Exploring practitioners’ perception of ethical issues in planning: The Peruvian case

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S Pineda-Zumaran
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Policy Frameworks

Despite the ethics of planning in the Global South is an issue of crucial importance due to the challenging circumstances in which the discipline is practiced in the region, this discussion is still at this initial stage. This article contributes to expanding on the matter through an approach to identify the influence on practitioners’ perception of ethical issues of the planning purposes and values embedded within five frames of reference of practice (i.e. professional training, professionalization bodies, institutional settings, planning systems and policy frameworks). Using the case of professional architects working as planners for municipalities in Arequipa (Peru), the article starts with an exploratory comparison between the purposes and values put forward by professional training in planning and architecture and then contrast these with the planning purposes and values purveyed by professionalization bodies, institutional settings, planning systems, and policy frameworks. These results support the analysis of practitioners’ perception of ethical issues. This shows that the understanding of planning purposes and values of Peruvian architects acting as planners and the views of the country’s architecture professionalization body contributes to strengthening the regulatory, technical, and apolitical orientation of the Peruvian planning system. With the adoption of neoliberal urban policies and within the ethically inconsistent municipal institutional setting, architects’ operationalization of their understanding of planning purposes and values leads to a procedural perception of ethical issues, which is based on the belief that these center on conflicts of personal principles. Their belated realization that ethical issues also concern conflict of interests adds to their questioning of the idea of planning, making the discipline’s practice in the country even more challenging.

scholarly journals Chinese NGO-Firm Partnerships and CSR from an Institutional Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Corporate Social

NGO–firm partnerships have been well studied in the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Marano and Tashman 2012; Dahan et al. 2010; Oetzel and Doh 2009). However, these studies have generally limited their focus to Western multinationals and Western NGOs and, moreover, not by-and-large examine in depth the institutional settings under which either the firm or the NGO operates Building on recent institutional approaches to CSR (Brammer, Jackson, and Matten 2012; Kang and Moon 2012; Matten and Moon 2008), this paper examines how the institutional dynamics of several partnerships between Chinese firms and NGOs affect the manifestation of CSR (e.g. “implicit” vs. “explicit”). The paper also looks into how CSR and NGO–firm collaboration plays out within a changing state-corporatist framework in Chinese context (Unger and Chan 1995, 2008; Hsu and Hasmath forthcoming). The paper then argues 1) that the involvement of an NGO in the partnership reflects a changing institutional setting in China, and 2) that type and level of involvement of Chinese government institutions affects whether a given firm takes an “implicit” or an “explicit” approach to CSR.

scholarly journals The first stage of Australia’s digital transition and its implications for Australian television drama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2110303
Author(s):  
Anna Potter ◽  
Amanda D. Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Policy Reform ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Domestic Drama ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Visibility ◽  
Digital Disruption

This article analyses how digitisation and screen policy reform altered the production of domestic drama and children’s programmes in Australia. Focusing on dynamics that developed before widespread use of streaming services, it maps the disruptions and evolution that digital ‘multi-channels’ caused and how they challenged audiovisual policy frameworks intended to safeguard local television including drama on advertiser-funded broadcasters. The article reveals how the effects of fragmentation undermined commercial television’s business model and eroded investment in scripted content. Shifting policy priorities also brought new support mechanisms for local programmes and led to adjustments to the ABC’s drama funding practices, with significant effects on the form, content, and cultural visibility of Australian drama. This initial stage of digital disruption – spanning roughly 2001–2014 – is often overlooked but is crucial for appreciating the challenges facing Australian television drama production in the 2020s.

Policy and institutions facilitating entrepreneurial spin-offs: USA, Asia and Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Caiazza ◽  
David Audretsch ◽  
Tiziana Volpe ◽  
Julie Debra Singer
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Purpose – Existing work documents the role that institutional setting plays in the process of spin-off creation. However, despite decades of studies, scholars have not clearly explained why some regions are more involved in spin-off activity than others. Drawing from institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to compare different institutional settings identifying factors affecting the general environment capability to support spin-off activity of a specific region. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize a cross-national analysis of American, Asian, and European areas identifying factors affecting their different rate of spin-off activity. This study contributes to the policy debate concerning entrepreneurship and how best to spur spin-off activities. Findings – In this paper, the authors identify the general and specific factors that explain the cross-national diversity in spin-off creation. The authors then perform an analysis of the impact of these factors in various regions of the USA, Asia, and Europe, providing evidence for the necessity of specific combinations of these factors. Originality/value – The paper offers a new perspective on the causes of spin-offs through a cross-national analysis of many areas around the world.

