

How does place structure the gendered division of household labor? Because people’s living spaces and lifestyles differ dramatically across urban, suburban, and rural areas, it follows that time spent on household chores may vary across places. In cities, for example, many households do not have vehicles or lawns, and housing units tend to be relatively small. Urban men’s and women’s time use therefore provides insight into how partners contribute to household chores when there is less structural demand for the types of tasks they typically do. We examine these dynamics using data on heterosexual married individuals from the American Time Use Survey combined with the Current Population Survey. We find that urban men spend relatively little time on male-typed chores, but they spend the same amount of time on female-typed chores as their suburban and rural counterparts. This pattern suggests that urban men do not “step up” their involvement in female-typed tasks even though they contribute little in the way of other housework. In contrast, urbanicity rarely predicts women’s time use, implying that women spend considerable time on household chores regardless of where they live. Implications for research on gender and housework are discussed.

scholarly journals Age and Sex-Related Associations Between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Gustavo Cavazzotto ◽  
Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski ◽  
Marcos Roberto Queiroga ◽  
Michael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals with a TV time > 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA > 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants > 30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, married individuals are less likely to spend more than 3 hours a day watching TV than single individuals. Single men and women were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups and married women older than 40 years were more likely to do 150 min of PA/week than single women.

scholarly journals The effect of myths about sexuality and the level of knowledge about sexuality on the marital satisfaction in married couples

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
Birgül EMIROGLU BAKAY ◽  
Eylem AYRANCI ORHON ◽  
Kadir BAKAY ◽  
Faruk OLCENOGLU ◽  
Davut GUVEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Adjustment Test

To look into the effect of sexual myths and level of knowledge about sexuality on marital satisfaction in married couples. The study was carried on with 104 voluntary respondents; 57 of which are married women and 47 are married men. The data has been collected with Personal Information Questionnaire, Marital Adjustment Test, Sexual Myths Analysis Questionnaire and The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), data has been analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software package (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). According to these findings, as the belief in sexual myths increases, the sexual satisfaction decreases; yet the increase in the belief in sexual myths does not affect the marital satisfaction. The findings implicate that as the knowledge about sexuality increases, the sexual satisfaction increases while the marital satisfaction decreases. As the number of sexual myths increases, marital adjustment decreases. The findings don’t show any significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment.

scholarly journals Sociability Closure and Gender Inequalities in Earnings, Promotions and Job Tenure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lyttelton
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
And Gender

This paper asks if the sociability of work contributes to gendered labor market inequalities. Socializing with coworkers is a way to cultivate social capital and is an increasingly prominent aspect of corporate culture. Access to social interactions thus provides access to organizational resources and is a potential mechanism of social closure in workplaces. Dominant groups, such as men in male-dominated workplaces, can limit access to social interactions by controlling the timing, context, and content of social interactions to exclude subordinate groups. This study combines data from the American Time Use Survey and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979, to test the role of sociability in explaining gender inequalities in job tenure, promotions, and earnings. In all three cases, sociability is associated with greater gender inequalities when men predominate in workplaces. In male-dominated jobs, women's earnings fall $3,700 across observed values of sociability, while men's earnings increase by $2,100 Worker-level activity patterns confirm that while women are more sociable than men in non-work contexts, in male-dominated workplaces, women socialize with their coworkers far less frequently than their male colleagues.

Gender and Marital Satisfaction: A Replication Using a Seven-Point Item Response Version of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1004-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman ◽  
Anthony P. Jurich
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Married Individuals

In a subsample of married individuals, 97 married men and 154 married women, who had participated in a larger study of retention of church members, an effect size of 0.28 was found between gender and marital satisfaction as measured by the standard 21-point, three-item Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The results are consistent with previous reports of a gender effect associated with marital satisfaction, including an analysis of another subsample of the same larger study in which a 15-point version of the scale was used.

Sex, Sharing and the Distribution of Income

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Davies ◽  
Heather Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Resource Transfers ◽  
Equal Sharing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Distribution Of Income

ABSTRACTIt is customary to assume that income is redistributed between the sexes within the family. This article investigates alternative assumptions about sharing within the family and their effects on the distribution of income. Using data from the UK Family Expenditure Survey for 1968 and 1986, we contrast two assumptions about sharing within the family; the conventional assumption of equal sharing or ‘pooling’, and an alternative of ‘minimum sharing’. Under each assumption, we examine the composition of extreme quintiles of the income distribution, and compute the numbers of men and women falling below an arbitrary ‘poverty line’. The contribution to inequality of the net transfers between the sexes and other sources of income is also examined. We estimate that resource transfers (other than for housing) between spouses could, if all income is pooled, account for about one third of married couples’ pooled incomes in 1986 and about 56 per cent of the inequality of married women's incomes (in 1968, 56 per cent and 50 per cent respectively). Taking the bottom quintile of pooled income as an arbitrary ‘poverty line’, we calculate that 15 per cent of married people would have been below this line in 1986 if all incomes were pooled. On the minimum sharing assumption, 52 per cent of married women, but only 11 per cent of married men would have been under the line.

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