scholarly journals Closing the Digital Entrepreneurship Gap the Case of Returnee Entrepreneurs in Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Robert Wentrup ◽  
H. Richard Nakamura ◽  
Patrik Ström
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Internet Firms ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

Despite the growing rates of Internet penetration and inflows of returnee entrepreneurs (REs) from Silicon Valley, there are still few examples of successful digital entrepreneurship ventures from emerging markets reaching international markets. Positioning itself at the intersection of returnee entrepreneurship, digital entrepreneurship and internationalization, this article is based on the case studies of the REs starting up digital ventures in Morocco. The results show that Moroccan digital entrepreneurship is driven by well-educated REs with working experience from the United States and Europe. These entrepreneurs play a dominant role in fostering the local digital entrepreneurship scene, and they have an international ambition in their ventures from the outset. The dominance of the REs also reveals vulnerability in the local digital ecosystem—reluctance of the indigenous business community to engage in the digital sector and a lack of domestic investors, programmers and start-up clusters. However, Moroccan digital start-ups struggle with the fierce competition among the global Internet firms, which benefit from an underdeveloped policy framework. This article contributes new insights to the complexity of the returnee and digital entrepreneurship and demonstrates the pivotal role of Moroccan REs in the country’s trajectory towards closing the extant digital entrepreneurship gap vis-à-vis developed markets.

Poisoned Earth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Green Business ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Start Ups

The chapter examines green business during the 1960s and 1970, decades of new environmental awareness. In organic food natural beauty, a number of commercially viable green businesses and brands began to be built, and distribution channels created. There was significant innovation in wind and solar energy in the wake of the first oil crises although they remained marginal in the energy industry. Green entrepreneurs still faced huge obstacles finding both capital and consumers. In the case of the capital-intensive solar energy business, the main solution was to sell start-ups to cash-rich oil companies. Green businesses clustered in hubs of environmental and social activism, such as Berkeley and Boulder in the United States, Allgäu in Germany, and rural areas of Denmark. These clusters enabled small firms to build skills and competences which could eventually be used to expand into more mainstream locations.

Avoiding Dark Corners: A Robust Monetary Policy Framework for the United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alichi ◽  
Kevin Clinton ◽  
Charles Freedman ◽  
Ondra Kamenik ◽  
Michel Juillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Monetary Policy Framework

Public Philosophy and the Crisis in Education

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Critical Literacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Philosophy ◽  
New Public ◽  
Outcomes Of Education

Henry Giroux is concerned that the current debate over the quality of education in the United States is characterized by a "new" public philosophy which is as problematic as the crisis it attempts to resolve. Criticizing the movement to link the outcomes of education solely to the needs of the business community, he argues that this philosophy towards education undermines efforts to equip students with the skills necessary to analyze the sociopolitical processes at work. Giroux advocates an educational policy for federal and state governments that ensures the teaching of critical literacy and civic courage. Such an approach requires a commitment of political and financial resources to creating schools that function as sites of learning of social interaction, and of human emancipation.

scholarly journals Logical analysis of the impact of supply chain relationship quality on the growth performance of start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
He JIANG ◽  
Yonghui CAO
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Quality Of Supply ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the dilemma of “new entry defects” in the newly established enterprises, they are limited in developing new resources and cannot meet the increasingly fierce competition needs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a stable strategic partnership by seeking external organizations, so as to obtain the necessary resources for the growth and development of the enterprise itself. Based on Penrose’s theory of enterprise growth, this paper analyzes the relationship between the quality of supply chain relationship and the growth performance of start-ups from three aspects, in order to reveal the internal logic that the quality of supply chain relationship affects the growth performance of start-ups.

scholarly journals World trade and regional trade orientation in the context of forthcoming transatlantic trade and investment partnership