scholarly journals HDDL: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Hierarchical Planning Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 9883-9891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Höller ◽  
Gregor Behnke ◽  
Pascal Bercher ◽  
Susanne Biundo ◽  
Humbert Fiorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planning System ◽  
Hierarchical Planning ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Input Language ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Domain Independent ◽  
Tailored Advice

The research in hierarchical planning has made considerable progress in the last few years. Many recent systems do not rely on hand-tailored advice anymore to find solutions, but are supposed to be domain-independent systems that come with sophisticated solving techniques. In principle, this development would make the comparison between systems easier (because the domains are not tailored to a single system anymore) and – much more important – also the integration into other systems, because the modeling process is less tedious (due to the lack of advice) and there is no (or less) commitment to a certain planning system the model is created for. However, these advantages are destroyed by the lack of a common input language and feature set supported by the different systems. In this paper, we propose an extension to PDDL, the description language used in non-hierarchical planning, to the needs of hierarchical planning systems.

Financial analysts' reaction to voluntary integrated reporting: cross-sectional variation in institutional enforcement contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rossignoli ◽  
Riccardo Stacchezzini ◽  
Alessandro Lai
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeEuropean countries are likely to increasingly adopt integrated reporting (IR) voluntarily, after the 2014/95/EU Directive is revised and other initiatives are implemented. Therefore, the present study provides insights on the relevance of IR in voluntary contexts by exploring analysts' reactions to the release of integrated reports in diverse institutional settings.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on voluntary disclosure theory, a quantitative empirical research method is used to explore the moderating role of country-level institutional characteristics on the associations between voluntary IR release and analyst forecast accuracy and dispersion.FindingsIR informativeness is not uniform in the voluntary context and institutional settings play a moderating role. IR release is associated with increased consensus among analyst forecasts. However, in countries with weak institutional enforcement, a reverse association is detected, indicating that analysts rely largely on IR where the institutional setting strongly protects investors. Although a strong institutional setting boosts the IR release usefulness in terms of accuracy, it creates noise in analyst consensus.Research limitations/implicationsAcademics can appreciate the usefulness of voluntary IR across the institutional enforcement contexts.Practical implicationsManagers can use these findings to understand opportunities offered by IR voluntary release. The study recommends that policymakers, standard setters and regulators strengthen the institutional enforcement of sustainability disclosure.Originality/valueThis study is a unique contribution to recent calls for research on the effects of nonfinancial disclosure regulation and on IR “impacts”. It shows on the international scale that IR usefulness for analysts is moderated by institutional patterns, not country-level institutional characteristics.

Firm Performance Effects in Relation to the Implementation and Use of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas I. Nicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Enterprise Systems ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Performance Effects

Research indicates that successful adoption of information technology to support business strategy can help organizations gain superior financial performance. The recent wave of enterprise-wide resource planning systems adoptions is a significant commitment of resources and may affect almost all business processes. This study examines the effect of adoption of enterprise systems on a firm's long-term financial performance. A large-scale data identification and collection method compared the financial data of 247 firms adopting enterprise wide systems with a matched control group of firms cross-sectionally and longitudinally before and after adoption. A number of implementation characteristics were also measured and their effects assessed. The results show that firms adopting enterprise systems exhibit higher differential performance only after two years of continued use. Furthermore, controlling for implementation characteristics as vendor choice, implementation goal, modules implemented, and implementation time period, helped explain the financial performance effects of enterprise resource planning system use. These results provide important insights that complement extant research findings and also raise future research issues.

Impacts of regulatory focus and institutions on innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birton J. Cowden ◽  
Joshua S. Bendickson
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Cognitive Motivations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose Many factors influence entrepreneurs, some of which influence the level of innovation (i.e. innovative or imitative) of new products or services pursued. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the psychological motivations of the entrepreneurs and their institutional setting on the innovativeness of the new venture they pursue. Through this exploration, we can gain a better understanding of how innovative new ventures still occur in varying institutional environments. Design/methodology/approach In order to deliver the authors’ propositions as they pertain to innovation, the authors review the literature on entrepreneurs’ default regulatory focus (i.e. promotion or prevention seeking) and the strength of the institutions in which they are operating. Findings The authors theorize that promotion focus enhances innovativeness of ventures while prevention focus enhances imitativeness of ventures. The authors also provide a conceptual framework for the interplay among institutions and regulatory focus and provide a typology for how these varying combinations impact innovativeness or imitativeness of venture type. Originality/value In this study, the authors discuss and unpack the entrepreneurial mindset in order to bridge gaps between institutions and cognitive motivations of entrepreneurs as they pertain to innovativeness of venture type. By synthesizing several areas of research, the authors shed light on entrepreneurs’ innovativeness by proposing how these factors work together in determining whether an entrepreneur’s venture is more or less innovative based on regulatory disposition and in different institutional settings.

Strategic Manufacturing Planning Systems and Their Linkage to Planning System Success

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Papke-Shields ◽  
Manoj K. Malhotra ◽  
Varun Grover
Keyword(s):  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Planning ◽  
System Success

International academic cooperation on international relations in the interwar period: the International Studies Conference

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL RIEMENS
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
International Studies ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

AbstractBased on considerable archival research in Switzerland and France, this article considers the creation of specialised institutions and centres for scientific research, discussion and information on international questions after the First World War. It analyses the origins and development of the International Studies Conference from 1928 until 1946, and it pays particular attention to the institutional setting provided by the ISC. With the help of an international questionnaire of the League of Nations from the early 1930s the article also discusses the university teaching of IR in the US, Great Britain and on the European continent in the interwar period, and it looks at some of the institutional settings, especially academic institutions (departments, chairs, schools and so on), that were available at the time.

Towards a Contingency Theory of Planning

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Contemporary Management ◽  
Research Studies

AbstractAlthough most managers and researchers believe planning is beneficial for organizations, many research studies have failed to prove these benefits are significant. Methodological problems have certainly detracted from researchers' abilities to show a planning-performance linkage.The article deals with definitional issues about planning and five planning modes. Contingency propositions are developed to link the planning modes with several strategic and contextual situations. For example, it is argued that, while (1) prospector-type strategies are best implemented with externally oriented planning systems like longer-range planning or strategic planning, (2) defender-type strategies are better with internal orientations, like comprehensive planning or implementation-oriented planning. In addition to strategy, other contingency variables examined are user sector, purchase frequency and the stage of product life cycle in which the planning is undertaken.Planning has adherents as well as detractors among managers and academics. Both sides of the debate can be seen in Mintzberg's (1994a & 1994b) recent publications on the “rise and fall” and “fall and rise” of strategic planning. Many have pointed to planning's benefits to organisations (eg Ansoff, 1977; Bryson, 1988; Langley, 1988). Yet research studies have failed to prove that these benefits are significant (eg Fredrickson & Mitchell, 1984; Fulmer & Rue, 1974; Grinyer & Norburn, 1975; Powell, 1992; Robinson & Pearce, 1983; Pearce, Freeman, & Robinson, 1987). Pearce, et al. (1987) noted a lack of attention to contextual influences; inconsistencies in operationalisation of planning; measurement validity problems; ignoring implementation factors, time frames, and size effects as the methodological problems in this area of research that may have affected researchers' chances of finding the expected link. Rhyne (1986: 423) also argued that some ambiguous findings were attributable to “the manner in which planning was actually carried out, rather than to planning itself”.Another possible weakness in the “planning” research is that it has not discriminated between modes or approaches to planning. The assumption seems to have been that “more planning is better,” or that longer-term, strategic planning should work in all or most contexts (Bryson, 1988; Eadie, 1983; James, 1984). The present article questions this view and suggests that less sophisticated planning may be better suited to some contexts and more elaborate approaches to others. Robinson and Pearce (1983) support such an approach, suggesting that less formalised planning may be preferable in certain situations.The article builds on Hofer's (1975) “contingency theory of business strategy,” as well as on Hambrick and Lei's (1985) “prioritization of contingency variables.” From a theoretical standpoint, a contingency approach is particularly well suited to strategy-related research (Galbraith & Kazanjian, 1986; Hofer, 1975) and this approach could hold the solution to an understanding of the elusive planning-performance link. Although past planning research has failed to provide conclusive evidence that a given planning system helps performance in all situations, certain planning systems may work well in some contexts but not in others.This article begins with a brief discussion of planning and some definitions of different planning modes. A number of contingency propositions are then developed to link these planning modes with variables that are of interest to contemporary management researchers and practitioners.

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