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it so with along with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in this process as well as the dominant role of the EU and the U.S. in the world economy – especially – in the world trade. Next, we study trade orientation of the hypothetical region created in result of TTIP. We use regional trade introversion index (RTII) to analyze trade between the EU and the U.S. that has taken place until now to get familiar with the potential changes caused by liberalization of trade between both partners. We analyze RTII for mutual trade of the EU and the U.S. Then, we apply disaggregated data to analyze and compare selected partial RTII (e.g. for trade in final and intermediate goods as well as goods produced in the main sectors of economy like agriculture or manufacturing). The analysis of the TTIP region’s orientation of trade based on the historical data from the period 1999-2012 revealed several conclusions. Nowadays, the trade between the EU and the U.S. is constrained by the protection applied by both partners. Trade liberalization constituting one necessary part of TTIP will surely help to intensify this trade. The factor of special concern is trade of agricultural products which is most constrained and will hardly be fully liberalized even within a framework of TTIP. Simultaneously, both parties are even now trading relatively intensively with intermediaries, which are often less protected than the average of the economy for the sake of development of final goods’ production. The manufactured goods are traded relatively often as well, mainly in consequence of their poor protection after many successful liberalization steps in the framework of GATT/WTO. Consequently, we point out that in many respects the TTIP will be important not only for its participants, but for the whole world economy as well. TTIP appears to be an economic and political project with serious consequences for the world economy and politics.

Liberalism since the Cold War: an enemy to itself?

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY HAWTHORN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Regional Development Banks

Many expected that after the Cold War, there would be peace, order, increasing prosperity in expanding markets and the extension and eventual consolidation of civil and political rights. There would be a new world order, and it would in these ways be liberal. In international politics, the United States would be supreme. It would through security treaties command the peace in western Europe and east Asia; through its economic power command it in eastern Europe and Russia; through clients and its own domination command it in the Middle East; through tacit understanding command it in Latin America; and, in so far as any state could, command it in Africa also. It could choose whether to cooperate in the United Nations, and if it did not wish to do so, be confident that it would not be disablingly opposed by illiberal states. In the international markets, it would be able to maintain holdings of its bonds. In the international financial institutions, it would continue to be decisive in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; it would be an important influence in the regional development banks; and it would be powerful in what it was to insist in 1994 should be called the World (rather than Multinational) Trade Organisation. Other transactions in the markets, it is true, would be beyond the control of any state. But they would not be likely to conflict with the interests of the United States (and western Europe) in finance, investment and trade, and would discipline other governments.

Alternative energy capital of the world? Fix, risk, and solar energy in Los Angeles’ urban periphery

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110543
Author(s):  
Sean F Kennedy ◽  
Ryan Stock
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
The World

California is one of the most climate-challenged regions of North America and is considered the vanguard of climate action in the United States. California's climate policy framework has strongly promoted the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure, and the state generates more solar energy than any other in the nation. Using the case of Lancaster, a city of 170,000 residents in northern Los Angeles County seeking to position itself as the “alternative energy capital of the world,” this article examines private investments in solar energy infrastructure as a response to California's entwined economic and ecological crises. Drawing on recent scholarship on socioecological fix, we argue that private accumulation through renewable energy infrastructures in California has required both the presence of crisis conditions and innovations in financial risk mitigation that manage tensions between mobility and fixity inherent in the formation of fixed capital. However, a narrow focus on short-term financial risk obviates other forms of risk, including future impacts of extreme weather on grid infrastructure and electricity supply. While this does not foreclose opportunities for solar energy infrastructure to support positive social and ecological transformation, we argue that such opportunities may be constrained under a mode of energy transition predicated on private accumulation.

Fully Autonomous Vehicles for People with Visual Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Paul D. S. Fink ◽  
Jessica A. Holz ◽  
Nicholas A. Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A significant number of individuals in the United States report a disability that limits their ability to travel, including many people who are blind or visually impaired (BVI). The implications of restricted transportation result in negative impacts related to economic security, physical and mental health, and overall quality of life. Fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs) present a means to mitigate travel barriers for this population by providing new, safe, and independent travel opportunities. However, current policies governing interactions with the artificial intelligence (AI) ‘at the wheel’ of FAVs do not reflect the accessibility needs articulated by BVI people in the extant literature, failing to encourage use cases that would result in life changing mobility. By reviewing the legislative and policy efforts surrounding FAVs, we argue that the heart of this problem is due to a disjointed, laissez-faire approach to FAV accessibility that has yet to actualize the full benefits of this new transportation mode, not only for BVI people, but also for all users. We outline the necessity for a policy framework that guides the design of FAVs to include the concerns of BVI people and then propose legislative and design recommendations aimed to promote enhanced accessibility, transparency, and fairness during FAV travel.

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